[F]FDG PET/CT is useful in discriminating invasive adenocarcinomas among pure ground-glass nodules: comparison with CT findings-a bicenter retrospective study.

Purpose: Predicting the malignancy of pure ground-glass nodules (GGNs) using CT is challenging. The optimal role of [F]FDG PET/CT in this context has not been clarified. We compared the performance of [F]FDG PET/CT in evaluating GGNs for predicting invasive adenocarcinomas (IACs) with CT.

Prone position PET/CT is useful in reducing gravity-dependent opacity-related [F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether performing [F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the prone position could reduce [F]FDG uptake in dependent lungs.

Methods: Patients who underwent [F]FDG PET/CT in both supine and prone positions from October 2018 to September 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. [F]FDG uptake of dependent and nondependent lungs was analysed visually and semi-quantitatively.

CT Findings of Thymic Epidermoid Cyst in the Anterior Mediastinum: A Case Report and Literature Review.

An epidermoid cyst is a benign tumor found anywhere in the body. However, the occurrence of epidermoid cysts in the thymus is extremely rare, with only six cases reported worldwide. The correct diagnosis of thymic epidermoid cysts is often difficult due to the unusual location and nonspecific imaging findings.

Tissue Fraction Correction and Visual Analysis Increase Diagnostic Sensitivity in Predicting Malignancy of Ground-Glass Nodules on [F]FDG PET/CT: A Bicenter Retrospective Study.

We investigated the role of [18F]FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in evaluating ground-glass nodules (GGNs) by visual analysis and tissue fraction correction. A total of 40 pathologically confirmed ≥1 cm GGNs were evaluated visually and semiquantitatively. [18F]FDG uptake of GGN distinct from background lung activity was considered positive in visual analysis.

Preoperative Helical Dynamic Enhanced Multidetector Row Computed Tomography: Can It Be a Prognostic Indicator in Early-Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer?

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography in patients with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 139 patients (77 men, 62 women; mean age, 59 years) with stage IA NSCLC who underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Data on age, pathologic subtype, peak enhancement, and net enhancement of primary lung cancer were collected and correlated with 5-year survival.

Lung Nodule Malignancy Prediction in Sequential CT Scans: Summary of ISBI 2018 Challenge.

Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death in the US. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of screening using low dose CT (LDCT) in reducing lung cancer related mortality. While lung nodules are detected with a high rate of sensitivity, this exam has a low specificity rate and it is still difficult to separate benign and malignant lesions.

Angiographic Findings of an Isolated Meandering Pulmonary Vein: A Case Report.

A meandering pulmonary vein (MPV) is a rare pulmonary vascular anomaly characterized by an abnormal course of the pulmonary vein draining into the left atrium. We report the case of a 55-year-old female who was diagnosed with a right MPV on pulmonary angiography. Enhanced chest CT revealed a vascular structure with an abnormal course that drained into the right superior pulmonary vein in the right upper lobe, which resembled a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM).

Prone position [F]FDG PET/CT to reduce respiratory motion artefacts in the evaluation of lung nodules.

Objectives: 2-Deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is widely used to evaluate lung nodules, although respiratory motion artefacts may occur. We investigated the value of prone position PET/CT (pPET/CT) in lung nodule evaluation compared with standard supine position PET/CT (sPET/CT).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 28 consecutive patients (20 men; age, 65.

Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) Mapping in Korean Patients With Crohn's Disease and Identification of Potential Causal Genes Through Integration With Disease Associations.

Background: Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) datasets have extensively been used to help interpret genome-wide association study signals. Most eQTL analyses have been conducted with populations of European ancestry.

Objective: To determine the most functionally relevant genes at the Crohn's disease (CD) loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving Asian populations and to find novel disease-associated genes, we conducted an eQTL analysis.

Clinical and Radiologic Findings of COVID-19 Pneumonia: South Korean Experience From Three Cases.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly around the world. Several articles have so far reported on radiological findings of COVID-19 pneumonia. Herein, we present three cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in South Korea, and provide clinical information as well as chest radiograph and chest CT findings.

Association of FUT2 and ABO with Crohn's disease in Koreans.

Background And Aim: Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) at 19q13 is a well-established susceptibility locus for Crohn's disease (CD) in Caucasians. FUT2 encodes α-1,2-fucosyltransferase that regulates the secretion of the α-1-2-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and α-1-3-galactosyltransferase (ABO) antigens in both the gastrointestinal mucosa and secretory glands. Given that CD is thought to arise from dysregulated mucosal immune responses to the gut flora and both the ABO blood group and the FUT2 secretor status affect the composition of the gut microbiota, the goal of this study was to evaluate the associations of variants of FUT2 and ABO with CD in Koreans.

