Cortical VIP neurons as a critical node for dopamine actions.

Dopamine modulates a wide range of cognitive processes in the prefrontal cortex, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the roles of prefrontal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-expressing neurons and their D1 receptors (D1Rs) in working memory using a delayed match-to-sample task in mice. VIP neurons conveyed robust working-memory signals, and their inactivation impaired behavioral performance.

Clinical Feasibility and Technical Aspects of Single Port Robotic TransAnal Minimally Invasive Surgery (SP-rTAMIS) for Rectal Neoplasm.

Background: Single port robotic platform offers articulation and 360° camera rotation for anorectal tumour excision in a narrow pelvic space. This study assesses the clinical usefulness and outcomes of SP robotic transanal surgery.

Methods: Nine patients who underwent transanal excision using the SP robotic platform were included.

A prospective comparison of two computer aided detection systems with different false positive rates in colonoscopy.

This study evaluated the impact of differing false positive (FP) rates in two computer-aided detection (CADe) systems on the clinical effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted colonoscopy. The primary outcomes were adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC). The ADR in the control, system A (3.

Comorbid diseases in bullous pemphigoid: A population-based case-control study.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most prevalent autoimmune blistering disorder, triggered by autoantibodies targeting hemidesmosome components. It is associated with substantial morbidity and increased mortality. No studies comprehensively evaluate all comorbidities before and after diagnosing patients with BP.

Corrigendum: Development and validation of next-generation sequencing panel for personalized eradication treatment targeting multiple species.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.

Psychometric Properties and Meaningful Change Thresholds of the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index.

Importance: Defining meaningful improvement using the Total Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (T-VASI) and the Facial VASI (F-VASI) aids interpretation of findings from clinical trials evaluating vitiligo treatments; however, clear and clinically meaningful thresholds have not yet been established.

Objective: To assess concept validity and measurement performance of the T-VASI and F-VASI in patients with nonsegmental vitiligo and to identify meaningful change thresholds.

Design, Settings, And Participants: This mixed-methods study consisted of a secondary analysis of a phase 2 multicenter double-blind dose-ranging randomized clinical trial and embedded qualitative interviews conducted at 35 sites in Canada, France, Japan, and the US.

A five-year-old boy with anaphylaxis reaction to gadolinium-based MR contrast medium: a case report.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most widely used tests in orthopedic areas. Gadolinium-based magnetic resonance (MR) contrast media are commonly used for MRI tests. They are known to be safe with little side effects and low incidence of acute adverse reactions.

Spatial oncology: Translating contextual biology to the clinic.

Microscopic examination of cells in their tissue context has been the driving force behind diagnostic histopathology over the past two centuries. Recently, the rise of advanced molecular biomarkers identified through single cell profiling has increased our understanding of cellular heterogeneity in cancer but have yet to significantly impact clinical care. Spatial technologies integrating molecular profiling with microenvironmental features are poised to bridge this translational gap by providing critical in situ context for understanding cellular interactions and organization.

Thyroid Carcinoma With Fusion and Secondary Promoter Mutation: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is a rare but highly aggressive tumor characterized by translocation of the gene. To date, only about 20 NUT carcinomas arising from the thyroid have been reported in the literature, with the majority showing immunohistochemical markers indicative of squamous differentiation. We present a 29-year-old man with NUT carcinoma arising from thyroid follicular cells.

Spatially resolved analysis of pancreatic cancer identifies therapy-associated remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.

In combination with cell-intrinsic properties, interactions in the tumor microenvironment modulate therapeutic response. We leveraged single-cell spatial transcriptomics to dissect the remodeling of multicellular neighborhoods and cell-cell interactions in human pancreatic cancer associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We developed spatially constrained optimal transport interaction analysis (SCOTIA), an optimal transport model with a cost function that includes both spatial distance and ligand-receptor gene expression.

Effectiveness of a novel artificial intelligence-assisted colonoscopy system for adenoma detection: a prospective, propensity score-matched, non-randomized controlled study in Korea.

Background/aims: The real-world effectiveness of computer-aided detection (CADe) systems during colonoscopies remains uncertain. We assessed the effectiveness of the novel CADe system, ENdoscopy as AI-powered Device (ENAD), in enhancing the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and other quality indicators in real-world clinical practice.

Methods: We enrolled patients who underwent elective colonoscopies between May 2022 and October 2022 at a tertiary healthcare center.

Clinical impact of a multimodal pain management protocol for loop ileostomy reversal.

Purpose: As introduced, multimodal pain management bundle for ileostomy reversal may be considered to reduce postoperative pain and hospital stay. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of perioperative multimodal pain bundle for ileostomy.

Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent ileostomy reversal after rectal cancer surgery from April 2017 to March 2020 were analyzed.

Association between depression and young-onset dementia in middle-aged women.

Background: Dementia is associated with older adults; however, it can also affect younger individuals, known as young-onset dementia (YOD), when diagnosed before the age of 65 years. We aimed to conduct a retrospective cohort study involving middle-aged women to investigate the association between premorbid depression and YOD development.

Methods: We included 1.

Colon cancer: the 2023 Korean clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea and the third leading cause of death from cancer. Treatment outcomes for colon cancer are steadily improving due to national health screening programs with advances in diagnostic methods, surgical techniques, and therapeutic agents..

Socioeconomic and Other Risk Factors for Retear after Arthroscopic Surgery for Nontraumatic Rotator Cuff Tear.

Few studies have investigated the socioeconomic factors associated with retear after rotator cuff repair. This study aimed to identify the risk factors, including socioeconomic factors, for rotator cuff retear in patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. This retrospective study included 723 patients diagnosed with full-thickness rotator cuff tears who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from March 2010 to March 2021.

Usefulness of double plate fixation after failed ORIF for clavicle shaft fracture.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of double plate fixation for failed clavicle shaft fracture surgery.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 14 patients who underwent double plate fixation due to plate failure after clavicle shaft fracture surgery from March 2016 to March 2021. The study used 3.

mFOLFIRINOX versus mFOLFOX 6 as adjuvant treatment for high-risk stage III colon cancer - the FROST trial: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized controlled, phase II trial.

Background: High-risk stage III colon cancer has a considerably poorer prognosis than stage II and low-risk stage III colon cancers. Nevertheless, most guidelines recommend similar adjuvant treatment approaches for all these stages despite the dearth of research focusing on high-risk stage III colon cancer and the potential for improved prognosis with intensive adjuvant treatment. Given the the proven efficacy of triplet chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer treatment, the goal of this study is to evaluate the oncologic efficacy and safety of mFOLFIRINOX in comparison to those of the current standard of care, mFOLFOX 6, as an adjuvant treatment for patients diagnosed with high-risk stage III colon cancer after radical resection.

Estimating the burden of vitiligo: a systematic review and modelling study.

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by depigmented skin patches, which can pose substantial psychosocial challenges particularly in individuals with dark skin tones. Despite its impact on quality of life, there is an absence of standardised global epidemiological data. We sought to address this gap with the present study.