Origamic metal-organic framework toward mechanical metamaterial.

Origami, known as paper folding has become a fascinating research topic recently. Origami-inspired materials often establish mechanical properties that are difficult to achieve in conventional materials. However, the materials based on origami tessellation at the molecular level have been significantly underexplored.

Application of The Paris System in neobladder washing cytology: Comparison between the original diagnosis and correlation with histopathology.

Background: In urinary diversion after radical cystectomy, the incidence of recurrent urothelial carcinoma (UC) in upper urinary tract or urethra are reported in 2%-17% of the patients. Urine cytology plays a pivotal role in detecting the recurrence of UC. However, cytologic diagnosis in urinary diversion including neobladder is often challenging due to significant degenerative changes and necro-inflammatory background.

A Study of Detection Using Different Neural Networks in Autopsy Specimens.

Tuberculosis (TB) presents a substantial health risk to autopsy staff, given its three to five times higher incidence of TB compared to clinical staff. This risk is notably accentuated in South Korea, which reported the highest TB incidence rate and the third highest TB mortality rate among OECD member countries in 2020. The standard TB diagnostic method, histopathological examination of sputum or tissue for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) using Ziehl-Neelsen staining, demands microscopic examination of slides at 1000× magnification, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming.

Prediction of type 2 diabetes using genome-wide polygenic risk score and metabolic profiles: A machine learning analysis of population-based 10-year prospective cohort study.

Background: Previous work on predicting type 2 diabetes by integrating clinical and genetic factors has mostly focused on the Western population. In this study, we use genome-wide polygenic risk score (gPRS) and serum metabolite data for type 2 diabetes risk prediction in the Asian population.

Methods: Data of 1425 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Ansan-Ansung cohort were used in this study.

Patient-specific molecular response dynamics can predict the possibility of relapse during the second treatment-free remission attempt in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), treatment-free remission (TFR) is defined as maintaining a major molecular response (MMR) without a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), such as imatinib (IM). Several studies have investigated the safety of the first TFR (TFR) attempt and suggested recommendation guidelines for such an attempt. However, the plausibility and predictive factors for a second TFR (TFR) have yet to be reported.

Histologically confirmed distant metastatic urothelial carcinoma from the urinary bladder: a retrospective review of one institution's 20-year experience.

Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) accounts for roughly 90% of bladder cancer, and has a high propensity for diverse differentiation. Recently, certain histologic variants of UC have been recognized to be associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Several UC studies have also suggested that tumor budding is a poor prognostic marker.

Double cocktail immunostains with high molecular weight cytokeratin and GATA-3: useful stain to discriminate in situ involvement of prostatic ducts or acini from stromal invasion by urothelial carcinoma in the prostate.

Background: Distinguishing prostatic stromal invasion (PSI) by urothelial carcinoma (UC) from in situ UC involving prostatic ducts or acini with no stromal invasion (in situ involvement) may be challenging on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. However, the distinction between them is important because cases with PSI show worse prognosis. This study was performed to assess the utility of double cocktail immunostains with high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK) and GATA-3 to discriminate PSI by UC from in situ UC involvement of prostatic ducts or acini in the prostate.

Privacy-Preserving Predictive Modeling: Harmonization of Contextual Embeddings From Different Sources.

Background: Data sharing has been a big challenge in biomedical informatics because of privacy concerns. Contextual embedding models have demonstrated a very strong representative capability to describe medical concepts (and their context), and they have shown promise as an alternative way to support deep-learning applications without the need to disclose original data. However, contextual embedding models acquired from individual hospitals cannot be directly combined because their embedding spaces are different, and naive pooling renders combined embeddings useless.

Privacy-Preserving Patient Similarity Learning in a Federated Environment: Development and Analysis.

Background: There is an urgent need for the development of global analytic frameworks that can perform analyses in a privacy-preserving federated environment across multiple institutions without privacy leakage. A few studies on the topic of federated medical analysis have been conducted recently with the focus on several algorithms. However, none of them have solved similar patient matching, which is useful for applications such as cohort construction for cross-institution observational studies, disease surveillance, and clinical trials recruitment.

Skin metastases in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma: a case report and a review of the literature.

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is a high mortality neoplasm in gynecologic malignancy. It usually can metastasize to distant organs such as pleura, liver, lung, and lymph nodes. However, the skin metastases are not common and related to very poor prognosis.

Pitfalls of Frozen Section Diagnosis for Paraganglioma: A Clinicopathologic Analysis and Review of the Literature.

