Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of Mumefural, Bioactive Compound Derived from Processed Fruit of Sieb. et Zucc., in ICR Mice.

Mumefural is a bioactive compound derived from the processed fruit of Sieb. et Zucc., a traditional health food; however, its safety has not been evaluated.

Activation of the HMGB1-RAGE axis upregulates TH expression in dopaminergic neurons via JNK phosphorylation.

The derangement of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity reduces dopamine synthesis and is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. However, the extracellular modulator and intracellular regulatory mechanisms of TH have yet to be identified. Recently, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was reported to be actively secreted from glial cells and is regarded as a mediator of dopaminergic neuronal loss.

The Effect of apoM Polymorphism Associated with HDL Metabolism on Obese Korean Adults.

Background: Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a recently identified apolipoprotein associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in coronary artery disease (CAD), but the association between apoM polymorphism and obesity has not been reported.

Aim: To investigate the association between apoM polymorphism and obesity prevalence in 584 Korean adults.

Methods: A total of 584 individuals aged between 30 and 80 years were recruited from Yonsei Medical Center in Seoul, Korea, and divided into obese (OB; body mass index, BMI ≥25) and nonobese (non-OB; BMI <25) groups.

Suppression of mitochondrial respiration with auraptene inhibits the progression of renal cell carcinoma: involvement of HIF-1α degradation.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression resulting from the uncontrolled migration and enhanced angiogenesis is an obstacle to effective therapeutic intervention. Tumor metabolism has distinctive feature called Warburg effect, which enhances the aerobic glycolysis rapidly supplying the energy for migration of tumor. To manipulate this metabolic change characteristic of aggressive tumors, we utilized the citrus extract, auraptene, known as a mitochondrial inhibitor, testing its anticancer effects against the RCC4 cell line.

High-capacity glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative metabolisms mediate the growth ability of glioblastoma.

Among the primary brain tumors, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a radical proliferation ability that complicates the therapeutic modulation of cancer progression. The majority of GBM patients have a low survival rate (<1 year) due to radical tumor growth and late cancer diagnosis. Previous reports have shown that astrocytes have a specific metabolic organization that includes the production of lactate, the storage of glycogen, and use of lactate to support neurons which possess higher capacity of metabolism compared to neurons.

Determination of hexamethylenetetramine in foods by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

A simple and rapid method was developed and validated for the determination of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) in foods. Samples were homogenised and extracted with methanol, followed by centrifugation. The resulting solution was filtered and injected into the high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC).

SOD3 acts as a tumor suppressor in PC-3 prostate cancer cells via hydrogen peroxide accumulation.

Background: The functions of superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3), which acts on the cell surface and protects cells from oxidative stress, remain uncertain in the progression of prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: To verify SOD3 expression in human prostate tissue, immunohistochemistry was performed using tissue microarrays. To investigate the effects of SOD3 on proliferation, migration, and invasion, SOD3 was overexpressed and recombinant SOD3 was employed in PC-3 prostate cancer cells.

Exogenous SPARC suppresses proliferation and migration of prostate cancer by interacting with integrin β1.

Background: The matricellular protein secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) plays an important role on tumor metastasis and progression in several cancers. However, the roles of SPARC in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear.

Methods: To identify SPARC protein in prostate tissue, immunohistochemical analysis of SPARC was conducted using human prostate tissue microarray.

CCR7-CCL19/CCL21-regulated dendritic cells are responsible for effectiveness of sublingual vaccination.

Our previous studies demonstrated the potential of the sublingual (s.l.) route for delivering vaccines capable of inducing mucosal as well as systemic immune responses.

Dendritic cells in colonic patches and iliac lymph nodes are essential in mucosal IgA induction following intrarectal administration via CCR7 interaction.

This study examined dendritic cells (DC) following intrarectal (IR) vaccination with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). Three rounds of IR vaccination with ovalbumin (OVA) and CT resulted in brisk levels of systemic and mucosal Ig responses. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that CD11c+ MHC class II+ cells accumulated primarily in the colonic patches (CP) and lamina propria of the large intestine (LI-LP), iliac LN (ILN) and MLN following IR vaccination with CT.

Pattern formation through selective chemical transformation of self-assembled benzaldimine monolayer by soft X-ray irradiation.

Benzaldimine monolayer was exposed to soft X-rays, and the involved chemical transformation was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectra and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The spectroscopy indicated that irradiation of soft X-ray (550 eV)-induced selective transformation of the imine group into a nonhydrolyzable one, i.e.