Optomechanical Properties of Swine Skin Tissue Treated With a Nontoxic Optical Clearing Agent.

This study evaluated the optomechanical and structural properties of individual macroscopic layers in swine skin tissues treated with a nontoxic optical clearing agent. The clearing agent was prepared by dissolving 2,2'-thiodiethanol in a phosphate-buffered solution and applied for up to 6 days. Prolonged clearing increased both the total and unscattered transmittance.

The association between inflammatory bowel disease and risk of prostate cancer: a population-based retrospective study based on Korean National Health Insurance Service database.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with the risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa) through a population-based study.

Materials And Methods: Male patients aged ≥40 years, diagnosed with IBD from 2010 to 2013 and without IBD were identified and followed-up till 2019. A matched cohort of male patients with and without IBD in a ratio of 1:4 was created based on age, income level, and Charlson comorbidity index.

Interface-Driven Catalytic Enhancements in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Immobilized CoNiS@ReS/CC Heterostructures for Optimized Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Seawater-Splitting.

The rational design of multicomponent heterostructure is an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts for water and seawater electrolysis in alkaline conditions. Herein, MOF-derived nitrogen-doped carbon/nickel-cobalt sulfides coupled vertically aligned Rhenium disulfide (ReS) on carbon cloth (NC-CoNiS@ReS/CC) are constructed via hydrothermal and activation approaches. Experimental and theoretical analysis demonstrates that the strong interactions between multiple interfaces promote electron redistribution and facilitate water dissociation, thereby optimizing *H adsorption energy for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

Sites of Metastasis and Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From the Korean Renal Cancer Study Group Database.

Background: In patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), sites of metastatic involvement have been reported to be associated with a difference in survival. However, the frequency and survival according to different sites of metastases in Korean patients with mRCC remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the frequency of metastatic site involvement and the association between sites of metastatic involvement and survival in Korean patients with mRCC.

Age Does Not Impact Cancer Specific Mortality: From Sub-Distributional and Cause-Specific Hazard Analysis in RCC Patients Undergoing Radical Nephrectomy and Thrombectomy.

Objective: To assess the impact of age on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy (RNTx) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous thrombus.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 196 patients who underwent RNTx for RCC with venous thrombus between 1990 and 2018 at a single tertiary referral center. Patients were categorized into three age groups: <60, 60-69, and ≥70 years.

Interfacial Regulation of Rice-Grain-like Iron-Nickel Phosphide Nanorods on Phosphorus-Doped Graphene Architectures as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting.

The design of bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a hierarchical structure is important to improve the electrocatalytic performance of catalysts due to their synergistic effect on different metal ions. In this work, the catalyst comprises bimetallic iron-nickel MOF-derived FeNi phosphides, intricately integrated with phosphorus-doped reduced graphene oxide architectures (FeNiP-C/P-rGA) through the hydrothermal and phosphating treatments. The hierarchical architecture of the catalyst is beneficial for exposing active sites and facilitating electron transfer.

Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer on CuO/TiCT MXene for Propane (CH) Synthesis from Electrochemical CO Reduction.

Electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) to produce value-added multi-carbon chemicals has been an appealing approach to achieving environmentally friendly carbon neutrality in recent years. Despite extensive research focusing on the use of CO to produce high-value chemicals like high-energy-density hydrocarbons, there have been few reports on the production of propane (CH), which requires carbon chain elongation and protonation. A rationally designed 0D/2D hybrid CuO anchored-TiCT MXene catalyst (CuO/MXene) is demonstrated with efficient CORR activity in an aqueous electrolyte to produce CH.

Parental Divorce in Childhood and the Accelerated Epigenetic Aging for Earlier and Later Cohorts: Role of Mediators of Chronic Depressive Symptoms, Education, Smoking, Obesity, and Own Marital Disruption.

We examine effects of parental divorce on epigenetic aging in later adulthood for two birth cohorts: one born in the early 20th century and the other born in the later 20th century. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 1,545), we examine the relationship between parental divorce in childhood and accelerated epigenetic aging in older adulthood as indicated by the Dunedin methylation Pace of Aging score. We assess how this relationship is mediated by chronic depressive symptoms, education, lifetime smoking, body mass index (BMI), and an older adult's own divorce.

