Identification and comparison of protein composition of biofilms in response to EGCG from and , which showed opposite patterns in biofilm-forming abilities.

Bacterial biofilm is resistant to conventional antibiotic treatments, leading to complications associated with many infection-related human diseases. Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), a phenolic catechin enriched in green tea, is recognized for its anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities. In this study, we examined the protein components of the biofilms formed in the absence or presence of EGCG using and which had shown opposing patterns in biofilm formation.

Antibacterial Immunonegative Coating with Biocompatible Materials on a Nanostructured Titanium Plate for Orthopedic Bone Fracture Surgery.

Periprosthetic infections resulting from bacterial biofilm formation following surgical bone fracture fixation present important clinical challenges. Conventional orthopedic implant materials, such as titanium, are prone to biofilm formation. This study introduces a novel surface for orthopedic titanium plates, optimized for clinical application in human bone fractures.

Comparative proteomics analysis of biofilms and planktonic cells of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus lugdunensis with contrasting biofilm-forming ability.

Biofilms make it difficult to eradicate bacterial infections through antibiotic treatments and lead to numerous complications. Previously, two periprosthetic infection-related pathogens, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus lugdunensis were reported to have relatively contrasting biofilm-forming abilities. In this study, we examined the proteomics of the two microorganisms' biofilms using LC-MS/MS.

Assessment of the biofilm-forming ability on solid surfaces of periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens.

Biofilm formation is one of the leading causes of complications after surgery in clinical settings. In this study, we profiled the biofilm-forming ability of various periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens on medically relevant surfaces, polystyrene (PS) and titanium (Ti). We also explored how a specific environmental stressor, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), affected biofilm formation.

GPCR19 Regulates P2X7R-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasomal Activation of Microglia by Amyloid β in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Amyloid β (Aβ) and/or ATP activate the NLRP3 inflammasome (N3I) P2X7R in microglia, which is crucial in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to polymorphisms, subtypes, and ubiquitous expression of P2X7R, inhibition of P2X7R has not been effective for AD. We first report that taurodeoxycholate (TDCA), a GPCR19 ligand, inhibited the priming phase of N3I activation, suppressed P2X7R expression and P2X7R-mediated Ca mobilization and N3I oligomerization, which is essential for production of IL-1β/IL-18 by microglia.

Skin Wound Healing Rate in Fish Depends on Species and Microbiota.

The skin is a barrier between the body and the environment that protects the integrity of the body and houses a vast microbiota. By interacting with the host immune system, the microbiota improves wound healing in mammals. However, in fish, the evidence of the role of microbiota and the type of species on wound healing is scarce.

Effect and Biocompatibility of a Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid and Polylactide--glycolide Microcapsule Vehicle in Intratympanic Drug Delivery for Treating Acute Acoustic Trauma.

The treatment of acute hearing loss is clinically challenging due to the low efficacy of drug delivery into the inner ear. Local intratympanic administration of dexamethasone (D) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) has been proposed for treatment, but they do not persist in the middle ear because they are typically delivered in fluid form. We developed a dual-vehicle drug delivery system consisting of cross-linked hyaluronic acid and polylactide--glycolide microcapsules.

The characterization of exosomes from fibrosarcoma cell and the useful usage of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for their evaluation.

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles containing mRNA, miRNA, and proteins of origin cells, which can control the characteristics of other cells or surroundings. Despite increasing evidence on oncogenic properties of tumor-derived exosomes, fibrosarcoma-derived exosomes remain largely unrevealed. While the proper extraction and characterization of exosomes is critical in exosomes research, there are various limitations in techniques to measure the size and homogeneity of exosomes.

Publisher Correction: MAOA variants differ in oscillatory EEG & ECG activities in response to aggression-inducing stimuli.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Gender Differences in Aggression-related Responses on EEG and ECG.

Gender differences in aggression viewed from an evolutionary and sociocultural perspective have traditionally explained why men engage in more direct and physical aggression, and women engage in more indirect and relational aggression. However, psychological and behavioral studies offer inconsistent support for this theory due to personal or social factors, and little is known about the gender-based neurobiological mechanisms of aggression. This study investigates gender differences in aggression through an analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) based neurobiological responses to commonly encountered stimuli, as well as psychological approaches in healthy Korean youth.

A novel supportive assessment for comprehensive aggression using EEG and ECG.

