A Novel Eco-Friendly Process for the Synthesis and Purification of Ascorbyl-6-Oleates.

Commercial ascorbyl-6-O-esters (AEs) are composed of saturated fatty acids with relatively high melting points, resulting in limited solubility in lipophilic media. Therefore, a lipase-catalysed synthesis and purification method for ascorbyl-6-O-oleate (AO) was proposed in this study. The esterification synthesis (i.

Distribution of Dietary Phospholipids in Selected Agri-Foods: Versatile Nutraceutical Ingredients.

Phospholipids (PLs) play a crucial role in the nutraceutical field due to their various health benefits, including supporting acetylcholine production, enhancing cell membrane fluidity, and promoting cognitive functions. This study aimed to investigate the PL composition of selected agri-foods, including grains, vegetables, and fruits, and assess the effects of cooking methods. The major PLs identified in most agri-foods were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC).

Quantitative Analysis of Nervonic and Erucic Acids in Human Milk: Comparison with Infant Formula with Different Fat Sources and Nutritional Stages.

This study aims to quantitatively analyze nervonic (C24:1 n-9) and erucic (C22:1 n-9) acids in human milk (HM) collected from Korean mothers, along with the infant formulas (IFs) with different fat sources and nutritional stages. The content of nervonic and erucic acids in HM from Korean mothers were 2.13 and 2.

Migration Degree of Selected Mycotoxins in the Distillation Process and Their Determination in Distilled Spirits from Pilot-Scale Continuous Distillation.

Mycotoxins (ochratoxin A (20 ppb), aflatoxin B1 (40 ppb), deoxynivalenol (4 ppm), and zearalenone (800 ppb)) were intentionally added to rice bran raw materials. After fermentation, their contents were determined in the distillate and distillery stillage obtained using single-stage and continuous pilot plant-scale columns. After single-stage distillation, aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone were not detected in the distillate, indicating that even if a certain amount (four times the maximum residue limit (MRL)) was present in the raw material, it would not remain in the distillate after fermentation and distillation.

Oxidation stability of oil-in-water emulsion prepared from perilla seed oil and soy sauce with high salt concentration using OSA-starch.

The O/W emulsions were prepared using perilla seed oil (PSO) dispersed in soy sauce (PSE) and in distilled water (PWE), respectively. Octenyl succinic anhydride-modified starch (OSA starch, 3 wt%) showed the most efficient emulsifying ability and its stabilities of emulsion and oxidation in PSE and PWE were studied at different storage periods (0, 4, and 8 weeks) and temperatures (4, 25, and 40 °C). Negligible change in droplet diameter of PSE was observed without coalescence or flocculation during storing for 8 weeks at 4 °C.

Lipase-catalyzed preparation of deacidified Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus) oil.

Buah Merah oil (BMO) is unrefined edible oil containing a high level of free fatty acids (FFA; ∼30% w/w). This study was aimed at preparing deacidified BMO from BMO via lipase-catalyzed esterification of FFA in BMO with added glycerol, using Duolite A568-immobilized Eversa Transform 2.0 (Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase) as biocatalyst.

Compositional Study of Phospholipids from the Dried Big Head and Opossum Shrimp, Mussel, and Sea Cucumber Using P NMR Spectroscopy: Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Plasmalogen.

Herein, we present a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the compositions of plasmalogens and phospholipids (PLs) in dried big head shrimp (Solenocera melantho), opossum shrimp (Neomysis awatschensis), mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), and sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). We also analyze the fatty acid composition of the extracted lipids, phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho), and plasmalogen choline (PlsCho) from each sample. In big head shrimp, opossum shrimp, and mussel, phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho) was the most abundant PL at 1677.

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Associated With Crystalline Silica Exposure in Pneumoconiosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: We aimed to identify a relation between the level of silica exposure and the associated increase in the risk of radiologic usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern.

Methods: We selected data of 796 individuals with pneumoconiosis who had undergone a chest computed tomography (CT). We estimated the silica exposure by comparing their occupational history with the data silica dust exposure.

