Socioeconomic variations in the proportions of stroke attributable to reproductive profiles among postmenopausal women in China.

Background: This prospective study aimed to examine the individual and combined population attributable fractions (PAFs) of stroke and its subtypes associated with reproductive factors among Chinese postmenopausal women, highlighting variations across socioeconomic status (SES) stratas.

Methods: Data were from 138,873 Chinese postmenopausal women enrolled in the China Kadoorie Biobank. Reproductive factors evaluated in this study included early age at menarche, early age at menopause, advanced age at first live birth, high parity, history of stillbirth, history of miscarriage or termination, and non-lactation.

Incidence and Outcomes of Diaphragmatic Hernia After Living Donor Hepatectomy: The Significance of Bipolar Irrigated Sealer Use.

Background: Acquired diaphragmatic hernia (DH) is a rare and potentially fatal complication after living donor hepatectomy (LDH). This study aimed to assess the incidence and clinical outcomes of DH after LDH.

Methods: Four thousand fourteen living donors who underwent LDH at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, between September 2013 and August 2023 were retrospectively reviewed.

Progress on clinical and mechanism researches of acupuncture therapy for asthma.

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that occurs repeatedly and is hardly cured. Clinical studies have shown that acupuncture can effectively relieve asthma-related symptoms and is an ideal measure to treat asthma. The paper reviews the clinical and mechanism researches of acupuncture for asthma reported in China and other countries in recent 5 years, so as to provide the relevant evidences for the further study on asthma.

Modulation of netrin-1/DCC signaling pathway by Jiawei Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill improves synaptic structural plasticity in PSD rats.

Jiawei Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill(JKZP) is based on Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill contained in the Tang Dynasty's "Thousand Golden Prescriptions," which exhibited good anti-ischemic and antidepressant effects in the previous study. However, its specific effects on post-stroke depression (PSD) and the mechanism are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of JKZP in the treatment of PSD and related mechanisms.

Green biotechnological synthesis of rare sugars/alcohols: D-allulose, allitol, D-tagatose, L-xylulose, L-ribose.

Rare sugars are paid more attention because of which have the characteristics of low calorie, low absorption and excellent physiological functions. Biotechnological synthesis of rare sugars has the advantages of being green, clean, simple and economic compared to chemical synthesis. Abundant enzymes for rare sugars biosynthesis are introduced and multienzyme cascade catalytic system (MECCS) used in biosynthesis of rare sugars is highlighted in this paper.

Diversity and dynamics of microbial communities during spontaneous fermentation of different cultivars of apples from China and their relationship with the volatile components in the cider.

Microorganisms involved in spontaneous fermentation are critical in cider productivity, quality, and aroma. This study examined the composition and dynamic changes of indigenous microbial communities during spontaneous fermentation of three apple cultivars (Qin Guan, Fuji, and Qin Yue) from Shaanxi, China, and their influence on cider's volatile components. Samples were collected at three time points and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and HS-SPME-GC-MS.

Guided Isolation of Isopentenyl Flavonoids from Daphne giraldii Based on the Combination of GNPS and SMART.

Six flavonoids (1-6), including 3 previously undescribed compounds (1-3), were isolated from the dried roots and stem skins of Daphne giraldii Nitsche. The strategy of LC-tandem mass spectrometry-based Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) molecular network technology and NMR-based Small Molecule Accurate Recognition Technology (SMART) technology facilitated the precise separation of isopentenyl flavonoids in D. giraldii.

Color vision-associated environmental and biological factors in the development of myopia.

As a global public health problem, myopia has attracted more and more attention for its high prevalence and severe visual impairment. Although extensive research on the risk factors for myopia has been conducted, the underlying pathogenesis is still unclear. Color vision, mediated by retinal cone cells, is a fundamental and important component of human visual functions.

OsCHR728 encodes a chromatin remodeling factor involved in seed size and grain chalkiness in rice.

The Imitation Switch (ISWI)ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor proteins regulate various developmental processes, spanning from flowering to stress response. However, research on the roles of ISWI subfamily genes in rice have been limited. This study investigates the expression profile of the rice chromatin remodeler gene OsCHR728, encoding an ISWI protein, across various tissues and developing stages.

Greenness, Nighttime Light, and Couple Fecundability: A National Cohort Study Between 2014-2020.

Background: Reduced greenness and increased nighttime light (NTL) have been associated with adverse health outcomes; however, the impacts of greenness and NTL on human fecundability remain uncertain.

Methods: Data was collected from 14,239,365 couples across 31 provinces in China. Greenness exposure was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 1000-meter buffer zones, while NTL data was derived from the Visible and Infrared Imaging Suite Day Night Band aboard satellites, both based on individual residential addresses.

Exposure to green space and leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number in children and adolescents.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is vulnerable to environmental exposure and is related to various diseases. However, the relationship of green space exposure with mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn) is not yet well clarified. In this study, we sought to explore how green space exposure influences mtDNAcn in children and adolescents.

Exosomal delivery of rapamycin modulates blood-brain barrier penetration and VEGF axis in glioblastoma.

