Impacts of residential environment on residents' place attachment, satisfaction, WOM, and pro-environmental behavior: evidence from the Korean housing industry.

This study considers seven residential environment elements and examines their effect on residents' place attachment (place dependence and place identity), satisfaction, word-of-mouth behavior, and pro-environmental behavior. The study also examines whether gender moderates the proposed relationships. The data were collected from 603 respondents who owned a condominium in Seoul, South Korea.

An Encoder-Decoder Architecture within a Classical Signal-Processing Framework for Real-Time Barcode Segmentation.

In this work, two methods are proposed for solving the problem of one-dimensional barcode segmentation in images, with an emphasis on augmented reality (AR) applications. These methods take the partial discrete Radon transform as a building block. The first proposed method uses overlapping tiles for obtaining good angle precision while maintaining good spatial precision.

Wavefront Characteristics of a Digital Holographic Optical Element.

In this study, a 50 × 50 mm holographic optical element (HOE) with the property of a spherical mirror was recorded digitally on a silver halide photoplate using a wavefront printing method. It consisted of 51 × 96 hologram spots with each spot measuring 0.98 × 0.

Evaluation of eye response using a wearable display with automatic interpupillary distance adjustment.

In this study, we introduce a design for a near-eye, wearable display (HMD: head mounted display) that can automatically control the user's interpupillary distance (IPD). In addition, we demonstrate a test-bed module for the wearable AR display based on proposed design. Both the adjustment accuracy and the viewing effect through distance matching between the user's eyes are evaluated by the user's experience in actual wearing of the module.

Static moiré patterns in moving grids.

We describe an optical phenomenon of unmovable moiré patterns in sliding (moving) grids and gratings. The phenomenon was observed visually in the planar straight movement of the black-and-white gratings with a period of several mm. This is a velocity-independent effect confirmed analytically and in a computer simulation based on the spatial averaging.

Moiré patterns in non-parallel surfaces such as wedge.

The moiré effect in 3D objects with planar facets is considered. The projected period of the inclined periodic grating was found. The formula for the period of the moiré patterns in inclined plain surfaces was obtained for objects with arbitrary oriented plain facets, namely, the parallelepiped and the prism (parallel and non-parallel facets).

Hand-held aperture-sharing camera for a multiview image set.

A hand-held camera that is capable of acquiring full parallax multiview images is introduced. Since the camera is based on spatial sharing of the aperture stop of a digital camera, it is easy to manufacture. The aperture stop is spatially shared by a 2D high-speed liquid crystal (LC) shutter array that is fixed on the front surface of the camera objective.

Electro-holographic display using a ZBLAN glass as the image space.

An Er-doped ZBLAN glass is used to display a 360° viewable reconstructed image from a hologram on a DMD. The reconstructed image, when the hologram is illuminated by a 852 nm wavelength laser beam, is situated at the inside of the glass, and then a 1530 nm wavelength laser beam is crossed through the image to light it with an upconversion green light, which is viewable at all surrounding directions. This enables us to eliminate the limitation of the viewing zone angle imposed by the finite size of pixels in electro-holographic displays based on digital display chips/panels.

Fringe periods of color moirés in contact-type 3-D displays.

A mathematical formula of calculating the fringe periods of the color moirés appearing at the contact-type 3-D displays is derived. It is typical that the color moirés are chirped and the period of the line pattern in viewing zone forming optics is more than two times of that of the pixel pattern in the display panel. These make impossible to calculate the fringe periods of the color moirés with the conventional beat frequency formula.

The effects of MPE on electro-holographic displays.

The effects of MPE (maximum permissible exposure) on the characteristics of electro-holographic displays are analyzed. The main effect is the reduction in the spectral range to be presented by the displays. The range will be reduced more as the pixel and hologram sizes of the displays become smaller and larger, respectively.

A floating type holographic display.

A floating image type holographic display which projects an electronically generated holographic image together with a background image displayed on a monitor/TV to enhance the visual effects of the former image is introduced. This display can display a holographic image with a spatial volume floating in the front space of the display with use of PDLC sheets as the focused plane of the image. This display can preserve and enhance the main property of holographic image from a display chip, i.

Holographic display based on a spatial DMD array.

The image space of the reconstructed image from the hologram displayed on a digital micromirror device (DMD) is defined by the diffraction pattern induced by the 2D pixel pattern of the DMD, which works as a 2D blazed grating. Within this space, a reconstructed image of 100 mm × 20 mm is spatially multiplexed by a 2 × 5 DMD array that is aligned on a board, without using any extra optics. Each DMD chip reconstructs an image piece of the size 20 mm (width) × 10 mm (height).

Depth resolution in three-dimensional images.

The depth of field of a camera defines the depth range to be covered by the camera. In 3D images, the resolvable depth range is also determined by the depth of field (DOF). Hence the depth resolution and resolvable number of depth layers obtainable with a given 3D display will be defined within the DOF when the display has the same resolution as the total camera resolution of the array in the horizontal direction.

Characteristics of composite images in multiview imaging and integral photography.

