Accounting for time-varying exposures and covariates in the relationship between obesity and diabetes: analysis using parametric g-formula.

Background: Previous studies investigating the association between obesity and diabetes often did not consider the role of time-varying covariates affected by previous obesity status. This study quantified the association between obesity and diabetes using parametric g-formula.

Methods: We included 8924 participants without diabetes from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Ansan and Ansung study(2001-2002)-with up to the seventh biennial follow-up data from 2015 to 2016.

LC3B drives transcription-associated homologous recombination via direct interaction with R-loops.

Exploring the connection between ubiquitin-like modifiers (ULMs) and the DNA damage response (DDR), we employed several advanced DNA damage and repair assay techniques and identified a crucial role for LC3B. Notably, its RNA recognition motif (RRM) plays a pivotal role in the context of transcription-associated homologous recombination (HR) repair (TA-HRR), a particular subset of HRR pathways. Surprisingly, independent of autophagy flux, LC3B interacts directly with R-loops at DNA lesions within transcriptionally active sites via its RRM, promoting TA-HRR.

Sex Differences in Attitudes Toward Marriage and Childbearing Based on the Assumption of Being Mutation Carriers Among Young People.

Purpose: This study investigated changes in attitudes toward marriage and childbearing assuming a mutation carrier status among healthy, unmarried individuals in Korea.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of healthy, unmarried individuals aged 20-39 years was surveyed. A questionnaire on marriage and childbearing intentions was administered to the participants before and after providing them with information on mutation carriers' breast and ovarian cancer risks and their autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.

USP39 promotes non-homologous end-joining repair by poly(ADP-ribose)-induced liquid demixing.

Mutual crosstalk among poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), activated PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) metabolites, and DNA repair machinery has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism of the DNA damage response (DDR). However, there is no conclusive evidence of how PAR precisely controls DDR. Herein, six deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) associated with PAR-coupled DDR were identified, and the role of USP39, an inactive DUB involved in spliceosome assembly, was characterized.

Attitudes toward Risk-Reducing Mastectomy and Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy among Young, Unmarried, Healthy Women in Korea.

Purpose: This study investigated the attitudes toward risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) and risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) as cancer prevention options for BRCA1/2 carriers in healthy, young, unmarried Korean women.

Materials And Methods: A nationally representative sample of 600 women, aged 20-39 years, completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, preference for genetic testing, and intention to undergo risk-reducing surgeries after receiving information on the cancer risk of BRCA1/2 mutations and benefits of risk-reducing surgeries.

Results: A total of 54.

De Novo Cancer Incidence after Cholecystectomy in Korean Population.

Cancer development after cholecystectomy remains debatable. We estimated the major cancer incidence rates after cholecystectomy stratified by age and sex. The records of 408,769 subjects aged >20 years were extracted from the National Health Insurance database from 2008 to 2016.

Stress-induced NEDDylation promotes cytosolic protein aggregation through HDAC6 in a p62-dependent manner.

Stress-coupled NEDDylation potentially regulates the aggregation of nuclear proteins, which could protect the nuclear ubiquitin-proteasome system from proteotoxic stress. However, it remains unclear how NEDDylation controls protein-aggregation responses to diverse stress conditions. Here, we identified HDAC6 as a direct NEDD8-binding partner that regulates the formation of aggresome-like bodies (ALBs) containing NEDDylated cytosolic protein aggregates during ubiquitin stress.

Transfusion Status in Liver and Kidney Transplantation Recipients-Results from Nationwide Claims Database.

Background: This study analyzed the status and trends of transfusion and its associated factors among liver and kidney transplantation recipients.

Methods: A total of 10,858 and 16,191 naïve liver or kidney transplantation recipients from 2008 to 2017 were identified through the National Health Insurance Service database. The prescription code for transfusion and the presence, number, and amount of each type of transfusion were noted.

Factors Associated with Health Behaviors in Thyroid Cancer Survivors.

In this study, we compared health behaviors, including current smoking, drinking, and physical inactivity, in thyroid cancer survivors and non-cancer controls and investigated the factors associated with unhealthy behaviors among survivors. Baseline data from the Health Examinees study, collected from 2004 to 2013, were used. Thyroid cancer survivors (n = 942), defined as those who had received a clinical diagnosis of thyroid cancer, and 9,420 matched non-cancer controls without past history of any cancer were included in the analysis.

Heterogenous Effect of Risk Factors on Breast Cancer across the Breast Density Categories in a Korean Screening Population.

We evaluated the heterogeneity of the effect of known risk factors on breast cancer development based on breast density by using the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). In total, 4,898,880 women, aged 40-74 years, who participated in the national breast cancer screening program in 2009-2010 were followed up to December 2018. Increased age showed a heterogeneous association with breast cancer (1-year hazard ratio (HR) = 0.

De novo cancer incidence after kidney and liver transplantation: Results from a nationwide population based data.

The cancer risk among solid organ transplantation recipients in East-Asia has been insufficiently studied. This study estimated de novo cancer incidence in kidney and liver recipients 2008-2015, compared with the general population in Korea using nationwide data. This is a retrospective cohort study using nationwide health insurance claims data.

Affinity improvement by fine tuning of single-chain variable fragment against aflatoxin B1.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produced in Aspergillus flavus is a major hepatocarcinogen found in foods and feed. For effective immunological detection of AFB1 at low concentrations, the development of high affinity antibody for AFB1 is required. Previously, an affinity-maturated single-chain variable fragment containing 6 mutations (scFv-M37) was isolated from an artificial mutagenic library, which showed a 9-fold higher affinity than its wild type scFv.

Towards high-performance DPP-based sensitizers for DSC applications.

A novel, asymmetric DPP bridge/core was synthesized and tested in DSC devices. By desymmetrising the DPP core/bridge, a remarkable IPCE of >80% and a maximum power conversion efficiency of 7.7% were achieved.

A structural study of DPP-based sensitizers for DSC applications.

Four D-π-A sensitizers comprising a thienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (ThDPP) bridge were synthesized and tested in iodide/triiodide liquid electrolyte DSC devices. The dye series was strategically designed to develop a structure-property relationship. The best performing sensitizer utilized a phenyl-based anchor and triphenylamine donor (η = 5.

Allogeneic blood transfusion given before radiotherapy is associated with the poor clinical outcome in patients with cervical cancer.

Purpose: To analyze the effect of allogeneic blood transfusion on clinical outcome in 119 patients with stage IIB cervical cancer who were treated with radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Medical records were examined for hemoglobin levels before and during radiotherapy, history of allogeneic blood transfusions and the time point when transfusions were given. These factors were retrospectively analyzed along with other clinical risk factors for influences on the patients' clinical outcomes.