Transformation of sperm structure in Octopus vulgaris: From spermatogenesis to spermatophoric release.

The present study describes the differentiation process of male germ cells in Octopus vulgaris, the morphology of sperm in the testis and spermatophore, and the sperm released after the spermatophoric reaction. During spermatogenesis, the male sperm cell gradually elongates from a round shape, with cytoplasm shifting toward the head and the acrosome forming. Additionally, in the spermatid stage, the flagellum develops within the posterior nuclear channel and extends outside the cytoplasm.

Expansion of the HSP70 gene family in Tegillarca granosa and expression profiles in response to zinc toxicity.

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient in organisms and an abundant element in the Earth's crust. Trace amounts of Zn released from natural sources can enter aquatic ecosystems through weathering and erosion. Zn accumulates in organisms, and when its intracellular concentration exceeds a certain level, it can induce oxidative stress and trigger oxidative stress-mediated heat shock protein (HSP) modulation.

Distribution of nephrons in the head kidney of three species of Sebastes (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae).

Nephrons are generally not distributed in the head kidney of teleost. Nonetheless, in this study, the nephron structure was identified in the head kidney of three species of Sebastes (Sebastes inermis, Sebastes schlegelii and Sebastes thompsoni). The kidney is Y shaped, with the development in the head kidney.

Light and electron microscopy studies of siphon and siphonal sheath formation in the infaunal bivalve Tresus keenae (Bivalvia: Mactridae).

To understand the habitat ecology of Tresus keenae, an infaunal bivalve, the microanatomical structure of the siphon and the method of siphonal sheath formation were described. The diameter of the incurrent siphon was approximately 1.2 times greater than that of the excurrent siphon.

Chemo-photothermal therapeutic effect of chitosan-gelatin hydrogels containing methotrexate and melanin on a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model.

Heat stimulation can promote osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Combining photothermal therapy and chemotherapy is an effective strategy for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, we prepared chitosan/gelatin/β-glycerophosphate-melanin-methotrexate (CMM) hydrogel that could be used to perform simultaneous chemotherapy and photothermal therapy for patients with RA.

Gonadal Abnormality and Intersexuality of Oplegnathus fasciatus (Teleostei: Oplegnathidae) Collected from the Southern Coast of Korea: A Case Report.

We report on the gonadal structure abnormality and intersexuality found from a survey regarding the reproductive potential of the rock bream, , along the southern coast of Korea. In total, 448 samples were collected for histological analysis (total length 27.5±6.

Sex of Mussel (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) : Sequential Hermaphroditism.

Samples were collected from the subtidal region of Jumunjin on the eastern coast of Korea in July 2020. A total of 338 mussels of shell height (SH) 20.8-149.

Prolonged exposure to hypoxia inhibits the growth of Pacific abalone by modulating innate immunity and oxidative status.

In aquatic animals, hypoxia is associated with growth retardation, impaired immunity, susceptibility to pathogens, oxidative stress, and mortality. However, the relative long-term effects of hypoxia on bivalves, including abalone, are not well understood. In this study, we examined the effects of exposure to hypoxic (2.

Ovarian transcriptome profiles associated with sexual maturation in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai).

Background: There is now abundant information on genes involved in molluscan oogenesis and their associations with ovarian development. However, few studies have investigated the ovarian transcriptome of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai).

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify genes related to ovarian development and maturation in Pacific abalone utilizing RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and to verify the genes most relevant to different stages of maturation.

Gonadal Maturation and Main Spawning Period of (Gastropoda: Haliotidae).

This study was carried out to obtain information on the developmental biology and the management of biological resources of the abalone in Korea. The sex ratio (female:male) in the present study was 1:1.7 and the proportion of females was 36.

Neural Ganglia Transcriptome and Peptidome Associated with Sexual Maturation in Female Pacific Abalone ().

Genetic information of reproduction and growth is essential for sustainable molluscan fisheries and aquaculture management. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the reproductive activity of the commercially important Pacific abalone . We performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of the ganglia in sexually immature and mature female Pacific abalone to better understand the sexual maturation process and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Changes in Hematological Parameters and Heat Shock Proteins in Juvenile Sablefish Depending on Water Temperature Stress.

Juvenile Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria were used to assess the effects of water temperature (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20°C) on hematological parameters and heat shock proteins 70 and 90 for 4 months. Hematological parameters, including red blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin, were significantly decreased at 18°C. The inorganic plasma components calcium and magnesium were not altered by water temperature.

