Assessment of the effect of non-ionic surfactant alkylphenol ethoxylates on the penetration of pesticides in fresh produce.

Understanding the penetration behaviour of pesticide active ingredient (AI) in the presence of adjuvants is important in managing application efficacy and minimizing residues. This study investigates the impact of non-ionic surfactant alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) on the penetration of two pesticides, systemic thiabendazole and non-systemic phosmet, in apple and spinach. Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) was employed using two different detection methods, namely XZ depth mapping and XY area mapping, in conjunction with liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate the penetration of various pesticide formulations over time.

Impact of Dietary Fat and Oral Delivery System on Cannabigerol Pharmacokinetics in Adults.

Cannabigerol (CBG) is a nonintoxicating cannabinoid synthesized in the plant that is incorporated into dietary supplements. This study investigated the influence of dietary fat and an emulsified delivery vehicle on CBG pharmacokinetics (PKs) after oral ingestion by adults. Consented participants were enrolled in a double-crossover pilot study and were blinded to the delivery vehicle type (isolate or emulsification) and isocaloric meal condition (low-fat=<5 g fat/meal or high-fat [HF]=>30 g fat/meal).

Changes in anxiety and depression levels and meat intake following recognition of low genetic risk for high body mass index, triglycerides, and lipoproteins: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Psychological status affects dietary intake, and recognizing genetic information can lead to behavior changes by influencing psychological factors such as anxiety or depression.

Objectives: In this study, we examined the effects of disclosing genetic information on anxiety or depression levels and the association between these psychological factors and dietary intake.

Methods: A total of 100 healthy adults were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 65) informed about their genetic test results regarding body mass index and lipid profiles (triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations) and a not-informed control group (CON, n = 35).

Development of a quantitative screening method for pesticide multiresidues in orange, chili pepper, and brown rice using gas chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry with dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure chemical ionization.

A rapid screening method for the quantitative analysis of pesticide multiresidues using a high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) with a dopant-assisted gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (GC-APCI) technique were developed. For convenient and constant supply of APCI dopant, a large-volume dopant bottle with a bypass valve was newly designed, and the developed method was tested with 415 pesticide mixtures for representative produce (orange, chili pepper, and brown rice). Methanol-enriched nitrogen gas was used to produce protonated molecular [M + H] ions, and fragment ions were produced by broad-band collision-induced dissociation mode.

Method for the simultaneous analysis of 300 pesticide residues in hair by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, and its application to biomonitoring of agricultural workers.

Multiresidual pesticide analysis in hair can provide useful perspectives on the relationship between pesticides and human health. To establish a rapid and simultaneous analytical method using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, optimization of hair pulverization, extraction solvent and purification with dispersive SPE was performed for 300 pesticides. Hair pulverization was standardized with a ball mill, at 30 Hz for 20 min (10 min twice), using 3-mm diameter beads.

Targeted toxicometabolomics of endosulfan sulfate in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) using GC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode.

Endosulfan sulfate is a major oxidative metabolite of the chlorinated insecticide endosulfan. In this study, a targeted metabolomics approach was used to investigate the toxic mechanisms of endosulfan sulfate in adult zebrafish using the multiple reaction monitoring mode of a GC-MS/MS. The LC of endosulfan sulfate in adult zebrafish was determined and then zebrafish were exposed to endosulfan sulfate at one-tenth the LC (0.

Dissipation of the Insecticide Cyantraniliprole and Its Metabolite IN-J9Z38 in Proso Millet during Cultivation.

The dissipation patterns of cyantraniliprole and its metabolite IN-J9Z38 were investigated using proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) under open-field conditions to establish a pre-harvest interval. A simple and sensitive analytical method was developed for analyzing residues using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for multiple reaction monitoring of target compounds. The analytical method was validated in terms of the instrumental limit of quantitation, method limit of quantitation, linearity, accuracy, and precision.

A Quantitative Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Scaled-Down QuEChERS Approach for Simultaneous Analysis of Pesticide Multiresidues in Human Urine.

Multiresidual pesticide determination in a biological sample is essential for an immediate decision and response related to various pesticide intoxications. A rapid and simultaneous analytical method for 260 pesticides in human urine was developed and validated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). High speed positive/negative switching electrospray ionization (ESI) mode was used, and scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was optimized.

Simultaneous analysis of 310 pesticide multiresidues using UHPLC-MS/MS in brown rice, orange, and spinach.

In this study, we developed a multiresidue method for the analysis of 310 pesticides in representative agricultural produce (brown rice, orange, and spinach) using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) combined with a modified QuEChERS procedure. The optimal mobile phase composition (Methanol containing 5 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid) produced high sensitivity and reliable results.

The bone anabolic effects of irisin are through preferential stimulation of aerobic glycolysis.

Irisin, a recently identified hormone secreted by skeletal muscle in response to exercise, exhibits anabolic effects on the skeleton primarily through the stimulation of bone formation. However, the mechanism underlying the irisin-stimulated anabolic response remains largely unknown. To uncover the underlying mechanism, we biosynthesized recombinant irisin (r-irisin) using an Escherichia coli expression system and used it to treat several osteoblast cell types.

