Enzymatic glucose/oxygen biofuel cells: Use of oxygen-rich cathodes for operation under severe oxygen-deficit conditions.

A glucose/oxygen biofuel cell (BFC) that can operate continuously under oxygen-free conditions is described. The oxygen-deficit limitations of metabolite/oxygen enzymatic BFCs have been addressed by using an oxygen-rich cathode binder material, polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), which provides an internal oxygen supply for the BFC reduction reaction. This oxygen-rich cathode component mitigates the potential power loss in oxygen-free medium or during external oxygen fluctuations through internal supply of oxygen, while the bioanode employs glucose oxidase-mediated reactions.

High-Performance Screen-Printed Thermoelectric Films on Fabrics.

Printing techniques could offer a scalable approach to fabricate thermoelectric (TE) devices on flexible substrates for power generation used in wearable devices and personalized thermo-regulation. However, typical printing processes need a large concentration of binder additives, which often render a detrimental effect on electrical transport of the printed TE layers. Here, we report scalable screen-printing of TE layers on flexible fiber glass fabrics, by rationally optimizing the printing inks consisting of TE particles (p-type BiSbTe or n-type BiTeSe), binders, and organic solvents.

Stretchable Biofuel Cells as Wearable Textile-based Self-Powered Sensors.

Highly stretchable textile-based biofuel cells (BFCs), acting as effective self-powered sensors, have been fabricated using screen-printing of customized stress-enduring inks. Due to synergistic effects of nanomaterial-based engineered inks and the serpentine designs, these printable bioelectronic devices endure severe mechanical deformations, e.g.

Deposition of ZnO on bismuth species towards a rechargeable Zn-based aqueous battery.

Zn aqueous batteries typically suffer from poor cycle life because water soluble zincate ions are formed during the oxidation of Zn. When Zn is oxidized, most of the Zn ions detach from the current collector and become electrochemically inactive, leaving the battery non-rechargeable. Numerous reports demonstrate the use of BiO as an electrode additive to enhance electrochemical performance and they attribute this phenomenon to the improvement in electrical conductivity.

Highly Stretchable Fully-Printed CNT-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biofuel Cells: Combining Intrinsic and Design-Induced Stretchability.

We present the first example of an all-printed, inexpensive, highly stretchable CNT-based electrochemical sensor and biofuel cell array. The synergistic effect of utilizing specially tailored screen printable stretchable inks that combine the attractive electrical and mechanical properties of CNTs with the elastomeric properties of polyurethane as a binder along with a judiciously designed free-standing serpentine pattern enables the printed device to possess two degrees of stretchability. Owing to these synergistic design and nanomaterial-based ink effects, the device withstands extremely large levels of strains (up to 500% strain) with negligible effect on its structural integrity and performance.

Synthesis of Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Bonded to Thiodiazole-Pd and Applications to Biosensor.

A novel biosensor for the determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose was developed based on EGN-TDZ-Pd, as an electrocatalyst. The preparation of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was functionalized by combining it with 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol (TDZ) and by covalently bonding it to palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (GO-TDZ-Pd). In the electrochemical investigation, EGN-TDZ-Pd was characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Manganese Dioxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for Improved Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-(PEDOT)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with MnO2 nanoparticles (MnO2/PEDOT/rGO) was prepared using electrochemical methods. The MnO2/ PEDOT/rGO was obtained through the electrochemical reduction of PEDOT/GO and under electrochemical treatment in KMnO4. The PEDOT/rGO and MnO2/PEDOT/rGO were characterized by several instrumental and electrochemical methods.

A green preparation of nitrogen doped graphene using urine for oxygen reduction in alkaline fuel cells.

A simple, eco-friendly and efficient harmless chemical approach has been developed for the simultaneous nitrogen (N) doping and reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by cost free human urine using simple refluxing. Large-scale preparation of graphene has been hindered largely by several issues, such as highly toxic reducing agents that are harmful to human health and environment, complicated reduction process and costly chemicals. Human urine is a natural precursor of urea with no cost.

High catalytic activity of electrochemically reduced graphene composite toward electrochemical sensing of Orange II.

Orange II, an azo dye, is sometimes illegally used as a red dye in food products despite its adverse health effects if consumed. Therefore, the determination of low concentrations of Orange II is an important target. An Orange II sensor was prepared using electrochemically reduced graphene oxide grafted with 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol-Pt nanoparticles (denoted as ERGO-ATDT-Pt) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and investigated for Orange II detection in 0.

Electrochemical sensing of H2O2 by the modified electrode with pd nanoparticles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes-g-poly(lactic acid).

A simple method has adapted to prepare MWCNT grafted Poly(lactic acid) (MWCNT-g-PLA) by intercalative polymerization of poly(lactic acid) in the presence of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) functionalized with hydroxyl groups. The functionalized MWCNT has obtained from the treatment of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) with MWCNT, and then the reaction with 1,4-butanediol (BD) to create functional hydroxyl groups. MWCNT-g-PLA-Pd and MWCNT-g-PLA-Pt have prepared from the MWCNT-g-PLA and metal precursors.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine and hydroxylamine by graphene oxide-Pd nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode.

Pd nanoparticle catalysts supported by thiolated graphene oxide (tGO) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and denoted as tGO-Pd/GCE, are used in this study for the electrochemical determination of hydroxylamine and hydrazine. The physicochemical properties of tGO-Pd were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). They showed strong catalytic activity toward the oxidation of hydroxylamine and hydrazine.

Electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 on thiolate graphene oxide covalently to bonded palladium nanoparticles.

The electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide on thioalted graphene oxide (t-GO) covalent bonded to palladium nanoparticles was used as the basis of an H2O2 biosensor. Poly (diallydimethylammonium chloride)-coated t-GO-Pd on glassy carbon electrodes was easily and quickly prepared and gave sensitive measurements of H2O2 concentration. The Pd nanoparticles covalently bonded to the thiolated graphene oxide were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Determination of serotonin on a glassy carbon electrode modified by electropolymerization of meso-tetrakis(2-aminophenyl)porphyrin and single walled carbon nanotubes.

A chemically modified electrode [poly(TAPP)-SWNT/GCE] was prepared by electropolymerization of meso-tetrakis(2-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP)-single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). This modified electrode was employed as an electrochemical biosensor for the determination of serotonin concentration and exhibited a typical enhance effect on the current response of serotonin and lower oxidation overpotential. The biosensor was very effective to determined 5-HT in a mixture.

Reductive determination of hydrogen peroxide with MWCNTs-Pd nanoparticles on a modified glassy carbon electrode.

This paper introduces the use of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles in the electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). We have developed and characterized a biosensor for H(2)O(2) based on Nafion(®) coated MWCNTs-Pd nanoparticles on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The Nafion(®)/MWCNTs-Pd/GCE electrode was easily prepared in a rapid and simple procedure, and its application improves sensitive determination of H(2)O(2).

Fabrication and characterization of organic light-emitting diodes using zinc complexes as hole-blocking layer.

2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HPB) was employed as organic ligand and the corresponding zinc complexes (Zn(HPB)2 and Zn(HPB)q) were synthesized. And their EL properties were characterized. The structures of zinc complexes were determined with FT-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and XPS.