The compositions of images projected to a viewer's eyes from the various viewing regions of the viewing zone formed in one-dimensional integral photography (IP) and multiview imaging (MV) are identified. These compositions indicate that they are made up of pieces from different view images. Comparisons of the composite images with images composited at various regions of imaging space formed by camera arrays for multiview image acquisition reveal that the composite images do not involve any scene folding in the central viewing zone for either MV or IP.

Characteristics of stereo images from detectors in focal plane array.

The equivalent ray geometry of two horizontally aligned detectors at the focal plane of the main antenna in a millimeter wave imaging system is analyzed to reveal the reason why the images from the detectors are fused as an image with a depth sense. Scanning the main antenna in both horizontal and vertical directions makes each detector perform as a camera, and the two detectors can work like a stereo camera in the millimeter wave range. However, the stereo camera geometry is different from that of the stereo camera used in the visual spectral range because the detectors' viewing directions are diverging to each other and they are a certain distance apart.

Real-time outdoor concealed-object detection with passive millimeter wave imaging.

Millimeter wave imaging is finding rapid adoption in security applications such as the detection of objects concealed under clothing. A passive imaging system can be realized as a stand-off type sensor that can operate in open spaces, both indoors and outdoors. In this paper, we address real-time outdoor concealed-object detection and segmentation with a radiometric imaging system operating in the W-band.

Automatic image segmentation for concealed object detection using the expectation-maximization algorithm.

We address an image segmentation method to detect concealed objects captured by passive millimeter wave (MMW) imaging. Passive MMW imaging can create interpretable imagery on the objects concealed under clothing, which gives the great advantage to the security system. In this paper, we propose the multi-level expectation maximization (EM) method to separate the concealed objects from the other area in the image.

Stereoscopic imaging and display for a 3-D mobile phone.

There is growing interest in imaging and display of stereoscopic images on a mobile phone. Mobile phone users can capture a stereo image pair by taking two pictures, one after another, with a single camera at the left and right eye positions. Such a handheld setup makes it difficult to take the stereo image pair at the exact positions.

Evaluation of the monocular depth cue in 3D displays.

Binocular disparity and monocular depth information are the principal functions of ideal 3D displays. 3D display systems such as stereoscopic or multi-view, super multi-view (SMV), and multi-focus (MF) displays were considered for the testing of the satisfaction level with the monocular accommodation of three different depths of 3D object points. The numerical simulation and experimental results show that the MF 3D display gives a monocular depth cue.

Mesoporous Silicon with Modified Surface for Plant Viruses and Their Protein Particle Sensing.

Changes in electric parameters of a mesoporous silicon treated by a plasma chemical etching with fluorine and hydrogen ions, under the adsorption of NEPO (Nematodetransmitted Polyhedral) plant viruses such as TORSV (Tomato Ringspot Virus), GFLV (Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus) and protein macromolecule from TORSV particles are described. The current response to the applied voltage is measured for each virus particle to investigate the material parameters which are sensitive to the adsorbed particles. The peculiar behaviors of the response are modeled by the current-voltage relationship in a MOSFET.

Stereoscopic image distortion in radial camera and projector configurations.

A closed-form solution of describing perceived image in stereoscopic imaging systems with radial recording and projecting geometry for arbitrary viewer positions is presented. This solution is derived by finding a condition for making the heights of homolog points in both left and right images projected on the screen in the geometry equal. The solution has the same equation form as that of the parallel geometry except that it has a constant shifting term in the horizontal direction.

Pixel patterns for voxels in a contact-type three-dimensional imaging system for full-parallax image display.

Incomplete voxels, which can be seen only at a part of the viewing zone's cross section in the optical configuration of a full parallax multiview imaging system based on a two-dimensional point light source array, are identified. Their corresponding pixel patterns are found to maximize the space where the voxels can exist in the configuration and to increase the voxel resolution of the displayable three-dimensional images. Furthermore, the pixel patterns for the rhomb-shaped pixel cells are also defined, and some problems related to voxel-based image synthesis are discussed.

Characteristics of pixel arrangements in various rhombuses for full-parallax three-dimensional image generation.

In full-parallax three-dimensional (3-D) imaging systems, the pixel cells often have the shape of a rhombus. Proper arrangement of pixels in these rhombic-shaped cells is important to maximize the quality of displayable 3-D images with a given display panel. The possible number of pixel arrangements in a rhombic cell with a definite dimension is found by considering the number of possible crossings between parallel line families forming the pixel cells, when the slopes of the lines are approximated by the ratio between the number of pixels in the vertical and horizontal directions.

Depth resolution and displayable depth of a scene in three-dimensional images.

The depth resolution and the recordable object depth range, obtainable with parallel, toed-in and sliding aperture camera configurations for multiview image acquisition in the three-dimensional imaging systems, are found by assuming that the camera lens resolution is diffraction limited and the resolution of the recorded image is limited by a pixel pitch of the imaging sensor. The depth resolution for the holographic image is calculated and compared with that of the multiview images for the same parameter values. The influence of the viewer's eye resolution limit on the depth resolution of the multiview images and hologram is also found.