Association of TRAP1 with infliximab-induced mucosal healing in Crohn's disease.

Background And Aim: Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, such as infliximab (IFX), have been increasingly used to induce and maintain disease remission in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Despite a considerable non-response rate, little is known about the genetic predictors of response to anti-TNF therapy in CD. Our aim in this study was to investigate the genetic factors associated with response to anti-TNF therapy in patients with CD.

Effects of smoking on the association of human leukocyte antigen with ulcerative colitis.

Background And Aim: Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for gastrointestinal disorders, causing mucosal damage and impairing immune responses. However, smoking has been found to be protective against ulcerative colitis (UC). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a major susceptibility locus for UC, and HLA-DRB1*15:02 has the strongest effect in Asians.

An Intergenic Variant rs9268877 Between HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB Contributes to the Clinical Course and Long-term Outcome of Ulcerative Colitis.

Background And Aims: The genetic contribution to the prognosis of ulcerative colitis [UC] is poorly understood, and most currently known susceptibility loci are not associated with prognosis. To identify genetic variants influencing the prognosis of UC, we performed an Immunochip-based study using an extreme phenotype approach.

Methods: Based on the finding that the only association, Pdiscovery-meta <1 × 10-4, was located in the human leukocyte antigen [HLA], we focused our analyses on the HLA region.

JOURNAL CLUB: Doubling Time of Thymic Epithelial Tumors Correlates With World Health Organization Histopathologic Classification.

Objective: Awareness of volume doubling times (VDTs) of different thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), including low- and high-grade thymomas and thymic carcinomas, is important for their management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the VDTs of incidentally found TETs using 3D volumetry (3D-VDT) and longest diameter (LD-VDT).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 50 patients (30 men, 20 women) who had histologically proven TETs and who underwent at least two serial CT studies at greater than 2-month intervals.

Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction-Applied Ultra-Low-Dose CT with Radiography-Comparable Radiation Dose: Usefulness for Lung Nodule Detection.

Objective: To assess the performance of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR)-applied ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT) in detecting small lung nodules.

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients underwent both ULDCT and standard dose CT (SCT). After determining the reference standard nodules, five observers, blinded to the reference standard reading results, independently evaluated SCT and both subsets of ASIR- and filtered back projection (FBP)-driven ULDCT images.

Perfusion- and pattern-based quantitative CT indexes using contrast-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography in diffuse interstitial lung disease: relationships with physiologic impairment and prediction of prognosis.

Objectives: To evaluate automated texture-based segmentation of dual-energy CT (DECT) images in diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) patients and prognostic stratification by overlapping morphologic and perfusion information of total lung.

Methods: Suspected DILD patients scheduled for surgical biopsy were prospectively included. Texture patterns included ground-glass opacity (GGO), reticulation and consolidation.

Thymic epithelial tumors: prognostic determinants among clinical, histopathologic, and computed tomography findings.

Background: The Masaoka-Koga staging system has been known as the strongest prognostic factor for both survival and recurrence of thymic epithelial tumor (TET). The purpose of our study was to find prognostic determinants among computed tomography (CT), histopathologic, and clinical features of TET.

Methods: Two radiologists reviewed retrospectively CT findings of 437 patients (male 242, female 195; mean age, 51 years) with TET.

Ultra-Low-Dose Chest CT in Patients with Neutropenic Fever and Hematologic Malignancy: Image Quality and Its Diagnostic Performance.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the image quality of ultra-low-dose computed tomography (ULDCT) and its diagnostic performance in making a specific diagnosis of pneumonia in febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancy.

Materials And Methods: ULDCT was performed prospectively in 207 febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancy. Three observers independently recorded the presence of lung parenchymal abnormality, and also indicated the cause of the lung parenchymal abnormality between infectious and noninfectious causes.

Clinical correlation of a new and practical magnetic resonance grading system for cervical foraminal stenosis assessment.

Background: No systematic and quantitative system for evaluation of cervical neural foraminal stenosis (CNFS) has been reported.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the new magnetic resonance (MR) grading system for CNFS correlates with clinical manifestations and to propose a modified grading system more useful for clinical practice.

Material And Methods: We examined 356 patients who underwent MR imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine.

Pure ground-glass opacity neoplastic lung nodules: histopathology, imaging, and management.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to discuss histologic diagnosis of pure pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules (GGNs), high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings and pathologic correlation, and management.

Conclusion: When pure GGNs are greater than 15 mm in diameter with nodularity or have high pixel attenuation (>-472 HU), the nodules are more likely to be invasive adenocarcinomas. Sublobar resection with a secured safety margin and without nodal dissection is performed for HRCT-suggested pure-GGN invasive adenocarcinomas and has a 100% 5-year survival rate.