Development and Physicochemical Properties of Low Saturation Alternative Fat for Whipping Cream.

We developed an alternative whipping cream fat using shea butter but with low saturation. Enriched stearic-oleic-stearic (SOS) solid fat was obtained from shea butter via solvent fractionation. Acyl migration reactant, which mainly contains asymmetric SSO triacylglycerol (TAG), was prepared through enzymatic acyl migration to obtain the creaming quality derived from the β'-crystal form.

Presence of Cholesterol in Non-Animal Organisms: Identification and Quantification of Cholesterol in Crude Seed Oil from and Dehydrated .

Studies have reported that cholesterol, a molecule found mainly in animals, is also present in some plants and algae. This study aimed to determine whether cholesterol exists in three dehydrated algae species, namely, and , and in one plant species, namely, (four perilla seed oil samples were analyzed). These species were chosen for investigation because they are common ingredients in East Asian cuisine.

Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica in municipal household waste collection and road cleaning workers.

Despite the increase in the number of cases among South Korean sanitation workers, lung cancer as a result of exposure to occupational carcinogen has not been sufficiently investigated. This study aimed to identify exposure levels of sanitation workers to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) for various tasks and factors that affect individual RCS exposure. Exposure to RCS was assessed for 90 sanitation workers from seven companies.

Workers' Exposure to Indium Compounds at the Electronics Industry in Republic of Korea.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide baseline data for the assessment of exposure to indium and to prevent adverse health effects among workers engaged in the electronics and related industries in Republic of Korea.

Methods: Total (n = 369) and respirable (n = 384) indium concentrations were monitored using personal air sampling in workers at the following 19 workplaces: six sputtering target manufacturing companies, four manufacturing companies of panel displays, two companies engaged in cleaning of sputtering components, two companies dedicated to the cleaning of sputtering target, and five indium recycling companies.

Results: The level of exposure to total indium ranged from 0.

Effect of Fermentation on Cyanide and Ethyl Carbamate Contents in Cassava Flour and Evaluation of Their Mass Balance during Lab-Scale Continuous Distillation.

When cassava is used for the production of distilled spirits through fermentation and distillation, toxic hydrogen cyanide () is released from linamarin and carcinogenic ethyl carbamate is produced. Herein, cyanide and ethyl carbamate contents were monitored during the fermentation and lab-scale continuous distillation processes. Thereafter, mass balance and the influence of copper chips were evaluated.

Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Indium Dust for Indium-Tin-Oxide Manufacturing Workers.

According to recent research, indium nanoparticles (NPs) are more toxic than micro-sized particles. While cases of indium lung disease have been reported worldwide, very little research has been conducted on the occupational exposure to indium NPs. Recently, an indium-related lung disease was reported in Korea, a global powerhouse for display manufacturing.

Correlations of Fat Content in Human Milk with Fat Droplet Size and Phospholipid Species.

Fat globule size and phospholipid (PL) content in human milk (HM) were investigated. HM was classified into three groups depending on fat content (A < B < C). PL content (mg/100 g HM) was significantly higher in the C group ( < 0.

Characteristics of Occupational Exposure to Diesel Engine Exhaust for Shipyard Transporter Signal Workers.

: Workers performing signal work for a heavy-duty shipyard transporter are exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DEE), which is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Here, we evaluate DEE exposure levels for workers engaged in shipyard transporter signal work through measurement of respirable elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and total carbon (TC), and identify the factors affecting exposure. : Sixty signal workers were selected, and measured samples were analyzed by thermo-optical transmittance.

Determination of acetaldehyde, methanol and fusel oils in distilled liquors and sakès by headspace gas chromatography.

In this study, a headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) method was carried out to determine the contents of acetaldehyde, methanol and fusel oils in distilled liquors and sakès from different countries. A DB-Wax column was adopted in HS-GC, which showed good linearity, high precision and accuracy and low LOQ and LOD on all the compounds. Results showed that distilled liquors contained higher levels of acetaldehyde with the values of 12.