Propensity score matched analysis of functional outcome in five thousand cases of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy versus high-intensity focused ultrasound.

Background: To evaluate functional outcome after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for prostate cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 4,983 RARP and 230 HIFU procedures performed at a single tertiary center. A 1:4 ratio propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to achieve baseline equivalence in age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, clinical stage, prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, biopsy grade, and number of positive cores.

Generations of epigenetic clocks and their links to socioeconomic status in the Health and Retirement Study.

This is a brief description of links between nine epigenetic clocks related to human aging and socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics as well as health outcomes. We estimate frequently used and novel clocks from one data source, the Health and Retirement Study. While all of these clocks are thought to reflect "aging," they use different CpG sites and do not strongly relate to each other.

Acupuncture for Chronic Radiation-Induced Xerostomia in Head and Neck Cancer: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients with head and neck cancer who undergo radiotherapy can develop chronic radiation-induced xerostomia. Prior acupuncture studies were single center and rated as having high risk of bias, making it difficult to know the benefits of acupuncture for treating radiation-induced xerostomia.

Objective: To compare true acupuncture (TA), sham acupuncture (SA), and standard oral hygiene (SOH) for treating radiation-induced xerostomia.

The Association Between Cardiometabolic Risk and Cognitive Function Among Older Americans and Chinese.

Background: Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is associated with cognitive health, but the association can be affected by broader social, economic, and medical contexts. The United States and China have very different developmental and epidemiological histories, and thus CMR among older people could be linked to cognitive function differently in the 2 countries.

Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal ordinary least squares regression models were estimated for each country using nationally representative samples of populations over age 50: 7 430/4 474 Americans and 6 108/3 655 Chinese in the cross-sectional/longitudinal samples.

The role of preoperative immune cell metrics in renal cell carcinoma with a tumor thrombus.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to stratify preoperative immune cell counts by cancer specific outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a tumor thrombus after radical nephrectomy with tumor thrombectomy.

Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of RCC with tumor thrombus that underwent radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy across an international consortium of seven institutions were included. Patients who were metastatic at diagnosis and those who received preoperative medical treatment were also included.

Evaluation of histological variants of upper tract urothelial carcinoma as prognostic factor after radical nephroureterectomy.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of variant histology on patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) survival outcomes.

Materials And Methods: A total of 519 patients underwent radical nephroureterectomy without neoadjuvant therapy for UTUC at a single institution between May 2003 and December 2019. Multivariate Cox regression analysis evaluated the impact of variant histology on progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS).

Interfacial Design of TiCT MXene/Graphene Heterostructures Boosted Ru Nanoclusters with High Activity Toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

The development of a cost-competitive and efficient electrocatalyst is both attractive and challenging for hydrogen production by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a facile glycol reduction method to construct Ru nanoclusters coupled with hierarchical exfoliated-MXene/reduced graphene oxide architectures (Ru-E-MXene/rGA) is reported. The hierarchical structure, formed by the self-assembly of graphene oxides, can effectively prohibit the self-stacking of MXene nanosheets.

Machine learning models for predicting the onset of chronic kidney disease after surgery in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have an elevated risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) following nephrectomy. Therefore, continuous monitoring and subsequent interventions are necessary. It is recommended to evaluate renal function postoperatively.

Defect engineered ternary metal spinel-type Ni-Fe-Co oxide as bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall electrochemical water splitting.

Transition metal spinel oxides were engineered with active elements as bifunctional water splitting electrocatalysts to deliver superior intrinsic activity, stability, and improved conductivity to support green hydrogen production. In this study, we reported the ternary metal Ni-Fe-Co spinel oxide electrocatalysts prepared by defect engineering strategy with rich and deficient Na ions, termed NFCO-Na and NFCO, which suggest the formation of defects with Na forming tensile strain. The Na-rich NiFeCoO spinel oxide reveals lattice expansion, resulting in the formation of a defective crystal structure, suggesting higher electrocatalytic active sites.