Development of 50 InDel-based barcode system for genetic identification of tartary buckwheat resources.

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gartn.) is a highly functional crop that is poised to be the target of many future breeding efforts. The reliable ex situ conservation of various genetic resources is essential for the modern breeding of tartary buckwheat varieties.

α-Solanine Isolated From Solanum Tuberosum L. cv Jayoung Abrogates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses Via NF-κB Inactivation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Endotoxin-Induced Shock Model in Mice.

α-Solanine, a trisaccharide glycoalkaloid, has been reported to possess anti-cancer effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of α-solanine isolated from "Jayoung" a dark purple-fleshed potato by examining its in vitro inhibitory effects on inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and its in vivo effects on LPS-induced septic shock in a mouse model.

Solanum tuberosum L. cv Jayoung Epidermis Extract Inhibits Mite Antigen-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice by Regulating the Th1/Th2 Balance and Expression of Filaggrin.

Solanum tuberosum L. cv Jayoung (JY) is a potato with dark purple flesh and contains substantial amounts of polyphenols. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of S.

α-Chaconine isolated from a Solanum tuberosum L. cv Jayoung suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediators via AP-1 inactivation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and protects mice from endotoxin shock.

In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of α-chaconine in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and in LPS-induced septic mice. α-Chaconine inhibited the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at the transcriptional level, and attenuated the transcriptional activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) by reducing the translocation and phosphorylation of c-Jun.

Chloroform fraction of Solanum tuberosum L. cv Jayoung epidermis suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages and DSS-induced colitis in mice.

In this study, the authors investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the antiinflammatory effects of the chloroform fraction of the peel of 'Jayoung' (CFPJ), a color-fleshed potato, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. CFPJ inhibited the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the transcription level, and attenuated the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by reducing the translocation of NF-κB depending on degradation of inhibitory κB-α (IκB-α).

Pectolinarin and Pectolinarigenin of Cirsium setidens Prevent the Hepatic Injury in Rats Caused by D-Galactosamine via an Antioxidant Mechanism.

To identify the hepatoprotective component from the leaves of Cirsium setidens (Compositae), the methanolic extract was divided into two fractions, chloroform and butanol fractions, and their hepatoprotective efficacy was evaluated in a rat model of hepatic injury caused by D-galactosamine (GalN). Hepatoprotective activity was measured by the activity of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Glutathione metabolism was measured via biochemical parameters such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels.

Anti-ulcerogenic effects of the flavonoid-rich fraction from the extract of Orostachys japonicus in mice.

Orostachys japonicus (Crassulaceae) herbal preparations have been used to treat gastric ulcer or gastric cancer disease in Korean folk medicine. To demonstrate the effects of the methanol (MeOH) extract of O. japonicus and its fractions on gastric lesions and pain, the MeOH extract was fractionated into triterpene-rich and flavonoid-rich (FRF) fractions.

The MeOH extract of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and its active component buddlejasaponin (IV) inhibits intrinsic and extrinsic hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia in the rat.

The inhibitory effect of the MeOH extract of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum (Umbelliferase) and its fractions were tested in hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic rats using four animal models induced using poloxamer-407 or using Triton WR-1339 as intrinsic inducers and by 30% corn oil or high cholesterol diet as extrinsic inducers. We measured serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels as measures of its hypocholesterolemic or hypolipidemic effects. Since the MeOH extract and the BuOH fraction of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum were found to be active using these four hypolipidemic assays, its major saponin buddlejasaponin IV {BS(IV)} isolated from the BuOH fraction were also tested to demonstrate the active components.

Anti-inflammatory activities of ent-16alphaH,17-hydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid isolated from the roots of Siegesbeckia pubescens are due to the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages via NF-kappaB inactivation.

To isolate the anti-inflammatory components in Siegesbeckia pubescens root, we performed activity-guided fractionation using a carrageenan-induced edema rat model. Antinociceptive effects were followed using acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and hot plate tests in mice. Chloroform extract was subjected to silica gel and octadesyl silane (ODS) column chromatography, and a diterpene was isolated which was identified as ent-16alphaH,17-hydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid (siegeskaurolic acid).

