Butanolides and clerodane diterpenes from the twigs of Casearia grewiifolia and their effects on adiponectin secretion.

Three butanolides derivatives, grewiifolides A-C, and nine clerodane diterpenes, grewiifolins M-U, as well as a known sterol were isolated from the twigs of Casearia grewiifolia. The chemical structures and configurations of all isolates were established by various spectroscopic means and chemical derivatization. In a cell-based phenotypic assay using the adipogenesis model of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs), grewiifolide B significantly promoted adiponectin-secretion with EC value of 24.

Alkaloids and Coumarins with Adiponectin-Secretion-Promoting Activities from the Leaves of .

Fractionation of a methanol extract of leaves led to the identification of five new quinoline alkaloids (, , , , and ), three new coumarins (, , and ), and 20 known compounds. The structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of was proposed by electronic circular dichroism calculation.

Utility of fatty acid profile and in vitro immune cell activation for chemical and biological standardization of Arthrospira/Limnospira.

Commercially cultivated Limnospira (species formerly classified to genus Arthrospira) is a popular food/supplement consumed by millions of people worldwide for health benefits. The objective of the current research was to advance the standardization technology for Limnospira. Quantitative methods were established to detect fatty acids as potential chemical markers and immune-enhancing activity.

Acylated saponins and flavonoid glycosides from the fruits of Stewartia koreana.

Three acylated saponins and three flavonoid glycosides, along with nine known flavonoids, were isolated from the fruits of Stewartia koreana Nakai ex Rehder (Theaceae) using relative mass defect filtering analysis. The structures of these compounds were determined by performing spectroscopic analyses and using chemical methods. Furthermore, all the isolates were evaluated for their effects on the mRNA expression of the genes for proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as well as their inhibitory activities on PCSK9 and LDLR binding.

Salicinoyl Quinic Acids and Their Prostaglandin E Production Inhibitory Activities from the Fruits of .

Phytochemical investigation on the dried fruits of led to the identification of 10 new salicinoyl quinic acid derivatives (-), a new benzoyl quinic acid (), and two known compounds ( and ). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by interpreting 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data including HMBC and EXSIDE along with a chemical method for sugar unit analysis. All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against prostaglandin E (PGE) production in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated HaCat keratinocytes.

Identification of neolignans with PCSK9 downregulatory and LDLR upregulatory activities from Penthorum chinense and the potential in cholesterol uptake by transcriptional regulation of LDLR via SREBP2.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Penthorum chinense has been used in East Asia for the treatment of cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, jaundice and to treat liver problems. Recent evidences provided the potential for the clinical use of P. chinense in the treatment of metabolic disease.

First Total Synthesis of Gaylussacin and Its Stilbene Derivatives.

Gaylussacin (), a stilbene glucoside, has been isolated from and is used in Korean folk medicine. Although it was first isolated in 1972, the synthesis of gaylussacin has never been reported. Herein, we report the first total synthesis of gaylussacin in six steps with an overall yield of 23.

Sesquiterpenoids from the Aerial Parts of with Inhibitory Activities on Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Expression.

Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of aided by a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA expression screening assay in HepG2 cells led to the identification of 19 compounds including one new norsesquiterpene (), six new eudesmane sesquiterpenoids (-, , and ), and 12 known compounds. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by interpretation of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and MS data. Furthermore, computational prediction of ECD or chemical shifts was used to propose the absolute configurations of the new structures.

Combined MS/MS-NMR Annotation Guided Discovery of var. Seed as a Source of Viral Neuraminidase Inhibitory Polyphenols.

In this study, the chemical diversity of polyphenols in var seeds was identified by combined MS/MS-NMR analysis. Based on the annotated chemical profile, the isolation of stilbene oligomers was conducted, and consequently, stilbene oligomers (-) were characterized. Of these, compounds and are previously undescribed stilbene dimer glycoside () and tetramer glycoside (), respectively.

Standardized Extract of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Fructus Schisandrae Ameliorates Coughing and Increases Expectoration of Phlegm.

Cough and phlegm frequently occur in respiratory diseases like upper respiratory tract infections, acute bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. To relieve these symptoms and diseases, various ingredients are being used despite the debates on their clinical efficacy. We aimed to investigate the effects of the extract CKD-497, composed of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Fructus Schisandrae, in relieving cough and facilitating expectoration of phlegm.

Comprehensive Characterization of Lignans from by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, and Their NO Inhibitory Effects on RAW 264.7 Cells.

Lignans are known to be an important class of phenylpropanoid secondary metabolites. In the course of our studies on the chemodiversity of lignans, the necessity arose to develop a method for the fast detection and identification of bioactive lignan subclasses. In this study, we detected 10 lignan derivatives of different extracts of by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS.

