Intravesical instillation-based mTOR-STAT3 dual targeting for bladder cancer treatment.

Background: Recent intravesical administration of adenoviral vectors, either as a single injection or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, exemplified by cretostimogene grenadenorepvec and nadofaragene firadenovec, has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in clinical trials for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Despite their ability to induce an enhanced immune reaction within the lesion, the intracellular survival signaling of cancer cells has not been thoroughly addressed.

Methods: An analysis of the prognostic data revealed a high probability of therapeutic efficacy with simultaneous inhibition of mTOR and STAT3.

hsa-miR-CHA2, a novel microRNA, exhibits anticancer effects by suppressing cyclin E1 in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Despite considerable therapeutic advancements, the global survival rate for lung cancer patients remains poor, posing challenges in developing an effective treatment strategy. In many cases, microRNAs (miRNAs) exhibit abnormal expression levels in cancers, including lung cancer. Dysregulated miRNAs often play a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer.

Isolation and Genomic Analysis of Single Circulating Tumor Cell Using Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase and Desmoglein-2.

As epithelial cells in the circulation are considered to originate from the tumor, the epithelial cell adhesion molecule has been commonly used as a standard marker for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolation. However, it seems to disappear after the epithelial-mesenchymal transition that most cancer cells undergo for intravasation. Thus, more advanced techniques for CTC detection are needed to better understand the clinical significance of CTCs.

The novel microRNA hsa-miR-CHA1 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in human lung cancer by targeting XIAP.

Objectives: MicroRNAs have critical roles in cancer development by regulating the expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. We identified and characterized a novel miRNA, miR-CHA1, in human lung cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate its novel function in human lung cancer by targeting XIAP.

Correction to: Selective killing of circulating tumor cells prevents metastasis and extends survival.

The original article [1] contains an inadvertent omission in the Funding declaration.

Anti-psoriatic effect of myeloid-derived suppressor cells on imiquimod-induced skin inflammation in mice.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in controlling the immune response against cancer and in suppression of autoimmunity and allergic inflammation. However, the beneficial effects of MDSCs on the experimental mouse model of psoriasis have not been reported. Therefore, we investigated the anti-psoriatic effect of MDSCs on IMQ-induced skin inflammation in mice and explored the mechanisms involved.

Selective killing of circulating tumor cells prevents metastasis and extends survival.

Distant metastasis is initiated by circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are considered to be a determining factor for the degree of metastasis and the survival of cancer patients. Although CTC-based diagnostic approaches are being rapidly developed, limited studies have proven the benefits of CTC elimination, with most studies providing only hypothetical inference because of the technical difficulty in examining the effects of CTC elimination in vivo. We modified photodynamic therapy to specifically eliminate green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing CTCs and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of CTC elimination.

The novel hsa-miR-12528 regulates tumourigenesis and metastasis through hypo-phosphorylation of AKT cascade by targeting IGF-1R in human lung cancer.

Lung cancer cases are increasing yearly; however, few novel therapeutic strategies for treating this disease have been developed. Here the dysregulation between microRNAs and oncogenes or tumour-suppressor genes forms a close connection-loop to the development or progression in human lung carcinogenesis. That is, the relationship between microRNAs and carcinogenic mechanism may find the critical clue to improve the treatment efficacy.

Protective effects of agonistic anti-4-1BB antibody on the development of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice.

Agonistic anti-4-1BB antibodies (Abs) play a central role in immunomodulatory conditions that control the pathogenesis of immune-mediated autoimmune and allergic diseases. However, the effects of agonistic anti-4-1BB Abs have not been examined in an experimental mouse model of psoriasis. Therefore, we investigated the protective effects of agonistic anti-4-1BB Abs, using imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice, a condition histologically and clinically similar to human psoriasis.

Association of miR-146aC>G, miR-149C>T, miR-196a2T>C, and miR-499A>G polymorphisms with risk of recurrent implantation failure in Korean women.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of microRNA polymorphisms (miR-146aC>G, miR-149T>C, miR-196a2T>C, and miR-499A>G) in Korean patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF).

Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 354 Korean women: 120 patients with RIF and 234 healthy controls with at least one live birth and no history of pregnancy loss.

Results: The combined miR-146aCG+GG/miR-196a2CC genotype was more frequent in patients than in controls (P<0.

