Pretreatment brain volumes can affect the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease patients.

We aimed to assess whether brain volumes may affect the results of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Eighty-one consecutive patients with PD (male:female 40:41), treated with DBS between June 2012 and December 2017, were enrolled. Total and regional brain volumes were measured using automated brain volumetry (NeuroQuant).

Deep Learning-Based Deep Brain Stimulation Targeting and Clinical Applications.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate deep learning-based image-guided surgical planning for deep brain stimulation (DBS). We developed deep learning semantic segmentation-based DBS targeting and prospectively applied the method clinically.

Methods: T2 fast gradient-echo images from 102 patients were used for training and validation.

Systematic Stereotactic Error Reduction Using a Calibration Technique in Single-Brain-Pass and Multitrack Deep Brain Stimulations.

Background: A calibration technique that shifts the frame coordinates from the intended coordinates to correct a systematic stereotactic error has been reported for single-brain-pass deep brain stimulation.

Objective: To analyze the intercenter reproducibility of this method for deep brain stimulation.

Methods: A total of 310 leads from 166 patients undergoing surgery were analyzed, including 220 multitrack (primarily 3-track) subthalamic nucleus leads, 17 single-brain-pass subthalamic nucleus leads, and 73 single-brain-pass globus pallidus interna leads.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Distortion and Targeting Errors from Strong Rare Earth Metal Magnetic Dental Implant Requiring Revision.

Recently, the use of magnetic dental implants has been re-popularized with the introduction of strong rare earth metal, for example, neodymium, magnets. Unrecognized magnetic dental implants can cause critical magnetic resonance image distortions. We report a case involving surgical failure caused by a magnetic dental implant.

Comparison of the Stereotactic Accuracies of Function-Guided Deep Brain Stimulation, Calculated Using Multitrack Target Locations Geometrically Inferred from Three-Dimensional Trajectory Rotations, and of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Deep Brain Stimulation and Outcomes.

Objective: In previous studies, multitrack trajectories in deep brain stimulation (DBS) have usually been approximated. Using a geometrically more accurate method, we compared the stereotactic accuracy of DBS with multitrack microelectrode recording and awake stimulation (function group) and MRI-guided DBS (MRI group).

Methods: One hundred and seventy-two leads used in DBS between April 2014 and January 2016 were evaluated for stereotactic errors.

Two-Session Tumor and Retrogasserian Trigeminal Nerve-Targeted Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Secondary Trigeminal Neuralgia Associated with Benign Tumors.

Objective: To investigate gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for benign tumor-associated secondary trigeminal neuralgia (TN).

Methods: Between 2006 and 2015, 21 patients with secondary TN due to meningioma were treated using GKS. Their mean age was 56.

Repeat Gamma-Knife Radiosurgery for Refractory or Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia with Consideration About the Optimal Second Dose.

Objective: To investigate adequate radiation doses for repeat Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) for trigeminal neuralgia in our series and meta-analysis.

Methods: Fourteen patients treated by ipsilateral repeat GKS for trigeminal neuralgia were included. Median age of patients was 65 years (range, 28-78), the median target dose, 140-180).

Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent or residual seizures after anterior temporal lobectomy in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis: long-term follow-up results of more than 4 years.

Object: Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has proven efficacy in the treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) and is comparable to conventional resective surgery. It may be effective as an alternative treatment to reoperation after failed temporal lobe surgery in patients with MTLE-HS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of GKRS in patients with unilateral MTLE-HS who did not achieve seizure control or had recurrent seizures after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL).

Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence for visualisation of subthalamic nucleus for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an accepted treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). However, targeting the STN is difficult due to its relatively small size and variable location. The purpose of this study was to assess which of the following sequences obtained with the 3.

Long-term outcomes of hemispheric disconnection in pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy.

Background And Purpose: Hemispherectomy reportedly produces remarkable results in terms of seizure outcome and quality of life for medically intractable hemispheric epilepsy in children. We reviewed the neuroradiologic findings, pathologic findings, epilepsy characteristics, and clinical long-term outcomes in pediatric patients following a hemispheric disconnection.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 12 children (8 males) who underwent a hemispherectomy at Asan Medical Center between 1997 and 2005.

Long-term outcome of gamma knife surgery using a retrogasserian petrous bone target for classic trigeminal neuralgia.