Few paraganglioma (PG) cases include frozen section diagnoses, and therefore, the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis for PG remains unknown. To better understand the histologic characteristics and pitfalls of frozen section findings for PG, 15 PG cases with frozen section diagnoses were selected from 12 articles through PubMed (1984-2015). In addition, we included 3 cases of PG for which intraoperative consultations were requested during a 5-year period (2012-2016) in 2 hospitals.

Evaluation of Ki-67 Index in Core Needle Biopsies and Matched Breast Cancer Surgical Specimens.

Context: - The Ki-67 index is strongly prognostic and is used as a surrogate marker to distinguish luminal A from luminal B breast cancer types.

Objective: - To investigate differences in Ki-67 index between core needle biopsy samples and matched surgical samples in breast cancer.

Design: - We included patients with invasive breast cancer who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy.

Interleaved incremental association Markov blanket as a potential feature selection method for improving accuracy in near-infrared spectroscopic analysis.

The interleaved Incremental Association Markov Blanket (inter-IAMB) is described herein as a feature selection method for the NIR spectroscopic analysis of several samples (diesel, gasoline, and etchant solutions). Although the Markov blanket (MB) has been proven to be the minimal optimal set of features (variables) that does not change the original target distribution, variables selected by the existing IAMB algorithm could be redundant and/or misleading as the IAMB requires an unnecessarily large amount of learning data to identify the MB. Use of the inter-IAMB interleaving the grow phase with the shrink phase to maintain the size of the MB as small as possible by immediately eliminating invalid candidates could overcome this drawback.

Urine cytology findings of primary paraganglioma of the urinary bladder: Case report.

Paraganglioma (PG) of the urinary bladder was detected in a 64-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital with gross hematuria. In voided urine, atypical cells were scattered as nests and single cells on low-power view. On higher-power view, tumor nests were composed of epithelioid cells with fine chromatin and moderate cytoplasm admixed with occasional spindle sustentacular cells.

Three-dimensional assessment of condylar surface changes and remodeling after orthognathic surgery.

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate condylar surface changes and remodeling after orthognathic surgery using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) imaging, including comparisons between the right and left sides and between the sexes.

Materials And Methods: Forty patients (20 males and 20 females) who underwent multi-detector CT examinations before and after surgery were selected. Three-dimensional images comprising thousands of points on the condylar surface were obtained before and after surgery.

Bilateral postoperative maxillary cysts after orthognathic surgery: A case report.

Postoperative maxillary cysts are locally aggressive lesions, usually developing as delayed complications many years after radical antral surgery. This report describes a case of bilateral postoperative maxillary cysts following orthognathic surgery performed approximately 21 years previously. The patient complained of stinging pain on her right cheek.

Four human cases of Diphyllobothrium latum infection.

Diphyllobothrium latum infections in 4 young Korean men detected from 2008 to 2012 are presented. Three were diagnosed based on spontaneously discharged strobila of the adult worm in their feces, and 1 case was diagnosed by finding the worm at colonoscopy examination in a local clinic. The morphologic characteristics of the gravid proglottid and eggs were consistent with D.

Isolation and characterization of a Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) gene and their differential expression in response to abiotic stresses from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer.

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamate to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). A full-length cDNA encoding GAD (designated as PgGAD) was isolated and characterized from the root of Panax ginseng C. A.

Isolation and characterization of a novel short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Panax ginseng.

The cDNA of alcohol dehydrogenase (PgADH) was isolated and characterized from the leaf of Panax ginseng. The cDNA had an open reading frame of 801 bp and a deduced amino acid sequence of 266 residues. The calculated molecular mass of the mature protein is approximately 29 kDa with a predicated isoelectric point of 6.

Isolation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase gene from Panax ginseng C.A. meyer and analysis of its response to abiotic stresses.

A cDNA clone containing a S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (SAMS) gene, named as PgSAM, was isolated from a commercial medicinal plant Panax ginseng. PgSAM is predicted to encode a precursor protein of 307 amino acid residues, and its sequence shares high homology with a number of other plant SAMS. PgSAM is expressed at different levels in various organs of ginseng.

Studies on the surface chemistry based on competive adsorption of NOx-SO2 onto a KOH impregnated activated carbon in excess O2.

This study identifies surface chemistry characteristics based on competitive behavior in the simultaneous adsorption behavior of NOx (NO rich) and SO2 using KOH impregnated activated carbon (K-IAC) in excess O2. The NOx and SO2 adsorption on K-IAC occurred mainly through the acid-base reaction. The high surface area with many pores of activated carbon acted as storage places of oxide crystal produced from NOx and SO2 adsorption.