Unusual bridged angucyclinones and potent anticancer compounds from Streptomyces bulli GJA1.

Two new unique angucyclinones (1 and 2) with unprecedented ether bridges connecting carbons 5 and 7 were isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces bulli GJA1, an endophyte of Gardenia jasminoides, together with two known ones (3 and 4). The MS-based molecular networking system facilitated the isolation of compounds with target functionalities. The stereochemistry of 1 was completely established by ROESY and ECD experiments.

New Hydroxydecanoic Acid Derivatives Produced by an Dndophytic Yeast AJF1 from Flowers of .

Endophytes have been recognized as a source for structurally novel and biologically active secondary metabolites. Among the host plants for endophytes, some medicinal plants that produce pharmaceuticals have been reported to carry endophytes, which could also produce bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, the medicinal plant was selected as a potential source for endophytes.

Chromones with lipoprotein oxidation inhibitory activity from an endophytic fungus Alternaria brassicae JS959 derived from Vitex rotundifolia.

Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of an endophytic fungus, Alternaria brassicae JS959 derived from a halophyte, Vitex rotundifolia, led to the isolation of a new chromone, (2'S)-2-(2-acetoxypropyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methylchromone (1), along with sixteen known compounds: a chromone (2), twelve benzopyranones (3-14) and three perylenequinones (15-17). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by extensive spectroscopic data analysis including 1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and optical rotation. Of these compounds, 1 and 2 showed inhibitory activity on Cu‒induced low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) oxidation in human blood plasma.

The fungus Colletotrichum as a source for bioactive secondary metabolites.

Colletotrichum sp. is a widely distributed fungal genus, which is mainly known to cause anthracnose on cereals, legumes, fruit trees, and vegetables. Even though many of the Colletotrichum sp.

Bioactive secondary metabolites from an endophytic fungus Phoma sp. PF2 derived from Artemisia princeps Pamp.

Two new isochromanone derivatives, (3S,4S)-3,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,4,5-trimethylisochroman-1-one (1) and methyl (S)-8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methyl-4a-(3-oxobutan-2-yl)benzoate (2), together with six known compounds (3‒8) were isolated from the cultures of an endophytic fungus Phoma sp. PF2 obtained from Artemisia princeps. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and CD) and calculation of ECD.

Hepatoprotective Flavonoids in Fruits by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Primary Rat Hepatocytes.

Background: Liver disorder was associated with alcohol consumption caused by hepatic cellular damages. fruit extracts (OFIEs), which contain betalain pigments and polyphenols including flavonoids, have been introduced as reducing hangover symptoms and liver protective activity.

Objective: To evaluate hepatoprotective activity of OFIEs and isolated compounds by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC).

Ceanothane- and lupane-type triterpene esters from the roots of Hovenia dulcis and their antiproliferative activity on HSC-T6 cells.

Three ceanothane-type and three lupane-type triterpenoids, as well as three known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Hovenia dulcis (Rhamnaceae), based on LC-MS dereplication. The previously undescribed compounds were determined to be 27-O-protocatechuoyl-3-dehydroxyisoceanothanolic acid, 27-O-protocatechuoyl-3-dehydroxycolubrinic acid, 27-O-protocatechuoyl-3-dehydroxyepicolubrinic acid, 27-O-protocatechuoylbetulinic acid, 27-O-p-hydroxybenzoylbetulinic acid, and 27-O-syringoylbetulinic acid by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HR mass spectrometric data analysis. The isolates were examined for their antiproliferative activity in HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells; compounds 1, 2, 3, and 6 showed IC values in the range of 15-50 μM.

Cytotoxic pterosins from Pteris multifida roots against HCT116 human colon cancer cells.

Two new pterosin glycosides, (2S,3S)-pterosin C 3-O-β-d-(4'-(E)-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside (1) and (2S,3S)-pterosin C 3-O-β-d-(6'-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (2), were isolated from Pteris multifida (Pteridaceae) roots along with ten known pterosin compounds (3-12). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive analysis of the 1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and CD spectroscopic data. The cytotoxicities of 1-12 against HCT116 human colorectal cancer cell line were evaluated.

