Political and educational dynamics behind the Evangelicals' stance against mask mandates during COVID-19 in the U.S.

This study investigates the mediation effect of conservative political ideology on the relationship between Evangelical identities and attitudes against the mask mandate during COVID-19 in the U.S., using a nationally representative survey administered over three waves from September 2020 to June 2021.

Scalable Production of Thin and Durable Practical Li Metal Anode for High-Energy-Density Batteries.

Utilization of thin Li metal is the ultimate pathway to achieving practical high-energy-density Li metal batteries (LMBs), but its practical implementation has been significantly impeded by formidable challenges of poor thinning processability, severe interphase instability and notorious dendritic Li growth. Here we report a practical thin (10-40 μm) Li/Mo/LiSe with concurrently modulated interphase and mechanical properties, achieved via a scalable mechanical rolling process. The in situ generated LiSe and Mo not only enhance the mechanical strength enabling the scalable fabrication of thin Li metal, but also promote homogeneous Li electrodeposition.

Modification Strategies of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomaterials for Photocatalysis.

Although hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was initially considered a less promising photocatalyst due to its large band gap and apparent chemical inertness, its unique two-dimensional lamellar structure coupled with high stability and environmental friendliness, as the second largest van der Waals material after graphene, provides a unique platform for photocatalytic innovation. This review not only highlights the intrinsic qualities of h-BN with photocatalytic potentials, such as high stability, environmental compatibility, and tunable bandgap through various modification strategies but also provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in h-BN-based nanomaterials for environmental and energy applications, as well as an in-depth description of the modification methods and fundamental properties for these applications. In addition, we discuss the challenges and prospects of h-BN-based nanomaterials for future photocatalysis.

An all-in-one FeO-rGO sponge fabricated by solid-phase microwave thermal shock for water evaporation and purification.

Developing high-efficiency photothermal seawater desalination devices is of significant importance in addressing the shortage of freshwater. Despite much effort made into photothermal materials, there is an urgent need to design a rapidly synthesized photothermal evaporator for the comprehensive purification of complex seawater. Therefore, we report on all-in-one FeO-rGO photothermal sponges synthesized via solid-phase microwave thermal shock.

Interfacial Manipulation via In Situ Constructed Fast Ion Transport Channels toward an Ultrahigh Rate and Practical Li Metal Anode.

The successful substitution of Li metal for the conventional intercalation anode can promote a significant increase in the cell energy density. However, the practical application of the Li metal anode has long been fettered by the unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on the Li metal surface and notorious dendritic Li growth. Herein, a stabilized SEI layer with in situ constructed fast ion transport channels has successfully been achieved by a robust InS-cemented poly(vinyl alcohol) coating.

Three-Dimensional-Bioprinted Bioactive Glass/Cellulose Composite Scaffolds with Porous Structure towards Bone Tissue Engineering.

In this study, three-dimensional (3D) bioactive glass/lignocellulose (BG/cellulose) composite scaffolds were successfully fabricated by the 3D-bioprinting technique with -methylmorpholine--oxide (NMMO) as the ink solvent. The physical structure, morphology, mechanical properties, hydroxyapatite growth and cell response to the prepared BG/cellulose scaffolds were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the BG/cellulose scaffolds had uniform macropores of less than 400 μm with very rough surfaces.

In Situ Trapping Strategy Enables a High-Loading Ni Single-Atom Catalyst as a Separator Modifier for a High-Performance Li-S Battery.

The poor electrochemical reaction kinetics of Li polysulfides is a key barrier that prevents the Li-S batteries from widespread applications. Ni single atoms dispersed on carbon matrixes derived from ZIF-8 are a promising type of catalyst for accelerating the conversion of active sulfur species. However, Ni favors a square-planar coordination that can only be doped on the external surface of ZIF-8, leading to a low loading amount of Ni single atoms after pyrolysis.

Physicochemical and Photocatalytic Properties of 3D-Printed TiO/Chitin/Cellulose Composite with Ordered Porous Structures.

