Impact of deep learning-based reconstruction and anti-peristaltic agent on the image quality and diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance enterography comparing single breath-hold single-shot fast spin echo with and without anti-peristaltic agent.

Background: While anti-peristaltic agents are beneficial for high quality magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), their use is constrained by potential side effects and increased examination complexity. We explored the potential of deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) to compensate for the absence of anti-peristaltic agent, improve image quality and reduce artifact. This study aimed to evaluate the need for an anti-peristaltic agent in single breath-hold single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) MRE and compare the image quality and artifacts between conventional reconstruction (CR) and DLR.

LAVA HyperSense and deep-learning reconstruction for near-isotropic (3D) enhanced magnetic resonance enterography in patients with Crohn's disease: utility in noise reduction and image quality improvement.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare near-isotropic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CE-T1W) magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) images reconstructed with vendor-supplied deep-learning reconstruction (DLR) with those reconstructed conventionally in terms of image quality.

Methods: A total of 35 patients who underwent MRE for Crohn's disease between August 2021 and February 2022 were included in this retrospective study. The enteric phase CE-T1W MRE images of each patient were reconstructed with conventional reconstruction and no image filter (original), with conventional reconstruction and image filter (filtered), and with a prototype version of AIR Recon DL 3D (DLR), which were then reformatted into the axial plane to generate six image sets per patient.

Correlation Between Computed Tomography Findings and the Laboratory Test-Derived Severity Score in Patients With Severe Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis.

Objective: This study aimed to compare computed tomography (CT) findings between patients with severe and nonsevere acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH).

Methods: We included 96 patients diagnosed with AAH between January 2011 and October 2021 who underwent 4-phase liver CT and laboratory blood tests. Two radiologists reviewed the initial CT images with respect to distribution and grade of hepatic steatosis; transient parenchymal arterial enhancement (TPAE); and presence of cirrhosis, ascites, and hepatosplenomegaly.

Closed loop obstruction of small bowel: CT signs predicting successful non-surgical treatment.

Purpose: To clarify the computed tomography (CT) findings related to successful conservative treatments in patients with closed-loop small bowel obstruction (CL-SBO) without evidence of bowel strangulation.

Methods: Sixty-four patients (71 CT scans) diagnosed with CL-SBO by CT and received initial conservative treatments from May 2010 to August 2020 were retrospectively included. Two blinded radiologists reviewed the CT findings, including the transition zone (number, distance, and location), maximum bowel diameter, mesenteric haziness, mesenteric fluid, increased unenhanced bowel wall attenuation, decreased bowel wall enhancement, small bowel feces sign, whirl sign, bowel wall thickening, ascites, and degree of obstruction.

Imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were searched for studies providing data on imaging features of HCC in NAFLD and NASH between January 1, 2011 and July 19, 2021. Random effects models were used to calculate the pooled percentages of the three major features of arterial-phase hyperenhancement (APHE), washout, and enhancing capsule.

Is the Mixed Use of Magnetic Resonance Enterography and Computed Tomography Enterography Adequate for Routine Periodic Follow-Up of Bowel Inflammation in Patients with Crohn's Disease?

Objective: Computed tomography enterography (CTE) and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) are considered substitutes for each other for evaluating Crohn's disease (CD). However, the adequacy of mixing them for routine periodic follow-up for CD has not been established. This study aimed to compare MRE alone with the mixed use of CTE and MRE for the periodic follow-up of small bowel inflammation in patients with CD.

Association between Texture Analysis Parameters and Molecular Biologic KRAS Mutation in Non-Mucinous Rectal Cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based texture parameters and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation in patients with non-mucinous rectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-nine patients who had pathologically confirmed rectal non-mucinous adenocarcinoma with or without KRAS-mutation and had undergone rectal MRI were divided into a training ( = 46) and validation dataset ( = 33). A texture analysis was performed on the axial T2-weighted images.

Accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound liver imaging reporting and data system: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: After the introduction of the contrast-enhanced ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (CEUS LI-RADS), several studies have reported on its performance, but the reported data vary considerably. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the diagnostic performance of CEUS LI-RADS in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and investigate the causes of study heterogeneity.

Methods: Original studies published until May 30, 2020, investigating the diagnostic performance of CEUS LI-RADS were identified in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases.

Comparison of diagnostic performance between diffusion kurtosis imaging parameters and mono-exponential ADC for determination of clinically significant cancer in patients with prostate cancer.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance between diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters and mono-exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for determination of clinically significant cancer (CSC, Gleason score (GS) ≥ 7) in patients with histologically proven prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: A total of 92 patients (mean age: 71.5 years, range: 47-89 years) who had been diagnosed as PCa and undergone 3 T-MRI including DWI (b values, 0, 100, 1000, 2000s/mm) were included in this study.

Inconsistency in the use of the term "validation" in studies reporting the performance of deep learning algorithms in providing diagnosis from medical imaging.

Background: The development of deep learning (DL) algorithms is a three-step process-training, tuning, and testing. Studies are inconsistent in the use of the term "validation", with some using it to refer to tuning and others testing, which hinders accurate delivery of information and may inadvertently exaggerate the performance of DL algorithms. We investigated the extent of inconsistency in usage of the term "validation" in studies on the accuracy of DL algorithms in providing diagnosis from medical imaging.

CT-determined resectability of borderline resectable and unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma following FOLFIRINOX therapy.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the ability of CT-determined resectability, as defined by a recent version of NCCN criteria, and associated CT findings to predict margin-negative (R0) resection in patients with PDAC after neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy.

Methods: Sixty-four patients (36 men and 28 women; mean age, 58.8 years) with borderline resectable or unresectable PDAC who received neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX were evaluated retrospectively.