The anti-gastropathic and anti-rheumatic effect of niga-ichigoside F1 and 23-hydroxytormentic acid isolated from the unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus in a rat model.

This study was undertaken to produce the clinical merits of two natural antinociceptive anti-inflammatory triterpenoids which synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs do not have. The triterpenoid glycoside niga-ichigoside F1 (NIF1) and its aglycone 23-hydroxytormentic acid (23-HTA), which were isolated from the unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus (Rosaceae), reduced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) factor and C-reactive protein (CRP) factor in Freund's complete adjuvant reagent-induced rats, suggesting that these two triterpenoids had an anti-rheumatic effect. It was also shown that treatment with NIF1 or 23-HTA reduced gastric lesion extent, acidity and total gastric acid output induced by EtOH plus sodium salicylate in a gastric secretion test.

Antinociceptive anti-inflammatory effect of Monotropein isolated from the root of Morinda officinalis.

The root of Morinda officinalis (Rubiaceae) is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and impotence in the traditional Oriental medicine. To identify the antinociceptive anti-inflammatory components of this crude drug, we adopted an activity-directed fractionation approach. The active fraction of the BuOH extract of M.

Isolation of saponins with the inhibitory effect on nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from Pleurospermum kamtschaticum.

As an attempt to search for bioactive natural products exerting antiinflammatory activity, we have isolated two saponins were isolated from the aerial portion of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum (Umbelliferae) by nitrite assay activity-directed chromatographic fractionation. They were identified as saikogenin F 3-O-{beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside} (buddlejasaponin IV, 1) and 3beta,16beta,23,28-tetrahydroxy-11alpha-methoxyolean-12-ene 3-O-{beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside} (buddlejasaponin IVa, 2). Compound 1 significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, and it also significantly decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage Raw 264.

Eugenol isolated from the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata induces a reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells.

Eugenol is a major component of essential oil isolated from the Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae), which has been widely used as a herbal drug. In this study, we investigated the effects of eugenol on the cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, and the putative pathways of its actions in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) under the standard laboratory illumination. Eugenol-treated HL-60 cells displayed features of apoptosis including DNA fragmentation and formation of DNA ladders in agarose gel electrophoresis.

In-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the methanol extract of the roots of Morinda officinalis.

The anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of the roots of Morinda officinalis (MEMO) (Rubiaceae) were evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo. The effects of MEMO on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced responses in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 were examined.

Antiinflammatory effects of chiisanoside and chiisanogenin obtained from the leaves of Acanthopanax chiisanensis in the carrageenan- and Freund's complete adjuvant-induced rats.

To find the antiinflammtory constituents of Acanthopanax chiisanensis (Araliaceae) leaves, phytochemical isolation procedures were performed by activity-guided fractionation in carrageenan- and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) reagent-induced rat models, respectively. In the two assay system, the MeOH extract (100 and 250 mg/kg, p.o.

19Alpha-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids: antinociceptive anti-inflammatory principles of the roots of Rosa rugosa.

To search for antiinflammtory 19alpha-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids, the MeOH extract of the roots of Rosa rugosa (Rosaceae) was fractionated. The active fraction of the EtOAc extract was hydrolyzed in alkaline solution to give a hydrolyzed fraction. Both extracts showed antiinflammatory/antinociceptive action in acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate testing and in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in mice and rats.

Structure of a new echinocystic acid bisdesmoside isolated from Codonopsis lanceolata roots and the cytotoxic activity of prosapogenins.

We isolated a new saponin named codonoposide (1) from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) and characterized it as 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-3beta,16alpha-dihydroxyolean-28-oic acid 28-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl] ester by chemical, physicochemical, and 2DNMR techniques. Complete hydrolysis of 1 produced a sapogenin (1a), and the partial hydrolysis and further isolation afforded two prosapogenins (1b, 1c). The structures of 1a, 1b, and 1c were found to be 3beta,16alpha-dihydroxyolean-28-oic acid (echinocystic acid, 1a), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside of 1a, and 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside of 1a, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic data.