Evaluation of Oxidation Parameters of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Comparing with Caffeic Acid, Ascorbyl Palmitate, and α-Tocopherol on the Thermal Oxidation Model.

In this study, the antioxidative capacity of caffeic acid (CA), ascorbyl palmitate (AP), α-tocopherol (α-TO), and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was evaluated under the thermal oxidation model, in which 200 ppm of each compound was added to soybean oil, followed by thermal oxidation at 180°C for 32 h. Change of viscosity, acid value (AV), conjugated dienoic acid value (CDAV), p-anisidine value (p-AV), total polar materials (TPM), and the ratio of C18:2 to C16:0 (LA/PA) were evaluated during the reaction. All antioxidants showed significantly lower viscosity, TPM, and p-AV, and higher LA/PA, than the control (without antioxidant, CON), indicating that thermal oxidation was delayed.

Intranasal delivery of cancer-targeting doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles arrests glioblastoma growth.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumour and treatment is very challenging. Despite the recent advances in drug delivery systems, various approaches that allow sufficient deposition of anti-cancer drugs within the brain remain unsuccessful due to limited drug delivery throughout the brain. In this study, we utilised an intranasal (IN) approach to allow delivery of anti-cancer drug, encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (NPs).

Evaluation model for cocoa butter equivalents based on fatty acid compositions and triacylglycerol patterns.

An effective evaluation model was established to digitize the quality of cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) based on determinations of total and sn-2 fatty acid compositions and triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles and the "deducting score" principle. Similarity scores for selected fats and oils calculated from the model revealed differences between them and parallel cocoa butter compositions. For CBE1 and CBE2, total similarity scores were 90.

A Study on the Relationship of Fat Content in Human Milk on Carotenoids Content and Fatty Acid Compositions in Korea.

Thirty-four samples of human milk (HM) collected from mothers in Korea were classified into three groups according to their fat content. The lutein + zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, lycopene, α-carotene, and fatty acids (FAs) present in the HM were quantitatively analyzed. Lutein + zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin were the most abundant carotenoid components in this study, followed by β-carotene.

Approach Study for Mass Balance of Pesticide Residues in Distillers' Stillage along with Distillate and Absence Verification of Pesticides in Distilled Spirits from Pilot-Scale of Distillation Column.

Herein, contaminants remaining in distillate and distillers' stillage were quantitatively measured after distillation. After rice bran powder was contaminated with 10 ppm of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) or 0.02-1.

In Vitro Study for Lipolysis of Soybean Oil, Pomegranate Oil, and Their Blended and Interesterified Oils under a pH-Stat Model and a Simulated Model of Small Intestinal Digestion.

In this study, two in vitro digestion models were employed to compare the rate of lipolysis in soybean oil (SBO), pomegranate oil (PGO), a physical blend (PHY, 1:1 molar ratio of SBO:PGO, /), and their enzymatically interesterified oil (IO). In the pH-stat digestion model (emulsified oils with bile salts), PGO emulsion containing 74.7% conjugated form of linolenic acid (CLn) showed a significantly lower release rate of free fatty acid (FFA) than the other oil emulsions ( < 0.

Cu(OTf)-Promoted 1,4-Addition of Alkyl Bromides to Dehydroalanine.

Zn/Cu(OTf)-mediated addition of alkyl bromides to dehydroalanine (Dha) derivatives including dipeptides and tripeptides in good to high yields under an aqueous medium was developed. This protocol allows selective and biocompatible access to various amino acid units from Dha derivatives.

Comparison of antioxidant capacity of 4-vinylguaiacol with catechin and ferulic acid in oil-in-water emulsion.

The product of ferulic acid decarboxylation, 4-vinylguaiacol (4-VG), is an important antioxidant and is reported to have an antioxidant capacity comparable to α-tocopherol. In this study, evaluation on antioxidant capacities of ferulic acid, catechin, and 4-VG was performed when 200 ppm of each compound was added in a 10% O/W emulsion for 50 days. Peroxide value (POV) results of the O/W emulsion containing 4-VG were noteworthy.