Fully Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Ice Nucleation Near an Antifreeze Protein.

Heterogeneous ice nucleation is a widespread phenomenon in nature. Despite extensive research on ice nucleation near biological antifreeze proteins, a probe for ice nucleation and growth processes at the atomic level is still lacking. Herein, we present simulation evidence of the heterogeneous ice nucleation process on the ice-binding surface (IBS) of the antifreeze protein (TmAFP).

Clinical characteristics of pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia were analyzed targeted next-generation sequencing detection.

Background: The primary purpose of this study was to detect the pathogen species using targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) to investigate the characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)-related pathogens in children in Xiantao city, Hubei province, China.

Methods: A total of 1,527 children with CAP were prospectively recruited from our hospital between May 2022 and February 2023. Information on age and sex was collected from the medical records.

Interpretable multi-modal artificial intelligence model for predicting gastric cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy assessment is imperative for prognostication and clinical management of locally advanced gastric cancer. We propose an incremental supervised contrastive learning model (iSCLM), an interpretable artificial intelligence framework integrating pretreatment CT scans and H&E-stained biopsy images, for improved decision-making regarding neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We have constructed and tested iSCLM using retrospective data from 2,387 patients across 10 medical centers and evaluated its discriminative ability in a prospective cohort (132 patients; ChiCTR2300068917).

Efficient small fragment sequencing of human, cattle, and bison miRNA, small RNA, or csRNA-seq libraries using AVITI.

Background: Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) catalyzed breakthroughs across various scientific domains. Illumina's sequencing by synthesis method has long been central to NGS, but new sequencing methods like Element Biosciences' AVITI technology are emerging. AVITI is reported to offer improved signal-to-noise ratios and cost reductions.

Avidity sequencing of whole genomes from retinal degeneration pedigrees identifies causal variants.

Whole genome sequencing has been an effective tool in the discovery of variants that cause rare diseases. In this study, we determined the suitability of a novel avidity sequencing approach for rare disease applications. We built a sample to results workflow, combining this sequencing technology with standard library preparation kits, analysis workflows, and interpretation tools.

An innovative walnut cracker: Self-grading and multi-station extrusion mechanism with high efficiency.

The walnut cracking process is the most critical and delicate step for achieving high-quality kernels. The traditional method for cracking (manually) is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and tedious. The existing cracking approaches are low production efficiency and serious walnut kernel breakage.

Utility analyses of AVITI sequencing chemistry.

Background: DNA sequencing is a critical tool in modern biology. Over the last two decades, it has been revolutionized by the advent of massively parallel sequencing, leading to significant advances in the genome and transcriptome sequencing of various organisms. Nevertheless, challenges with accuracy, lack of competitive options and prohibitive costs associated with high throughput parallel short-read sequencing persist.

Advances and Prospects in Liquid Biopsy Techniques for Malignant Tumor Diagnosis and Surveillance.

Liquid biopsy technology provides invaluable support for the early diagnosis of tumors and surveillance of disease course by detecting tumor-related biomarkers in bodily fluids. Currently, liquid biopsy techniques are mainly divided into two categories: biomarker and label-free. Biomarker liquid biopsy techniques utilize specific antibodies or probes to identify and isolate target cells, exosomes, or molecules, and these techniques are widely used in clinical practice.

Power system fault diagnosis with quantum computing and efficient gate decomposition.

Power system fault diagnosis is crucial for identifying the location and causes of faults and providing decision-making support for power dispatchers. However, most classical methods suffer from significant time-consuming, memory overhead, and computational complexity issues as the scale of the power system concerned increases. With rapid development of quantum computing technology, the combinatorial optimization method based on quantum computing has shown certain advantages in computational time over existing methods.

When You Think of and Identify Yourself as a Nurse, You Will Become More Deontological and Less Utilitarian.

This study aims to examine how the activation of the role of nursee and professional identification as a nurse can influence moral judgments in terms of deontological and utilitarian inclinations. In Study 1, a priming technique was used to assess the impact of activating the nursing concept on moral reasoning. Participants were randomly assigned to either a nursing prime or neutral prime condition.

Effects of Sadness and Fear on Moral Judgments in Public Emergency Events.