In this study, we printed three-dimensional (3D) titanium dioxide (TiO)/chitin/cellulose composite photocatalysts with ordered interconnected porous structures. Chitin microparticles were mixed with cellulose in the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) solution to prepare the printing "ink". TiO nanoparticles were embedded on the chitin/cellulose composite in the NMMO removal process by water before the freeze-drying process to build the 3D cellulosic photocatalysts with well-defined porous structures.

A High-Rate, Durable Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Sb-Doped O3-Type Ni/Mn-Based Layered Oxides.

O3-Type layered oxides are widely studied as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities. However, their rate capability and durability are limited by tortuous Na diffusion channels and complicated phase evolution during Na extraction/insertion. Here we report our findings in unravelling the mechanism for dramatically enhancing the stability and rate capability of O3-NaNiMnSbO (NaNMS) by substitutional Sb doping, which can alter the coordination environment and chemical bonds of the transition metal (TM) ions in the structure, resulting in a more stable structure with wider Na transport channels.

Surface, Interface and Structure Optimization of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Towards Efficient Resourceful Conversion of Industrial Waste Gases.

Industrial waste gas emissions from fossil fuel over-exploitation have aroused great attention in modern society. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been developed in the capture and catalytic conversion of industrial exhaust gases such as SO , H S, NO , CO , CO, etc. Based on these resourceful conversion applications, in this review, we summarize the crucial role of the surface, interface, and structure optimization of MOFs for performance enhancement.

Rule-based classifier based on accident frequency and three-stage dimensionality reduction for exploring the factors of road accident injuries.

Road accidents are one of the primary causes of death worldwide; hence, they constitute an important research field. Taiwan is a small country with a high-density population. It particularly has a considerable number of locomotives.

Graphene-Dominated Hybrid Coatings with Highly Compacted Structure on Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates.

Highly conductive corrosion protection coatings are necessary for metallic bipolar plates (BPs) of the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell. Graphene coatings have the potential of protecting metal substrates from corrosion without obscuring their excellent electrical conductivity. The electron transfer in the coatings facilitates the formation of galvanic cells, so the challenge is to block the mass transfer of the corrosion process.

Involvement of PtCOL5-PtNF-YC4 in reproductive cone development and gibberellin signaling in Chinese pine.

It is well documented that the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC trimer (NF-Y-CO) binds and regulates the FT promoter. However, the FT/TFL1-like (FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINALFLOWER1-like) genes in gymnosperms are all flowering suppressors, and the regulation model of NF-Y in gymnosperms is different from that in angiosperms. Here, using Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis), we identified a CONSTANS-LIKE gene, PtCOL5, the expression of which was strongly induced during cones development and it functioned as a repressor of flowering.

VCT MXene as novel anode for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor with superb durability in ZnSO electrolyte.

Despite of great interests in aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC), their performance is often restricted by unsatisfactory specific capacitance of anode materials. Herein, accordion-like VCT MXene has been prepared and exploited as novel anode material for aqueous ASC in neutral ZnSO electrolyte. Profitting from the layered structure with expanded interlayer distance, the VCT electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 481F g at 1 A g, a reasonable rate performance and intriguing cycling stability with capacitance retention of 84.

In Situ Construction of Efficient Interface Layer with Lithiophilic Nanoseeds toward Dendrite-Free and Low N/P Ratio Li Metal Batteries.

Li metal is considered as one of the most promising candidates for constructing advanced high-energy energy storage due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential. However, its practical commercialization is seriously hindered by the challenges of Li dendrite growth, low Coulombic efficiency, and huge volumetric variation. Herein, an efficient in situ generated Li S-rich interface layer joint with preplanted Sb nano active sites in hosted Li metal anode is easily achieved with the nanosized Sb S decorated carbonaceous network.

FeO nanoplates anchored on TiCT MXene with enhanced pseudocapacitive and electrocatalytic properties.