3'-UTR Polymorphisms in the MiRNA Machinery Genes DROSHA, DICER1, RAN, and XPO5 Are Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Korean Population.

MicroRNAs play an important role in cancer initiation and development. The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in miRNA machinery genes are associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). RAN rs14035 CT heterozygotes and T allele carriers (CT + TT) genotypes had lower risk of CRC, while the DICER1 rs3742330, DROSHA rs10719, and XPO5 rs11077 polymorphisms were not associated with CRC in the full study sample.

Discovery and characterization of miRNA during cellular senescence in bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells.

Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest in which specific mRNAs and miRNAs are involved in senescence progression. miRNAs interact with specific mRNAs to regulate various cellular mechanisms, including metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence and differentiation. In this study, we identify and characterize miRNAs during cellular senescence in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Novel anti-nociceptive effects of cardamonin via blocking expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and transglutaminase-2.

Recently, we reported that Alpinia katsumadai (AK) has anti-nociceptive activity in vivo and that cardamonin (CDN) from AK suppresses the activity and expression of transglutaminase-2 (Tgase-2). However, it remains unknown whether CDN contributes to the anti-nociceptive activities of AK in vivo. We examined the anti-inflammatory effects of CDN in MG63 osteoblast-like cells and Raw264.

Expression profiles of subtracted mRNAs during cellular senescence in human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow.

Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest that limits the replicative lifespan of cells. Senescence suppresses development of tumors by regulating aging factors, such as cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) and telomerase. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed between young human mesenchymal stem cells (Y-hMSCs) and senescent human mesenchymal stem cells (S-hMSCs).

miR-7641 modulates the expression of CXCL1 during endothelial differentiation derived from human embryonic stem cells.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression through binding to 3' untranslated region. We identified and characterized the novel miRNA, miR-7641, in human mesenchymal stem cells. The expression of miR-7641 was downregulated during differentiation from human embryonic stem cells to endothelial cells.

The novel miR-7515 decreases the proliferation and migration of human lung cancer cells by targeting c-Met.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in human diseases, including lung cancer. miRNAs have oncogenic and nononcogenic functions in lung cancer. In this study, we report the identification of a novel miRNA, miR-7515, from lung cancer cells.

Discovery and characterization of novel microRNAs during endothelial differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that participate in the regulation of genes associated with the differentiation and proliferation. In this study, 5 novel miRNAs were identified from human mesenchymal stem cells and characterized using various analyses. To investigate the potential functions associated with the regulation of cell differentiation, the differences in miRNA expression were examined in undifferentiated and differentiated human embryonic stem (ES) cells using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis.

The hsa-miR-5787 represses cellular growth by targeting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) in fibroblasts.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate diverse biological processes. We cloned novel small RNA from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and termed microRNA-5787 (hsa-miR-5787) that met the criteria for a miRNA. The level of miR-5787 was elevated in senescent fibroblasts.

The hsa-miR-5739 modulates the endoglin network in endothelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells.

MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that bind to seed sequences on the 3' untranslated regions of their target genes and then negatively regulate gene expressions via the RISC complex. The novel miRNA, hsa-miR-5739, was cloned and characterized its function and cellular expression in current study. The hsa-miR-5739 downregulated endothelial cells that were derived from human ES cells significantly suppressed the translational level of endoglin.

Expression profile of genes identified in human spermatogonial stem cell-like cells using suppression subtractive hybridization.

Spermatogenesis is the process by which testicular spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) self-renew and differentiate into mature sperm in the testis. Maintaining healthy spermatogenesis requires proper proliferation of SSCs. In this study, we sought to identify factors that regulate the proliferation of SSCs.

Increased immortalization-upregulated protein 2 (IMUP-2) by hypoxia induces apoptosis of the trophoblast and pre-eclampsia.

In regulation of the developmental process, the balance between cellular proliferation and cell death is critical. Placental development tightly controls this mechanism, and increased apoptosis of placental trophoblasts can cause a variety of gynecological diseases. Members of the immortalization-upregulated protein (IMUP) family are nuclear proteins implicated in SV40-mediated immortalization and cellular proliferation; however, the mechanisms by which their expression is regulated in placental development are still unknown.