Anti-hepatic steatosis activity of Sicyos angulatus extract in high-fat diet-fed mice and chemical profiling study using UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS spectrometry.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Recently, the inhibitory effects of flavone glycosides isolated from Sicyos angulatus extract on hepatic lipid accumulation in vitro were demonstrated. However, the effects of S.

Oligostilbenes from the leaves of Gnetum latifolium and their biological potential to inhibit neuroinflammation.

Oligostilbenes are polyphenol oligomers derived from resveratrol and are commonly produced by members of the Gnetaceae family, and many researchers have focused on their anti-inflammatory activities. The EtOAc fraction of a Gnetum latifolium extract showed inhibitory activity against neuroinflammation induced by the transfection of Aβ into microglial BV-2 cells. The bioassay-guided isolation of the 70% EtOH extract of this plant resulted in three previously undescribed resveratrol oligostilbenes and ten known stilbene derivatives.

Prenylated Phenolic Compounds from the Leaves of Sabia limoniacea and Their Antiviral Activities against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a serious swine epidemic, has been rampant in Asia since the 1990s. Despite the widespread use of PEDV vaccines, the occurrence of PEDV variants requires the discovery of new substances that inhibit these viruses. During a search for PEDV inhibitory materials from natural sources, seven new sabphenosides (1-7) and a new flavonoid (8), as well as eight known phenolic compounds (9-16), were obtained from the leaves of Sabia limoniacea.

Lignan Dimers from Forsythia viridissima Roots and Their Antiviral Effects.

Six new dimeric lignans (1-6) and one new lignan glycoside (16) were isolated from Forsythia viridissima roots along with nine known lignans (7-15). Spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods were used to determine these new structures and their absolute configurations. Among these compounds, dimatairesinol (1) and viridissimaols A-E (2-6) were assigned as dimers of dibenzylbutyrolactone analogues.

Natalenamides A⁻C, Cyclic Tripeptides from the Termite-Associated sp. RB99.

In recent years, investigations into the biochemistry of insect-associated bacteria have increased. When combined with analytical dereplication processes, these studies provide a powerful strategy to identify structurally and/or biologically novel compounds. Non-ribosomally synthesized cyclic peptides have a broad bioactivity spectrum with high medicinal potential.

C-Methylated Flavonoid Glycosides from Pentarhizidium orientale Rhizomes and Their Inhibitory Effects on the H1N1 Influenza Virus.

Thirteen C-methylated flavonoid glycosides (1-13), along with 15 previously known flavonoids (14-28), were isolated from rhizomes of Pentarhizidium orientale. Among these compounds, matteuorienates D-K (1-8) were obtained as analogues of matteuorienates A-C (14-16), which contain a characteristic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) moiety. The structures of 1-13 were characterized by spectroscopic analysis and chemical derivatization.

Neuroprotective benzyl benzoate glycosides from Disporum viridescens roots in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOAc extract from Disporum viridescens roots led to the isolation of five new benzyl benzoate glycosides, BBGs (1-5). The neuroprotective activities of the BBGs were screened using neuronal HT22 hippocampal cells. BBG-D (4) significantly protected murine hippocampal HT22 cells against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity by maintaining the antioxidative defense systems such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and the glutathione content.

Cognitive-enhancing effects of Rhus verniciflua bark extract and its active flavonoids with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.

The neuroprotective potential of flavonoids within the brain comprises anti-apoptosis of neuronal cells, anti-neuroinflammation and enhancement of cognitive function. We reported that Rhus vernciflua inhibits glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells. Here we narrowed it down to get neuroprotective fractions from the plant yielding flavonoid-rich ethyl acetate fraction (PREF).

The effects of lignan-riched extract of Shisandra chinensis on amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity in the cortex and hippocampus of mouse.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Trucz.) Baill. (Schisandraceae) which have been used as a tonic especially for kidney yin deficiency in Chinese traditional medicine are recently receiving attention for its preventive activity on age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

Cognition-enhancing and neuroprotective activities of the standardized extract of Betula platyphylla bark and its major diarylheptanoids.

Diarylheptanoids have been the center of the intensive research efforts for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the standardized extract of B. platyphylla bark and its major diarylheptanoids in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice through cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation.

Chemical constituents of Polygala tenuifolia roots and their inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2 microglia.

A methanolic extract of the roots of Polygala tenuifolia (Polygalaceae) significantly attenuated nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. Five xanthones, 1-hydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone (1), 3,6-dihydroxy-1,2,7-trimethoxyxanthone (2), 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone (3), 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyxanthone (4) and 1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (5), and five phenylpropanoids, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxypropiophenone (6), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (7), 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (8), 4-methoxycinnamic acid (9) and β-d-(3-O-sinapoyl) fructofuranosyl-α-d-(6-O-sinapoyl)glucopyranoside (10), were isolated from CHCl(3) fraction using bioactivity-guided fractionation. Among these compounds, compounds 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 showed significant inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in BV2 microglia cells at the concentration ranging from 10.