TiCT, as novel members of the two-dimensional material family, hold great promise for electrochemical energy storage and catalysis, however, the electrochemical performance of TiCT is largely limited by the self-restacking of their layers due to van der Waals forces. In this study, we report a high-performance electrode material, TiCT supported FeO nanoplates (denoted as MXene-Fe), synthesized by a simple wet chemistry method in a solvothermal system. The mesoporous MXene-Fe material as a supercapacitor electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 368.

Preparation of -Phenylenediamine Modified Graphene Foam/Polyaniline@Epoxy Composite with Superior Thermal and EMI Shielding Performance.

With the development of integrated devices, the local hot spot has become a critical problem to guarantee the working efficiency and the stability. In this work, we proposed an innovative approach to deliver graphene foam/polyaniline@epoxy composites (GF/PANI@EP) with improvement in the thermal and mechanical property performance. The graphene foam was firstly modified by the grafting strategy of p-phenylenediamine to anchor reactive sites for further in-situ polymerization of PANI resulting in a conductive network.

Preparation and Electrical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Based Porous Carbon by Different Activation Methods.

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based porous carbon was prepared by different methods of activation with PAN polymer microsphere as precursor. The morphology, structure and electrical properties for supercapacitor of the porous carbon were investigated. It was found that the morphology of PAN nanospheres tended to be destroyed in the process of one-step activation (activation and carbonization were carried out simultaneously, and could only be retained when the amount of activating agent KOH was small).

Homologous Strategy to Construct High-Performance Coupling Electrodes for Advanced Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors.

Potassium-ion hybrid capacitors (PIHCs) have been considered as promising potentials in mid- to large-scale storage system applications owing to their high energy and power density. However, the process involving the intercalation of K into the carbonaceous anode is a sluggish reaction, while the adsorption of anions onto the cathode surface is relatively faster, resulting in an inability to exploit the advantage of high energy. To achieve a high-performance PIHC, it is critical to promote the K insertion/desertion in anodic materials and design suitable cathodic materials matching the anodes.

Uniform and Anisotropic Solid Electrolyte Membrane Enables Superior Solid-State Li Metal Batteries.

Rational structure design is a successful approach to develop high-performance composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) for solid-state Li metal batteries. Herein, a novel CSE membrane is proposed, that consists of interwoven garnet/polyethylene oxide-Li bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide (LLZO/PEO-LiTFSI) microfibers. This CSE exhibits high Li-ion conductivity and exceptional Li dendrite suppression capability, which can be attributed to the uniform LLZO dispersion in PEO-LiTFSI and the vertical/horizontal anisotropic Li-ion conduction in the CSE.

Rationally designed hierarchical C/TiO/Ti multilayer core-sheath wires for high-performance energy storage devices.

Fiber-shaped supercapacitors (FSCs) are promising power sources for wearable electronic devices due to their small size, excellent flexibility and deformability. The performance of FSCs has been severely affected by the framework of the fibrous electrodes and the interface between the electrode materials and current collector. Herein, we propose an ingenious strategy that combines anodizing etching and CVD methods to transform the less-active titanium wires into unique hierarchical carbon/TiO nanotube/Ti (CTNT) core-sheath wires, which have high conductivity, good mechanical strength and porous structure on the surface.

N and Mn dual-doped cactus-like cobalt oxide nanoarchitecture derived from cobalt carbonate hydroxide as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reactions.

Collaborative design in both nanoarchitecture and electronic structure is of great significance for cost-effective electrocatalysts towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, cactus-like porous cobalt oxide (CoO) nanoarchitecture doped with manganese cation and nitrogen anion (N-Mn-CoO) was fabricated on the nickel foam by hydrothermal and subsequent N plasma treatment. Unique hierarchical structure and surface atomic engineering endow the N-Mn-CoO with rich active sites, abundant oxygen vacancies, enhanced electrical conductivity and rapid ion diffusion.