Transcriptome profiling suggests roles of innate immunity and digestion metabolism in purplish Washington clam.

The purplish Washington clam (Saxidomus purpuratus) in the family Veneridae is distributed widely along the intertidal zones of northeast Asia and is increasingly being utilized as a commercially important food resource. Bivalves maintain homeostasis by regulating their food intake and digestion, innate immunity, and biotransformation in a mollusk-specific organ, the digestive gland. To understand digestive gland-specific pathways, we generated a high-quality de novo assembly of the digestive gland transcriptome of this clam using the Illumina Miseq platform.

Expression profile and reproductive regulation of APGWamide in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai).

Neuropeptides in the central nervous system regulate reproductive activities in vertebrates. Ala-Pro-Gly-Trp-NH (APGWamide), a neuromediator expressed in the neural ganglia of mollusks, controls sexual maturation and reproduction. To clarify the role of APGWamide in sexual behavior regulation and gamete cell maturation in mollusks, we cloned the cDNA of APGWamide precursor (Hdh-APGWamide) and examined the spatiotemporal expression of the transcript in the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai.

Toxic effects of juvenile sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria by ammonia exposure at different water temperature.

Juvenile sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria (mean length 17.1±2.4cm, and mean weight 75.

Growth performance, oxidative stress, and non-specific immune responses in juvenile sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, by changes of water temperature and salinity.

Juvenile sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria (mean length 15.5 ± 1.9 cm, mean weight 68.

Alternative Splicing Profile and Sex-Preferential Gene Expression in the Female and Male Pacific Abalone Haliotis discus hannai.

In order to characterize the female or male transcriptome of the Pacific abalone and further increase genomic resources, we sequenced the mRNA of full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries derived from pooled tissues of female and male by employing the Iso-Seq protocol of the PacBio RSII platform. We successfully assembled whole full-length cDNA sequences and constructed a transcriptome database that included isoform information. After clustering, a total of 15,110 and 12,145 genes that coded for proteins were identified in female and male abalones, respectively.

Effect of abalone farming on seawater movement and benthic foraminiferal assemblage of Zostera marina in the inner bay of Wando, South Korea.

Tidal current survey as well as geochemical and benthic foraminiferal analyses of sediment cores were conducted in an abalone farm and a Zostera bed to understand the degree to which the abalone farm facilities installed along a channel in a shallow sea affect the benthic environment and ecology. In the abalone farm, Ammonia beccarii-Pseudoparrella naraensis-Elphidium somaense-Rosalina globularis-Trochammina hadai and P. naraensis-E.

Effects of hypoxia caused by mussel farming on benthic foraminifera in semi-closed Gamak Bay, South Korea.

Seawater monitoring and geochemical and benthic foraminiferal analysis of sediments were conducted to identify the effects of hypoxia created by a mussel farm on benthic foraminifera in a semi-closed bay. Extremely polluted reductive conditions with a high content of organic matter (OM) at >12.0% and oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) with dissolved oxygen (DO) <0.

Indirect Evidence on Sex Reversal of Sinonovacula constricta (Bivalvia: Euheterodonta) and Gomphina veneriformis (Bivalvia: Veneridae).

This study attempts to propose the possibility of the sex reversal in Sinonovacula constricta and Gomphina veneriformis by confirming the changes in the sex ratio with the shell length in the same population level. For analysis of sex ratio, 100 individuals of S. constricta (SL 26.

Cascading effects from survival to physiological activities, and gene expression of heat shock protein 90 on the abalone Haliotis discus hannai responding to continuous thermal stress.

Increasing temperatures can be a significant stressor for aquatic organisms. Abalones, a type of large marine gastropods, are the most commercially important species in aquaculture for Asia. To evaluate the potential ecological risk posed by temperature stress, we measured biological responses such as survival rate, adhesion ability (falling rate), and foot abnormalities in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai.

Decalcification of benthic foraminifera due to "Hebei Spirit" oil spill, Korea.

In order to determine the effects on foraminifera due to spilled crude oil in the "Herbei Spirit" incident, a study of benthic foraminiferal assemblages was carried out on sediment samples collected from the Sogeunri tidal flat, Taean Peninsula, Korea. Breakages of the chambers in the Ammonia beccarii and Elphidium subincertum species of the Sogeunri tidal flat with a low pH (6.98 on average) were marked.