Validation of a Multiresidue Analysis Method for 379 Pesticides in Human Serum Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

A screening method for simultaneous analysis of 379 pesticides in human serum was developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Electrospray ionization with positive/negative switching mode of LC-MS/MS was adopted, and scheduled multiple reaction monitoring for each target compound was established. The limit of quantitation was 10 ng/mL for 94.

Whole body dosimetry and risk assessment of agricultural operator exposure to the fungicide kresoxim-methyl in apple orchards.

This study examined dermal and inhalation exposure of agricultural operators to kresoxim-methyl during pesticide mixing/loading and speed sprayer application (10 replicates, each of 3000 L of spray suspension) in an apple orchard and performed risk assessment. For the whole body dosimetry (WBD) exposure protocol, outer clothing, inner clothing, gauze, and nitrile gloves were examined to measure dermal exposure. In contrast, an IOM (institute of occupational medicine) sampler with a glass fiber filter was used to measure inhalation exposure.

Preferred Compression Threshold and Release Time in Quiet and Noisy Conditions for Elderly Korean Hearing Aid Users.

Background And Objectives: Listeners with sensorineural hearing loss want to compensate for their narrow dynamic range from appropriate compression functions of hearing aids. The present study aimed to determine which compression threshold and release time of nonlinear hearing aids might affect speech recognition and speech quality judgments.

Subjects And Methods: Ten elderly listeners with symmetrical moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss participated in the study.

The Gaps between Knowing and Doing in Hearing Aid Fitting Management.

Evidence based practice has become an important aspect in many healthcare provisions to improve patient outcomes. Investigating the gaps between knowing and doing in audiology practice will provide future directions for successful service delivery. The purpose of this study was to explore "know-do" gaps related to professional awareness and attitude in hearing aid fitting management (HAFM) by analyzing data of a questionnaire.

Rapid and Simultaneous Analysis of 360 Pesticides in Brown Rice, Spinach, Orange, and Potato Using Microbore GC-MS/MS.

A multiresidue method for the simultaneous and rapid analysis of 360 pesticides in representative agricultural produce (brown rice, orange, spinach, and potato) was developed using a modified QuEChERS procedure combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Selected reaction monitoring transition parameters (e.g.

A Systematic Review of Audiology Terminology.

The present report provides an overview of terminology studies in audiology including topics and study characteristics, as well as categorizing the main issues. The goals are to improve the understanding of the current issues for terminology in audiology and to provide some basic information that will be useful to develop an international standard. Search procedures were completed over two phases.

General Framework of Hearing Aid Fitting Management.

Hearing aids are one of the most widely used treatment options for the hearing impaired and optimal outcomes of hearing aids are supported by comprehensive hearing aid fitting protocols. Currently, the term 'hearing aid fitting' is prevalently used among service and industry sectors with its comprehensive procedures not systematically explicated. In addition, a variety of non-normalized guidelines for hearing aid fitting has led to non-uniform care, outcome variability, and dissatisfaction of the use of hearing aids.

Hearing Thresholds for a Geriatric Population Composed of Korean Males and Females.

Background And Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to provide the hearing threshold levels in the elderly Korean population, and to compare Korean data with that in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 7029 (2000).

Subjects And Methods: Data were collected from a total of 526 ears from 112 males and 151 females aged 60-84 years. All participants were screened otologically by the procedure given in ISO 8253-1 (2010).

Test-Retest Reliability of Word Recognition Score Using Korean Standard Monosyllabic Word Lists for Adults as a Function of the Number of Test Words.

Background And Objectives: The purpose was to establish the test-retest reliability of word recognition score (WRS) using Korean standard monosyllabic word lists for adults (KS-MWL-A) recently developed based on the international standard for speech audiometry (ISO 8253-3:2012).

Subjects And Methods: Subjects consisted of 159 adults aged to 18 to 25 years with normal hearing sensitivity. WRSs were obtained in 2 dB steps from the level of speech recognition thresholds to the level of 86% correct responses or greater.

Phoneme-based self hearing assessment on a smartphone.

Phonemes provide an interesting alternative to pure tones in hearing tests.We propose a new smartphone-based method for self-hearing assessment using the four Korean phonemes which are similar to the English phonemes /a/, /i/, /sh/, and /s/. We conducted tests on 15 subjects diagnosed with mild to severe hearing loss and estimated their conventional pure-tone hearing thresholds from their phoneme hearing thresholds using regression analysis.

Study on self hearing assessment using speech sounds.

In this study, we proposed new self assessment of hearing loss in mobile phones and realized a function of compensation for hearing impaired person. The results of experiments on mobile phone showed that the proposed hearing test is sufficient to check hearing loss and the compensation based on the result of the proposed hearing test can improve speech intelligibility of hearing impaired persons.

Reference sound pressure level for Korean speech audiometry.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the reference sound pressure level (RSPL) for Korean speech audiometry which was defined as the reference speech recognition threshold level (RSRTL) equivalent to 0 dB HL at the audiometer.

Study Sample: Subjects consisted of 20 adults (40 ears) with normal hearing sensitivity.

Design: Puretone thresholds (PTs) were obtained in 2 dB steps at each octave band.