Usefulness of a drill stopper to prevent iatrogenic soft tissue injury in orthopedic surgery.

Objective: This study introduces a novel technique utilizing a drill stopper to limit drill penetration depth and to prevent iatrogenic injuries, specifically neurovascular damage, in orthopedic surgeries. Orthopedic surgeries frequently involve the use of drills, which are essential tools for various procedures. However, improper handling of drills can lead to iatrogenic soft tissue injuries, causing severe consequences such as permanent disability or life-threatening complications.

Opponent vesicular transporters regulate the strength of glutamatergic neurotransmission in a C. elegans sensory circuit.

At chemical synapses, neurotransmitters are packaged into synaptic vesicles that release their contents in response to depolarization. Despite its central role in synaptic function, regulation of the machinery that loads vesicles with neurotransmitters remains poorly understood. We find that synaptic glutamate signaling in a C.

Risk factors for newly developed osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures following treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Background Context: It has been reported that newly developed osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) occur at a relatively high frequency after treatment. While there are many reports on possible risk factors, these have not yet been clearly established.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for newly developed OVCFs after treatment by vertebroplasty (VP), kyphoplasty (KP), or conservative treatment.

A higher association of medial collateral ligament injury of the knee in pronation injuries of the ankle.

Introduction: To evaluate the prevalence of medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury of the knee among ankle-fracture patients and to determine the risk factors associated with MCL injury in this patient group.

Materials And Methods: 303 patients (303 affected ankles) who underwent surgical treatment for an ankle fracture were assessed. Supination versus pronation injury, Danis-Weber classification, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), limb dominance, and mechanism of injury were reviewed to identify factors related to MCL injury.

Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist in Preterm Infants With Established or Evolving Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia on High-Intensity Mechanical Ventilatory Support: A Single-Center Experience.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to report possible improvements in ventilator variables associated with a transition from synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation to neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who required a high level of mechanical ventilatory support in a single center.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Neonatal ICU.

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension after Ibuprofen Treatment for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Objective: To describe the clinical course and risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) after ibuprofen treatment to close patent ductus arteriosus.

Study Design: All neonates weighing < 1500 g at birth who received ibuprofen to close patent ductus arteriosus and were admitted to Seoul National University Children's Hospital's neonatal intensive care unit in 2010-2014 were eligible for this study. The study population was divided into the PAH and non-PAH groups, and medical records were retrospectively reviewed.

Coexistence of Ureaplasma and chorioamnionitis is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Background: Both histologic chorioamnionitis (HCAM) and Ureaplasma infection are considered important contributors to perinatal lung injury. We tested the hypothesis that coexistence of maternal HCAM and perinatal Ureaplasma exposure increases the risk of prolonged mechanical ventilation in extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out of all ELBW infants born between January 2008 and December 2013 at a single academic center.

Efficacy and safety of fluconazole prophylaxis in extremely low birth weight infants: multicenter pre-post cohort study.

Background: There have been many studies supporting fluconazole prophylaxis in preterm infants for prevention of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). However, the routine use of fluconazole prophylaxis in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) raises concerns with respect to resistance development, including the selection of resistant Candida species. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluconazole prophylaxis in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Long-Term Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Background: The long-term cardiovascular outcomes of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are uncertain.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of PH in prematurely born children diagnosed with moderate to severe BPD.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients born before 32 weeks of gestation and diagnosed with moderate to severe BPD from June 2004 to April 2008.

Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis versus Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation in White Matter Injury on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: White matter injury (WMI) is the most common form of brain injury in preterm infants. It could be induced by a systemic inflammatory response in preterm infants.

Objectives: We hypothesized that surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (surgNEC) results in more severe WMI than spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent age (TEA).

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Related Readmission in Preterm Infants Less than 34 weeks' Gestation Following Discharge from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Korea.

This study was done to evaluate respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) related readmission (RRR) and risk factors of RRR in preterm infants < 34 weeks gestational age (GA) within 1 yr following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Infants (n = 1,140) who were born and admitted to the NICUs of 46 hospitals in Korea from April to September 2012, and followed up for > 1 yr after discharge from the NICU, were enrolled. The average GA and birth weight of the infants was 30(+5) ± 2(+5) weeks and 1,502 ± 474 g, respectively.

Reduced early dried blood spot citrulline levels in preterm infants with meconium obstruction of prematurity.

Background: Citrulline is a non-protein amino acid synthesized in the enterocytes of the small bowel. Recent studies have reported that plasma citrulline levels correlate with functional enterocyte mass.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the normal dried blood spot (DBS) citrulline levels and to determine the existence of a correlation between citrulline levels and meconium obstruction of prematurity (MOP).

Neonatal Morbidities Associated with Histologic Chorioamnionitis Defined Based on the Site and Extent of Inflammation in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Conflicting results on the influences of histologic chorioamnionitis (HC) on neonatal morbidities might be partly originated from using different definition of HC. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between HC and neonatal morbidities using definition of HC that reflects the site and extent of inflammation. This was a retrospective cohort study of 261 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants admitted at a tertiary academic center.