Catechin-Bound Ceanothane-Type Triterpenoid Derivatives from the Roots of Zizyphus jujuba.

Three unprecedented ceanothane-type triterpenoids, ent-epicatechinoceanothic acid A (1), ent-epicatechinoceanothic acid B (2), and epicatechino-3-deoxyceanothetric acid A (3), containing C-C bond linkages with catechin moieties, were isolated from the roots of Zizyphus jujuba. Their chemical structures, including absolute configurations, were established by spectroscopic analysis and calculation of their ECD spectra. A possible biogenetic pathway for C-C bond formation between the catechin and the triterpenoid moieties is presented.

Anti-Neuroinflammatory ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids from Pteris multifida Roots.

Activated microglia are known to be a major source of cellular neuroinflammation which causes various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. In our continuing efforts to search for new bioactive phytochemicals against neuroinflammatory diseases, the 80% methanolic extract of (Pteridaceae) roots was found to exhibit significant NO inhibitory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia cells. Three new -kaurane diterpenoids, pterokaurane M₁ 2--β-d-glucopyranoside (), 2β,16α-dihydroxy--kaurane 2,16-di--β-d-glucopyranoside (), and 2β,16α,17-trihydroxy--kaurane 2--β-d-glucopyranoside (), were isolated along with nine other known compounds from roots.

Lignans from Opuntia ficus-indica seeds protect rat primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells against ethanol-induced oxidative stress.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae) seeds against ethanol-treated primary rat hepatocytes yielded six lignan compounds. Among the isolates, furofuran lignans 4-6, significantly protected rat hepatocytes against ethanol-induced oxidative stress by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, preserving antioxidative defense enzyme activities, and maintaining the glutathione content. Moreover, 4 dose-dependently induced the heme oxygenase-1 expression in HepG2 cells.

Cytotoxic Ceanothane- and Lupane-Type Triterpenoids from the Roots of Ziziphus jujuba.

Ziziphus jujuba, a plant in the family Rhamnaceae, is used in several Asian countries as a food and traditional medicine. Fifteen new ceanothane-type (1-15) and three new lupane-type triterpenoids (16-18) were isolated from the roots of Z. jujuba, as well as 12 previously known triterpenoids (19-30).

Stereoisomer-specific anticancer activities of ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 in HepG2 cells: disparity in cytotoxicity and autophagy-inducing effects due to 20(S)-epimers.

Autophagy has been an emerging field in the treatment of hepatic carcinoma since anticancer therapies were shown to ignite autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Here we report that ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2, major components of red ginseng, induce apoptotic cell death in a stereoisomer-specific fashion. The 20(S)-forms of Rg3 and Rh2, but not their respective 20(R)-forms, promoted cell death in a dose-dependent manner accompanied by downregulation of Bcl2 and upregulation of Fas, resulting in apoptosis of HepG2 cells with poly ADP ribose polymerase cleavage.

Hepatoprotective constituents of Firmiana simplex stem bark against ethanol insult to primary rat hepatocytes.

Background: Ethanol causes hepatic cellular damage by alterations in biological functions. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective potential of the methanolic extract originating from Firmiana simplex (Sterculiaceae) stem bark against the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat primary hepatocytes.

Materials And Methods: The extract of F.

Chemical constituents isolated from Disporum viridescens leaves and their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in BV2 microglial cells.

Excessive NO (nitric oxide) has been associated with the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In our screening system using LPS-activated BV2 microglial cells, the methanolic extract of Disporum viridescens leaves was found to have significant NO inhibitory activity. Bioactivity-guided isolation yielded a new phenylpropanoid characterized as 4-ally-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 1-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (12) with 21 known compounds from the leaves of D.

Prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica var. saboten) protects against stress-induced acute gastric lesions in rats.

The protective activity of prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica var. saboten) fruit juice and its main constituent, betanin, were evaluated against stress-induced acute gastric lesions in rats. After 6 h of water immersion restraint stress (WIRS), gastric mucosal lesions with bleeding were induced in Sprague-Dawley rats.