The changes of nociception and the signal molecules expression in the dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord after cold water swimming stress in mice.

Several studies have previously reported that exposure to stress provokes behavioral changes, including antinociception, in rodents. In the present study, we studied the effect of acute cold-water (4°C) swimming stress (CWSS) on nociception and the possible changes in several signal molecules in male ICR mice. Here, we show that 3 min of CWSS was sufficient to produce antinociception in tailflick, hot-plate, von-Frey, writhing, and formalin-induced pain models.

Modulation of corticosterone and changes of signal molecules in the HPA axis after cold water swimming stress.

In the present study, we examined the effect of cold-water swimming stress (CWSS) on plasma corticosterone levels. Mice were exposed to stress in 4°C for 3 mins. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) level was measured at 0, 15, and 30 min after stress stimulation.

Chemical Composition of a Novel Distillate from Fermented Mixture of Nine Anti-Inflammatory Herbs and Its UVB-Protective Efficacy in Mouse Dorsal Skin via Attenuating Collagen Disruption and Inflammation.

Since ancient times, various herbs have been used in Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan, for wound healing and antiaging of the skin. In this study, we manufactured and chemically analyzed a novel distillate obtained from a fermented mixture of nine anti-inflammatory herbs (, , , , , , ., , and ).

Antinociceptive effect of chrysin in diabetic neuropathy and formalin-induced pain models.

Chrysin, a natural flavonoid, is the main ingredient of many medicinal plants, which shows potent pharmacological properties. In the present study, the antinociceptive effects of chrysin were examined in ICR mice. Chrysin orally administered at the doses of from 10 to 100 mg/kg exerted the reductions of formalin-induced pain behaviors observed during the second phase in the formalin test in a dose-dependent manner.

The role of spinally located dopamine D receptors in the regulation of the blood glucose level in mice.

Background: The possible role of dopamine D receptors located in the spinal cord in the regulation of the blood glucose level have not been investigated before.

Methods: In the present study, the effect of D receptor agonist and antagonist administered intrathecal (it) injection on the blood glucose level were examined in the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice.

Results: We found that it injection with carmoxirole (D receptor agonist) caused an elevation of the blood glucose level in a dose-dependent manner.