The Impact of Atrial Left-to-Right Shunt on Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants with Moderate or Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a well-known complication of prematurity; however, the additional impact of a left-to-right interatrial shunt on this condition remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to identify the significance of atrial left-to-right shunt lesions in PH infants with moderate or severe BPD.

Methods: The medical records of 383 preterm infants (gestational age of < 32 weeks) who were diagnosed with BPD between 2005 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.

Nek2 activation of Kif24 ensures cilium disassembly during the cell cycle.

Many proteins are known to promote ciliogenesis, but mechanisms that promote primary cilia disassembly before mitosis are largely unknown. Here we identify a mechanism that favours cilium disassembly and maintains the disassembled state. We show that co-localization of the S/G2 phase kinase, Nek2 and Kif24 triggers Kif24 phosphorylation, inhibiting cilia formation.

Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in preterm infants: a randomised phase II crossover trial.

Objective: To compare non-invasive ventilation neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) and non-invasive pressure support (NIV-PS) in preterm infants on patient-ventilator synchrony.

Design: A randomised phase II crossover trial.

Setting: Neonatal intensive care units of two tertiary university hospitals in Korea.

Ultrasound-guided contrast enema for meconium obstruction in very low birth weight infants: Factors that affect treatment success.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the therapeutic results of ultrasound (US)-guided water-soluble contrast enema in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants (<1,500 g) with meconium obstruction and to study factors that affect therapeutic results.

Methods: This study included a total of 33 consecutive VLBW infants with clinically diagnosed meconium obstruction underwent US-guided water-soluble contrast enema, from April 2007 to March 2014. Patients were classified into two groups based on to procedure outcome: the success group (evacuation of the meconium plug resolution followed by improved bowel distention within 2 days of the procedure, without additional interventions), and the failure group (the contrast enema failed to relieve the obstruction, or other procedure-related complications occurred).

Risk factors for late-onset hyponatremia and its influence on neonatal outcomes in preterm infants.

Late-onset hyponatremia (LOH), hyponatremia occurring after two weeks of age with the achievement of full feeding, is the result of a negative sodium balance caused by inadequate salt intake or excessive salt loss due to immature renal or intestinal function in preterm infants. The aims of our study were to identify the risk factors for LOH and its influence on neonatal outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort analysis of 161 preterm infants born before 34 weeks of gestation between June 2009 and December 2010 at Seoul National University Hospital.

Neonatal sepsis in a rapidly growing, tertiary neonatal intensive care unit: Trends over 18 years.

Background: We investigated changes in the admission patterns of neonatal intensive care units and the epidemiology of neonatal sepsis following the rapid expansion and improvements in neonatal intensive care.

Methods: Data on the admission of neonates with culture-proven sepsis between 1996 and 2013 (period I, 1996-2005; period II, 2006-2013) were collected retrospectively.

Results: The admission of extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants increased between periods I and II (11.

Oropharyngeal colostrum administration in extremely premature infants: an RCT.

Objective: To determine the immunologic effects of oropharyngeal colostrum administration in extremely premature infants.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 48 preterm infants born before 28 weeks' gestation. Subjects received 0.

Binge drinking and its relation to metabolic syndrome in korean adult men.

Background: It is reported that heavy drinking increases the risk of metabolic syndrome. But there have been few studies on the relationship between the intensity of drinking and metabolic syndrome when drinking the same amount of alcohol. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the frequency of binge drinking and metabolic syndrome in Korean adult men.

Ultrasonographic study of initial size and postnatal growth of kidneys in preterm infants.

Background: Preterm birth is known to be associated with risks of impaired nephrogenesis.

Objectives: To determine the normal range of renal sizes at birth in preterm infants as well as their short-term postnatal renal growth, to assess the correlation between initial renal size and growth parameters at birth and to compare the initial and serial renal sizes between appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) preterm infants.

Methods: Initial ultrasonography (US) was prospectively performed in 125 preterm infants within the first 72 h of life and every 2 weeks thereafter until a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 37 weeks was reached.

A comparative study of two remifentanil doses for procedural pain in ventilated preterm infants: a randomized, controlled study*.

Objectives: Remifentanil is an ultrashort-acting synthetic opioid, and the metabolism of which is not influenced by hepatic or renal function. This study aims to compare the efficacy of two remifentanil doses during procedures in ventilated preterm infants.

Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial.

Enterostomy closure timing for minimizing postoperative complications in premature infants.

Background: For premature infants with advanced acute abdomen, creating a temporary enterostomy is believed to be an appropriate surgical management. However, there is no consensus regarding the timing of enterostomy reversal. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal timing for enterostomy closure (EC) by analyzing EC-related complications.

Rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist, restores alveolar and pulmonary vascular development in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Purpose: We tested whether rosiglitazone (RGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist, can restore alveolar development and vascular growth in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Materials And Methods: A rat model of BPD was induced through intra-amniotic delivery of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and postnatal hyperoxia (80% for 7 days). RGZ (3 mg/kg/d, i.