Background: Gamma knife surgery (GKS) is the prevailing method for treatment of medically intractable trigeminal neuralgia (TN), although there are some technical differences among radiosurgical centers. We assessed the long-term outcomes of GKS using retrogasserian petrous bone targeting and evaluated factors associated with the clinical outcomes.

Methods: Between December 2003 and June 2009, a total of 91 GKS treatments were performed in 90 patients with classic TN.

Surgical treatment for localization-related infantile spasms: excellent long-term outcomes.

Objective: Focal epileptogenic lesions can manifest as infantile spasms, a catastrophic type of epilepsy. Although early surgery for catastrophic epilepsies has shown positive effects, little is known regarding long-term outcomes. The present study examined long-term outcomes in patients with localization-related infantile spasms treated surgically.

Malignant transformation of monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the mandible.

Malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia (FD), which was first introduced by Coley and Steward is very rare. We present a case of malignant transformation of monostotic mandibular FD after 2 surgical excisions, 20 and 15 years ago, respectively. The treatment choice of FD is usually conservative.

MR spectroscopy and perfusion MR imaging findings of intracranial foreign body granuloma: a case report.

We report a case of intracranial foreign body granuloma that showed features of a high grade tumor on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, the relative cerebral blood volume was not increased in the enhancing mass on perfusion MRI and the choline/creatine ratio only slightly increased on MR spectroscopy. The results suggest that the lesion is benign in nature.

High-level cervical spinal cord stimulation used to treat intractable pain arising from transverse myelitis caused by schistosomiasis.

The efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for treatment of various chronic painful conditions is well established. Very few reports have documented the use of SCS for treatment of chronic pain after spinal cord injury. We present a case showing a good outcome after such treatment, and suggest that high cervical stimulation may be efficacious.

Salvage techniques for STA-MCA bypass.

Superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass is a well-established, indispensable neurosurgical procedure. It is technically challenging, and surgeons must be prepared for unexpected problems. The present report describes four cases where problems arose that resulted in graft occlusion.

Vagus nerve stimulation for intractable epilepsy: outcomes in children and adults.

Objectives. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an accepted treatment for medically intractable epilepsy. However, predictive factors associated with responsiveness to VNS remained unclear.

Spinal Cord Stimulation for Intractable Visceral Pain due to Chronic Pancreatitis.

Pain caused by chronic pancreatitis is medically intractable and resistant to conventional interventional or surgical treatment. We report a case of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for intractable pain due to chronic pancreatitis. The patient had a history of nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis and multiple emergency room visits as well as repeated hospitalization including multiple nerve block and morphine injection for 3 years.

Abducens nerve schwannoma: case report and review of the literature.

Schwannomas of the abducens nerve are extremely rare. The authors report a case with this tumor and discuss its clinical and radiographic characteristics. A 36-year-old man presented with 6-month history of diplopia.

Relationship between hypometabolic patterns and ictal scalp EEG patterns in patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis: An FDG-PET study.

This study was to explore the relationship between scalp ictal EEG patterns and interictal hypometabolic patterns in hippocampal sclerosis-associated mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (HS-MTLE) and determine the clinical significance of interictal hypometabolic patterns. Twenty-five patients were classified into 2 groups based on initial ictal discharge (IID) frequency on scalp EEG: (a) those with a sustained regular 5- to 9-Hz rhythm with a restricted temporal or subtemporal distribution (group 1, N=9); and (b) those with an irregular 2- to 5-Hz rhythm with a widespread distribution (group 2, N=16). Using statistical parametric mapping, the PET results of each group were compared with age- and sex-matched controls to identify regions of significant hypometabolism, and the clinical characteristics were compared.

The anatomical location and course of the facial nerve in vestibular schwannomas : a study of 163 surgically treated cases.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the anatomical location and course of the facial nerve (FN) and their relationship to the tumor size in surgically treated vestibular schwannomas.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 163 patients who had been treated by the microsurgical resection for a newly diagnosed vestibular schwannoma between 1995 and 2005 (mean age of 46.1 years; 108 females and 55 males).

The lateralizing value of IQ in mesiotemporal epilepsy: differences between patients with unitemporal and bitemporal epileptiform discharges.

Purpose: We investigated the lateralizing ability of intelligence scores in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients according to the distribution of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs).

Methods: This study enrolled 82 MTLE patients. All patients had preoperative neuropsychological evaluations, including Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.