Investigation on formaldehyde generation characteristics and influencing factors of PODE/methanol dual-fuel combustion mode.

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (PODE) and methanol are important low-carbon substitutable fuels for reducing carbon emissions in internal combustion engines. In the research, the impacts of methanol ratio, injection timing, and intake temperature on HCHO generation and emission were investigated using both engine tests and numerical simulations. Results suggest that an increase in methanol ratio suppresses auto-ignition tendency of PODE, leading to the increase of ignition delay period, pressure peak, and heat release rate peak inside the cylinder.

Highly-efficient lipid production from hydrolysate of Radix paeoniae alba residue by oleaginous yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum.

Valorization of herbal extraction residues (HERs) into value-added products is pivotal for the sustainability of Chinese medicine industry. Here, seven different enzymatic hydrolysates of dilute acid pretreated HERs were evaluated for lipid production by Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum. Among them, the highest sugar yield via hydrolysis and the maximum lipid production were obtained from Radix paeoniae alba residue (RPAR).

Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral C2-Arylindoles via Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric C-H Bond Insertion.

A highly efficient rhodium-catalyzed formal C-H insertion reaction between indoles and 1-diazonaphthoquinones has been established, providing a novel protocol for the atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral C2-arylindoles (up to 99:1 er) under mild reaction conditions. Typically, only 1 mol % of Rh(-PTTL) is used and the chelation group is not needed for this conversion.

Gut microbiota communities of reciprocal hybrids from koi (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) are more similar to koi than goldfish.

Aims: To investigate the gut microbiota communities of reciprocal hybrids and inbred lines of koi (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus), as well as the genetic effect of intestinal microbiota between hybrids and parents.

Methods And Results: The reciprocal hybrids and inbred lines derived from the parents, koi and goldfish, were established. Then, the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of intestinal contents was sequenced using Illumina Miseq PE300.

Microplastics intake and excretion: Resilience of the intestinal microbiota but residual growth inhibition in common carp.

Aquatic animals can be influenced by exposure to microplastics (MPs), but little is known about their recovery capacity following MPs excretion. Here, common carp were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of MPs for 30 days and followed by MPs excretion for another 30 days. Growth, isotopic and elemental compositions and intestinal microbiota were investigated.

Site-Selective Functionalization of 7-Azaindoles via Carbene Transfer and Isolation of -Aromatic Zwitterions.

The first systematic study on metal-carbene transfer reaction of 7-azaindoles has been conducted, and the unprecedented dearomative N7-alkylation reaction has been accomplished via ruthenium catalysis. Importantly, through a sequential dearomatization-aromatization process, an isolable, and new class of azaindole-based -aromatic zwitterions has been discovered from the reaction of 7-azaindoles and diazoesters.

Anticolitic Effect of Berberine in Rat Experimental Model: Impact of PGE2/p38 MAPK Pathways.

Berberine (BER), a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, has been demonstrated to have appreciable anticolitis effects. Nevertheless, the protective mechanism of BER in ulcerative colitis (UC) is barely understood. The present study was aimed at exploring the therapeutic efficacy of BER on UC in experimental colitis rat model.

Ecological stoichiometric and stable isotopic responses to microplastics are modified by food conditions in koi carp.

Microplastics (MPs) can be easily taken up by a wide range of aquatic animals and cause blockage of the digestive tract leading to starvation. Meanwhile, aquatic organisms are facing threats posed by food restriction in both wild and cultured environment. Little knowledge, however, exists on how MPs interact with food conditions to affect aquatic animals.

Community structure and functional diversity of the plastisphere in aquaculture waters: Does plastic color matter?

Microplastics (MPs) serve as a niche for colonization of biofilm-forming microorganisms, termed as plastisphere. Distinct microbial assemblages between MPs and surrounding waters have been well reported, but little is known about driving factors affecting biofilm development on plastic surfaces. Here, to investigate the influence of plastic colors on microbial assemblages, we performed a biofilm incubation experiment, in an aquaculture pond, using MPs in colors (blue, yellow and transparent) that commonly found in the aquatic environments for 30 days.

Status of Gene Methylation and Polymorphism in Different Courses of Ulcerative Colitis and Their Comparison with Sporadic Colorectal Cancer.

Background: The objective of this study is to explore the common genetic and epigenetic mechanism of ulcerative colitis (UC) and sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC) by observing genes methylation level and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of different disease courses in UC and SCRC.

Methods: Two hundred subjects were enrolled, including 40 in the healthy control (HC) group, 50 in the short disease course UC group (SUC), 52 in the long disease course UC group (LUC), and 58 in the SCRC group. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the methylation of MINT1 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) gene.

Study on oxidation activity of Ce-Mn-K composite oxides on diesel soot.

As an effective method, diesel particulate filter (DPF) technology has a great contribution in reducing soot emissions from diesel engines. To achieve passive regeneration of DPF at low temperatures, K-doped CeMnO catalysts were synthesized using sol-gel method. The effect of K-doped catalysts-K-CeMnO-on the oxidation of soot had been studied by thermogravimetric analysis, and the corresponding catalytic properties were evaluated based on X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H-TPR), O temperature programmed desorption (O-TPD) Raman spectroscopy (Raman), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Fourier-Transform-Infrared (FTIR).

NO adsorption and desorption of a Mn-incorporated NSR catalyst Pt/Ba/Ce/xMn/γ-AlO.

This study evaluated the NO adsorption and desorption performance as well as the casual relationship underlying a Mn-incorporated catalyst (Pt/Ba/Ce/xMn/γ-AlO). NO adsorption and desorption are regarded as a prominent index for the NO removal performance of NO storage and reduction; we utilized NO storage experiments with various inlet NO and O concentrations and cycling adsorption/desorption experiments with a couple of adsorption time protocols for performance evaluation. In-suit DRIFT and NO-TPD tests were implemented to reveal the instant stored species and their thermal stability.

Single and combined effects of microplastics and cadmium on the cadmium accumulation, antioxidant defence and innate immunity of the discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus).

Microplastics (MPs) have the potential to interact with the toxicity of other common environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals. Here, we investigated the impacts of polystyrene-MPs (32-40 μm), cadmium (Cd) and their combination on early juveniles of the discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) in relation to Cd accumulation, antioxidant defence and innate immunity. Animals were exposed to three concentrations of MPs (0, 50 or 500 μg L) crossed with two levels of Cd (0 or 50 μg L) for 30 days.