With the rapid development of society and the deteriorating natural environment, there has been an increase in public emergencies. This study aimed to explore how sadness and fear in the context of public emergencies influence moral judgments. This research first induced feelings of sadness and fear by using videos about public emergencies and music, and then used moral scenarios from the CNI model (C parameter: sensitivity to consequences; N parameter: sensitivity to norms; I parameter: general preference for inaction) to assess participants' moral thinking.

Longitudinal multi-omics analysis of host microbiome architecture and immune responses during short-term spaceflight.

Maintenance of astronaut health during spaceflight will require monitoring and potentially modulating their microbiomes. However, documenting microbial shifts during spaceflight has been difficult due to mission constraints that lead to limited sampling and profiling. Here we executed a six-month longitudinal study to quantify the high-resolution human microbiome response to three days in orbit for four individuals.

The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank.

Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space. Yet current frameworks for aerospace medicine are nascent and lag far behind advancements in precision medicine on Earth, underscoring the need for rapid development of space medicine databases, tools and protocols. Here we present the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA), an integrated data and sample repository for clinical, cellular and multi-omic research profiles from a diverse range of missions, including the NASA Twins Study, JAXA CFE study, SpaceX Inspiration4 crew, Axiom and Polaris.

Efficient small fragment sequencing of human, cow, and bison miRNA, small RNA or csRNA-seq libraries using AVITI.

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) catalyzed breakthroughs across various scientific domains. Illumina's sequencing by synthesis method has long been essential for NGS but emerging technologies like Element Biosciences' sequencing by avidity (AVITI) represent a novel approach. It has been reported that AVITI offers improved signal-to-noise ratios and cost reductions.

Self-Assembly Behavior, Aggregation Structure, and the Charge Carrier Transport Properties of S-Heterocyclic Annulated Perylene Diimide Derivatives.

The construction of high-performance n-type semiconductors is crucial for the advancement of organic electronics. As an attractive n-type semiconductor, molecular systems based on perylene diimide derivatives (PDIs) have been extensively investigated over recent years. Owing to the fascinating aggregated structure and high performance, S-heterocyclic annulated PDIs (SPDIs) are receiving increasing attention.

ArCH: improving the performance of clonal hematopoiesis variant calling and interpretation.

Motivation: The acquisition of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor stem cells with resultant clonal expansion, termed clonal hematopoiesis (CH), is associated with increased risk of hematologic malignancies and other adverse outcomes. CH is generally present at low allelic fractions, but clonal expansion and acquisition of additional mutations leads to hematologic cancers in a small proportion of individuals. With high depth and high sensitivity sequencing, CH can be detected in most adults and its clonal trajectory mapped over time.

Nanomechanical Analysis of Living Small Extracellular Vesicles to Identify Gastric Cancer Cell Malignancy Based on a Biomimetic Peritoneum.

Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent digestive malignancies. The lack of effective peritoneal models has hindered the exploration of the potential mechanisms behind gastric cancer's peritoneal metastasis. An accumulating body of research indicates that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play an indispensable role in peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer cells.

Thermal Property of Fullerene Fibers: One-Dimensional Material with Exceptional Thermal Performance.

The recent groundbreaking achievement in the synthesis of large-sized single crystal C monolayer, which is covalently bonded in a plane using C as building blocks. The asymmetric lattice structure endows it with anisotropic phonon modes and conductivity. If these C are arranged in form of 1D fiber, the improved manipulation of phonon conduction along the fiber axis could be anticipated.

Low-pass sequencing plus imputation using avidity sequencing displays comparable imputation accuracy to sequencing by synthesis while reducing duplicates.

Low-pass sequencing with genotype imputation has been adopted as a cost-effective method for genotyping. The most widely used method of short-read sequencing uses sequencing by synthesis (SBS). Here we perform a study of a novel sequencing technology-avidity sequencing.

Viral activation and ecological restructuring characterize a microbiome axis of spaceflight-associated immune activation.

Maintenance of astronaut health during spaceflight will require monitoring and potentially modulating their microbiomes, which play a role in some space-derived health disorders. However, documenting the response of microbiota to spaceflight has been difficult thus far due to mission constraints that lead to limited sampling. Here, we executed a six-month longitudinal study centered on a three-day flight to quantify the high-resolution microbiome response to spaceflight.