Effects of Expert-Determined Reference Standards in Evaluating the Diagnostic Performance of a Deep Learning Model: A Malignant Lung Nodule Detection Task on Chest Radiographs.

Objective: Little is known about the effects of using different expert-determined reference standards when evaluating the performance of deep learning-based automatic detection (DLAD) models and their added value to radiologists. We assessed the concordance of expert-determined standards with a clinical gold standard (herein, pathological confirmation) and the effects of different expert-determined reference standards on the estimates of radiologists' diagnostic performance to detect malignant pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs with and without the assistance of a DLAD model.

Materials And Methods: This study included chest radiographs from 50 patients with pathologically proven lung cancer and 50 controls.

Data mining of coronavirus: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.

Objective: In this study we compare the amino acid and codon sequence of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using different statistics programs to understand their characteristics. Specifically, we are interested in how differences in the amino acid and codon sequence can lead to different incubation periods and outbreak periods. Our initial question was to compare SARS-CoV-2 to different viruses in the coronavirus family using BLAST program of NCBI and machine learning algorithms.

Selective one-pot syntheses of Pt(II)-Cu(I) heterobimetallic complexes of 4,5-diazafluorenide derivatives.

We report both the stepwise and one-pot syntheses of Pt(II)-Cu(I) hetero-dinuclear complexes using 4,5-diazafluorenide (L(-)) and 9-(2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl)-4,5-diazafluorenide (L(p)(-)) as binucleating ligands. In the case of L(p)(-), the tethered phosphine arm helps anchor the Pt(II) centre onto the carbon site of the diazafluorenide and the Cu(I) centre is bound to the N,N-chelate site. In the case of L(-), the Cu(I) centre is bound to the carbon site of diazafluorenide and the Pt(II) centre is coordinated to the N,N-chelate site.

Neck circumference correlates with tumor size and lateral lymph node metastasis in men with small papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background/aims: Obesity is correlated with numerous diseases, including thyroid cancer, but the clinical significance of obesity with regard to the clinical characteristics of thyroid cancer remains unclear. Neck circumference is an index of upper-body adipose tissue distribution.

Methods: In total, 401 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) measuring ≤ 2 cm were included.

Benign cystic nodules may have ultrasonographic features mimicking papillary thyroid carcinoma during interval changes.

It had been observed that some cystic nodules change morphologically with ultrasonographic (US) features suspicious for malignancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the US characteristics of benign cystic nodules mimicking papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) during interval changes. Between January 2009 and October 2009, 26 patients with benign cystic nodules showing marked hypoechogenicity in US during the follow-up period were enrolled.

Cystatin C as an early biomarker of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This study was done to evaluate clinical usefulness of cystatin C levels of serum and urine in predicting renal impairment in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the association between albuminuria and serum/urine cystatin C. Type 2 diabetic patients (n = 332) with normoalbuminuria (n = 210), microalbuminuria (n = 83) and macroalbuminuria (n = 42) were enrolled. Creatinine, urinary albumin levels, serum/urine cystatin C and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR by MDRD [Modification of Diet in Renal Disease] and CKD-EPI [Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration] equations) were determined.

Prodigiosin isolated from Hahella chejuensis suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production by inhibiting p38 MAPK, JNK and NF-kappaB activation in murine peritoneal macrophages.

Prodigiosin was isolated from marine bacteria Hahella chejuensis which has been recently discovered from Marado, Cheju Island, Republic of Korea. Immunosuppressive properties have been reported for prodigiosin members such as undecylprodigiosin, metacycloprodigiosin, prodigiosin and its synthetic analogue PNU156804 (PNU). However, the effect of this agent on macrophage function has not been characterized in detail.

Effects of supplementation with higher levels of manganese and magnesium on immune function.

The magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) were evaluated for its effectiveness as an immunomodulator in rats. The treatments were as follows: Group 1, AIN-93M diet (0.05% Mg, 0.

Low proliferation and high apoptosis of osteoblastic cells on hydrophobic surface are associated with defective Ras signaling.

The hydrophobic (HPB) nature of most polymeric biomaterials has been a major obstacle in using those materials in vivo due to low compatibility with cells. However, there is little knowledge of the molecular detail to explain how surface hydrophobicity affects cell responses. In this study, we compared the proliferation and apoptosis of human osteoblastic MG63 cells adhered to hydrophilic (HPL) and hydrophobic surfaces.