Automatic Virtual Contrast-Enhanced CT Synthesis Using Dual-Energy CT and Residual U-Net with Attention Module for Detecting Pulmonary Hilar Lymphadenopathy.

Rationale And Objectives: To propose an automatic virtual contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) synthesis using dual-energy CT and a Residual U-Net with an attention module to detect clinically significant hilar lymphadenopathy.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2082 patients who underwent dual-energy chest CT scans. Our approach utilized a Residual U-Net combined with a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to transform non-contrast CT images into virtual contrast-enhanced CT images.

Pixel-Wise Interstitial Lung Disease Interval Change Analysis: A Quantitative Evaluation Method for Chest Radiographs Using Weakly Supervised Learning.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is characterized by progressive pathological changes that require timely and accurate diagnosis. The early detection and progression assessment of ILD are important for effective management. This study introduces a novel quantitative evaluation method utilizing chest radiographs to analyze pixel-wise changes in ILD.

SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung carcinoma: clinicodemographic, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography features.

Background: SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung carcinoma (SD-NSCLC) is a relatively rare tumor, which occurs in 5-10% of NSCLC. Based on World Health Organization thoracic tumor classification system, SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SD-UT) is recognized as a separate entity from SD-NSCLC. Differentiation between SD-NSCLC and SD-UT is often difficult due to shared biological continuum, but often required for choosing appropriate treatment regimen.

AI-assisted Analysis to Facilitate Detection of Humeral Lesions on Chest Radiographs.

Purpose To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system for humeral tumor detection on chest radiographs (CRs) and evaluate the impact on reader performance. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, 14 709 CRs (January 2000 to December 2021) were collected from 13 468 patients, including CT-proven normal ( = 13 116) and humeral tumor ( = 1593) cases. The data were divided into training and test groups.

CT evaluation of systemic artery to pulmonary artery fistula: an underdiagnosed disease in patients with hemoptysis.

Background: Systemic artery to pulmonary artery fistula (SA-PAF) is an uncommon disease which is often incidentally diagnosed during evaluation of hemoptysis patients. The aim of our study was to describe the cases of SA-PAF in our institution and to report the correlating clinical and radiological findings.

Methods: We reviewed 231 chest computed tomography (CT) scans performed in our institution due to hemoptysis from January 2020 to February 2023.

Placental transmogrification of the lung: CT findings with pathologic correlation in six patients.

Background: Placental transmogrification of the lung is a very rare benign lung disease with a characteristic finding being alveoli resembling chorionic villi of the placenta. The purpose of this study was to assess the computed tomography (CT) findings of placental transmogrification of the lung in six patients and their relation to the histopathologic findings.

Methods: Six patients with histopathologically proven placental transmogrification of the lung from 2004 to 2021 were included.

Application of Machine Learning Algorithm in Predicting Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis from Breast Cancer on Preoperative Chest CT.

Axillary lymph node (ALN) status is one of the most critical prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer. However, ALN evaluation with contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) has been challenging. Machine learning (ML) is known to show excellent performance in image recognition tasks.

Predictors of critical illness among young males with chest pain, abdominal pain, or headaches in the Republic of Korea Army.

Purpose: Chest pain, abdominal pain, and headache are common symptoms associated with critical illness. Here, we aimed to evaluate predictors associated with critical illness in young males of the Republic of Korea Army.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed previously healthy young males with chest pain, abdominal pain, or headaches who visited Armed Forces Seoul District Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020.

Estimating the Volume of Nodules and Masses on Serial Chest Radiography Using a Deep-Learning-Based Automatic Detection Algorithm: A Preliminary Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the volume of the pulmonary nodules and masses on serial chest X-rays (CXRs) from deep-learning-based automatic detection algorithm (DLAD)-based parameters.

Methods: In a retrospective single-institutional study, 72 patients, who obtained serial CXRs ( = 147) for pulmonary nodules or masses with corresponding chest CT images as the reference standards, were included. A pre-trained DLAD based on a convolutional neural network was developed to detect and localize nodules using 13,710 radiographs and to calculate a localization map and the derived parameters (e.

Comparison of 2 shear wave elastography systems in reproducibility and accuracy using an elasticity phantom.

This study aimed to compare the accuracy and inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of the measured elasticity between 2 shear wave elastography systems. Three breast radiologists examined 8 targets of 4 different levels of stiffness (size: 11 mm, 4 mm) in an elasticity phantom (Customized 049A Elasticity QA Phantom, CIRS, Norfolk, VA, USA) using 2 different shear wave ultrasound elastography systems: SuperSonic Imagine (SSI) (SSI, Aix en Provence, France) and ShearScan (RS-80A, Samsung Medison, Seoul, Korea). Three radiologists performed ultrasound (US) elastography examinations for the phantom lesions using 2 equipment over a 1-week interval.

CT features and disease spread patterns in ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinomas: comparison with those of EGFR-mutant or ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinomas.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in CT characteristics and disease spread patterns between ROS1-rearranged adenocarcinomas and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged adenocarcinomas. Patients with stage IIIb/IV adenocarcinoma with ROS1 rearrangement, EGFR mutations, or ALK rearrangement were retrospectively identified. Two radiologists evaluated CT features and disease spread patterns.

Resected Pure Small Cell Lung Carcinomas and Combined Small Cell Lung Carcinomas: Histopathology Features, Imaging Features, and Prognoses.

Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate histopathology features, imaging features, and prognoses of surgically resected pure small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) and combined SCLCs.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one patients with a pure SCLC or a combined SCLC underwent preoperative chest CT and F-FDG PET/CT and subsequent surgical resection. The clinicopathologic findings were noted by reviewing the electronic medical records.

Subcentimeter hypervascular nodules with typical imaging findings of hepatocellular carcinoma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: Outcomes of early treatment and watchful waiting.

Objectives: To compare treatment outcomes of subcentimeter hypervascular nodules at high risk for developing into hepatocellular carcinomas (SHNHR) between early treatment and watchful waiting until progression to overt hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) groups.

Methods: SHNHRs were defined as subcentimeter hypervascular nodules with the usual imaging features of HCC on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Among 63 patients with 74 SHNHRs, 27 (37 SHNHRs) received early treatment (treatment of < 1 cm nodules), and 36 (37 SHNHRs) underwent watchful waiting until progression to overt HCC.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in the thorax: Clinicopathologic, CT, PET, and prognostic features.

Little is known about prognostic factors in epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE). We aimed to identify prognostic factors among various clinicopathologic and imaging features of thoracic EHEs.Forty-two patients (male:female = 20:22; median age, 49 years) of EHEs with (n = 19) and without (n = 23) thoracic involvement were included.