Deep Learning Algorithm for Automated Segmentation and Volume Measurement of the Liver and Spleen Using Portal Venous Phase Computed Tomography Images.

Objective: Measurement of the liver and spleen volumes has clinical implications. Although computed tomography (CT) volumetry is considered to be the most reliable noninvasive method for liver and spleen volume measurement, it has limited application in clinical practice due to its time-consuming segmentation process. We aimed to develop and validate a deep learning algorithm (DLA) for fully automated liver and spleen segmentation using portal venous phase CT images in various liver conditions.

Development and Validation of a Simple Index Based on Non-Enhanced CT and Clinical Factors for Prediction of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Objective: A widely applicable, non-invasive screening method for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is needed. We aimed to develop and validate an index combining computed tomography (CT) and routine clinical data for screening for NAFLD in a large cohort of adults with pathologically proven NAFLD.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 2218 living liver donors who had undergone liver biopsy and CT within a span of 3 days.

Assessment of liver fibrosis severity using computed tomography-based liver and spleen volumetric indices in patients with chronic liver disease.

Objectives: To evaluate whether the liver and spleen volumetric indices, measured on portal venous phase CT images, could be used to assess liver fibrosis severity in chronic liver disease.

Methods: From 2007 to 2017, 558 patients (mean age 48.7 ± 13.

Relationship between Lower Dose and Injection Speed of Iodinated Contrast Material for CT and Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions: An Observational Study.

BackgroundThere are few data on the relationship between acute hypersensitivity reactions and the dose and injection rate of iodinated contrast material for CT.PurposeTo determine the relationship between lower dose and injection speed of iodinated contrast material for CT and the rate of acute hypersensitivity reactions.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included adults (age ≥18 years) undergoing nonionic iodinated contrast material-enhanced abdominal CT between August 2016 and January 2017 (control period) and between August 2017 and January 2018 (intervention period); all examinations were conducted in an outpatient setting.

Validation of US Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2017 in Patients at High Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background The 2017 version of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) recently included standardized interpretation, reporting, and management guidelines for US (US LI-RADS); however, this system has not yet been validated. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of US LI-RADS version 2017 for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in participants at high risk and to determine the clinical factors associated with a poor visualization score. Materials and Methods This study included 407 prospectively recruited participants (mean age, 56 years; age range, 28-76 years) with cirrhosis at high risk for HCC who underwent US surveillance from November 2011 to August 2012.

Added value of diffusion-weighted imaging for evaluation of extramural venous invasion in patients with primary rectal cancer.

Objective:: To evaluate the added value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to T weighted imaging (T WI) for detection of extramural venous invasion (EMVI) in patients with primary rectal cancer.

Methods:: 79 patients (50 men, 29 females, mean age 67.4 years, range 37-87 years) who had undergone rectal MRI and subsequently received surgical resection were included.

Comparison of diagnostic performance between 1 millisievert CT enterography and half-standard dose CT enterography for evaluating active inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of CT enterography (CTE) images obtained at 1 millisievert (mSv) and reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) with those of half-dose CTE images for the evaluation of active inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease.

Methods: Forty-six consecutive patients (mean age 29 years; range 15-59 years) with Crohn's disease underwent CTE which comprised a standard-dose scan at the enteric phase (45 s), a half-dose scan with ASIR at the portal venous phase (70 s), and 1 mSv scans with FBP and ASIR at the delayed phase (90 s) under a fixed 120 kVp and variable mAs. Two blinded readers independently recorded confidence scores for active inflammation in the ileum and terminal ileum, respectively.

Evaluation of bowel distension and bowel wall visualization according to patient positions during administration of oral contrast media for CT enterography.

Objective: To compare small bowel distension and bowel wall visualization among three different patients' positions (supine, sitting and right decubitus) during administration of oral contrast media in preparation for CT enterography (CTE).

Methods: A total of 150 consecutive patients (104 males and 46 females; mean age 34.6 years, range 15-78 years) who were scheduled to undergo CTE were recruited.

Comparison of Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction, Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction, and Filtered Back Projection for Detecting Hepatic Metastases on Submillisievert Low-Dose Computed Tomography.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic performance of model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR), adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR), and filtered back projection (FBP) on submillisievert low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for detecting hepatic metastases.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients having hepatic metastases underwent abdomen CT. Computed tomography protocol consisted of routine standard-dose portal venous phase scan (120 kVp) and 90-second delayed low-dose scan (80 kVp).

Incidentally detected breast lesions on chest CT with US correlation: a pictorial essay.

With the increasing use of computed tomography (CT), incidental breast lesions are detected more frequently. When interpreting chest CT findings, it is important for radiologists to carefully review the breast to recognize any abnormal findings that could affect patient management. The purpose of this study is to discuss incidental breast lesions on chest CT with ultrasonography correlation that may be encountered in routine clinical practice.

Low-dose CT for patients with clinically suspected acute appendicitis: optimal strength of sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction for image quality and diagnostic performance.

Background: As there is increased concern over the radiation exposure particularly in adolescents and young adults, computed tomography (CT) dose reduction is needed in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the optimal strength of sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) to obtain the best image quality on a 30-mAs applied low-dose CT (LDCT 30mAs) and to compare the diagnostic performances of the LDCT 30mAs with different SAFIRE strengths with that of the 100-mAs applied LDCT (LDCT 100mAs) for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Material And Methods: A total of 102 consecutive patients (47 men, 55 women; mean age, 41.

The efficacy of repeated radiofrequency medial branch neurotomy for lumbar facet syndrome.

Objective: Radiofrequency (RF) medial branch neurotomy is an effective management of lumbar facet syndrome. However, pain may recur after period of time. When pain recurs, it can be repeated, but the successful outcome and duration of relief from repeated procedures are not clearly known.