Exosomes (Exos), nanosized membranous vesicles (30-160 nm), have been validated as an effective drug delivery system capable of traversing biological barriers. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their near-limitless self-renewal capabilities, provide a plentiful source of exosomes for clinical applications. In this study, we utilized an exosome-encapsulated rapamycin (Exo-Rapa) delivery strategy, which permits the use of smaller drug dosages to achieve effects typically seen with higher dosages, thus enhancing drug efficacy.

Latest developments of microphysiological systems (MPS) in aging-related and geriatric diseases research: a review.

Aging is a gradual and irreversible process accompanied by the decline in tissue function and a significantly increased risk of various aging-related and geriatric diseases. Especially in the paradoxical context of accelerated global aging and the widespread emergence of pandemics, aging-related and geriatric diseases have become leading causes of individual mortality and disability, drawing increasing attention from researchers and investors alike. Despite the utility of current in vitro systems and in vivo animal models for studying aging, these approaches are limited by insurmountable inherent constraints.

Low dosage ionic liquid-driven mild and selective lignocellulosic deconstruction of corn stover using biphasic co-solvent systems.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are highly effective in lignocellulose pretreatment due to their excellent solvation properties. However, the single-phase nature of conventional IL pretreatment not only causes component mixing, complicating separation and utilization, but also limits large-scale application due to the high cost. To address these challenges, this study developed a biphasic pretreatment system combining the protic IL [BHEM]mesy with aqueous pentanol, aiming to efficiently fractionate corn stover under mild conditions.

Reshaping the gut microbiota: Tangliping decoction and its core blood-absorbed component quercetin improve diabetic cognitive impairment.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline, which can result in diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI). Recent studies have indicated that gut microbiota plays a significant role in the development of DCI. Tangliping Decoction (TLP), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, contains various active ingredients that have been shown to regulate the microecology of gut microbiota and potentially improve DCI.

Comparison of the effects between catalase and superoxide dismutase on regulating macrophage inflammatory response and protecting osteogenic function of periodontal ligament cells.

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been confirmed closely associated with the pathological process of periodontitis, but the specific roles played by different ROS types are still to be investigated. Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) specifically eliminate hydrogen peroxide (HO) and superoxide anion (O), respectively. We for the first time compare the effects and mechanisms of CAT and SOD in protecting periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) against oxidative damage, reducing the expression of macrophage inflammatory factors, and preserving the osteogenic differentiation function of PDLCs by modulating the inflammatory environment.

Comprehensive assessment of serum 3'-tRF as a novel diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Yet, there is a lack of diagnostic markers with high sensitivity in the clinic. tRNA-derived small RNAs are a novel type of non-coding small RNAs, which are abundant in tumor cells and body fluids.

Mechanistic insights into the response of oxygen reducing biocathode to Ni: Microbial activity and electron transfer behavior.

Heavy metals affect the electrochemical activity of microorganisms in bioelectrochemical systems. However, effects of heavy metals on microbial viability and extracellular electron transfer of oxygen reducing biocathodes remains elusive. This study indicated that the impact of Ni shock was concentration-dependent.

Quantification of microplastics in agricultural soils by total organic carbon -solid sample combustion analysis.

Accurate quantification of microplastics (MPs) in soils is a significant challenge due to the complex nature of the organo-mineral matrix. Fine mineral particles and organic matter often interfere with the efficiency of extraction, identification and quantification of MPs from soils. Here, an optimized MP extraction and quantification method is proposed, using total organic carbon analyser-solid sample combustion unit (TOC-SSM) analysis.

Effects and interaction of humidex and air pollution on influenza: A national analysis of 319 cities in mainland China.

Influenza imposes a significant global health burden. This study investigates the effects of humidex and air pollution on influenza and their interactions, using multi-city surveillance data in China. Daily data on reported influenza cases, meteorological factors and air pollution from 319 cities in mainland China over the study period of 2014-2019 were collected.

Novel CXCR2 antibodies exhibit enhanced anti-tumor activity in pancreatic cancer.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial in several physiological and pathological processes and are associated with numerous diseases across all therapeutic areas. Antibodies are well-established therapeutics with better selectivity, stability, and half-life than small molecules and peptides. CXC motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and its ligands play functional roles in the progression and metastasis of tumors and activation and trafficking of inflammatory mediators.

Early metabolomics revealed the sensitivity of sacubitril/valsartan to person with end-stage renal disease accompanied by heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) is a major complication in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is the leading cause of death in this high-risk population. Sacubitril/Valsartan is an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) that has been shown to improve treatment outcomes in patients with ESRD accompanied by HF. Unfortunately, in clinical practice, some patients who received sacubitril/valsartan treatment not only did not show a good therapeutic effect, but also got worse with the passage of time.

Serum metabolomic profiling uncovered metabolic shifts in individuals upon moderate-altitude exposure and identified the potentiality of beta-alanine to ameliorate hyperuricemia.

Background: High-altitude exposure has been associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia (HU) and gout, though the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the serum metabolome and phenome in both discovery and validation cohorts of Han Chinese individuals who underwent long-term moderate-altitude exposure (∼12 months), as well as in an independent cohort consisting of local Han Chinese and Tibetans residing in Nyingchi (>5 years). Beta-Alanine intervention was applied in hypoxanthine and potassium oxonate-induced in vitro and in vivo experiments.