Aggression is a complex, ubiquitous phenomenon that impacts behavioral traits and psychological health. Assessing aggression is challenging because aggression constitutes multiple subtraits, such as anger, reactive aggression, and overt aggression. Conventional methods of assessing aggression are susceptible to bias because they mainly rely upon self-reports.

Taurodeoxycholate Increases the Number of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells That Ameliorate Sepsis in Mice.

Bile acids (BAs) control metabolism and inflammation by interacting with several receptors. Here, we report that intravenous infusion of taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) decreases serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, normalizes hypotension, protects against renal injury, and prolongs mouse survival during sepsis. TDCA increases the number of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) distinctive from MDSCs obtained without TDCA treatment (MDSC) in the spleen of septic mice.

Cardiolipin activates antigen-presenting cells via TLR2-PI3K-PKN1-AKT/p38-NF-kB signaling to prime antigen-specific naïve T cells in mice.

Mitochondrial defects and antimitochondrial cardiolipin (CL) antibodies are frequently detected in autoimmune disease patients. CL from dysregulated mitochondria activates various pattern recognition receptors, such as NLRP3. However, the mechanism by which mitochondrial CL activates APCs as a damage-associated molecular pattern to prime antigen-specific naïve T cells, which is crucial for T-cell-dependent anticardiolipin IgG antibody production in autoimmune diseases is unelucidated.

Exosomes from breast cancer cells can convert adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells into myofibroblast-like cells.

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted into the extracellular environment by various types of cells, including tumor cells. Exosomes are enriched with a discrete set of cellular proteins, and therefore expected to exert diverse biological functions according to cell origin. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the potential for differentiation into multilineages and can also function as precursors for tumor stroma including myofibroblast that provides a favorable environment for tumor progression.

Exosomes from ovarian cancer cells induce adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to acquire the physical and functional characteristics of tumor-supporting myofibroblasts.

Objective: Most tumor tissue is composed of parenchymal tumor cells and tumor stroma. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can function as precursors for tumor stromal cells, including myofibroblasts, which provide a favorable environment for tumor progression. A close relationship between tumor cells and MSCs in a tumor microenvironment has been described.

Cell cycle regulators are critical for maintaining the differentiation potential and immaturity in adipogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells.

A single cell division is governed by the catalytic reactions of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Stem cells are unique in that they can differentiate into tissue-specific cell types (lineage commitment) during cell division (self-renewal). In this study, we analyzed changes in the differentiation potency of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) according to the number of spontaneous cell divisions.

MicroRNA expression profiling in neurogenesis of adipose tissue-derived stem cells.

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are one population of adult stem cells that can self renew and differentiate into multiple lineages. Because of advantages in method and quantity of acquisition, ADSCs are gaining attention as an alternative source of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, we performed microRNA profiling of undifferentiated and of neurally-differentiated ADSCs to identify the responsible microRNAs in neurogenesis using this type of stem cell.

Introduction of the CIITA gene into tumor cells produces exosomes with enhanced anti-tumor effects.

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted from various types of cells. Tumor-derived exosomes contain MHC class I molecules and tumor-specific antigens, receiving attention as a potential cancer vaccine. For induction of efficient anti-tumor immunity, CD4+ helper T cells are required, which recognize appropriate MHC class II-peptide complexes.

Hyperthermia-treated mesenchymal stem cells exert antitumor effects on human carcinoma cell line.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the potential for differentiation into multilineages. MSCs have been reported to play a role as precursors for tumor stroma in providing a favorable environment for tumor progression. Hyperthermia destroys cancer cells by raising the temperature of tumor-loaded tissue to 40 degrees C to 43 degrees C and causes indirect sensitizing effects when combined with chemo- and/or radiotherapy.

Hyperthermia on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can sensitize tumor cells to undergo cell death.

Hyperthermia, the procedure of raising the temperature of tumor-loaded tissue to 40 degrees -43 degrees C, has been applied to various established cancer treatments. Although the mechanism of hyperthermia in cancer treatment is well-known, there are few or no studies regarding the effect of hyperthermia on the tumor-supportive stroma. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display the potential for differentiation into various tissues.

MHC independent anti-tumor immune responses induced by Hsp70-enriched exosomes generate tumor regression in murine models.

The ideal cancer vaccine should work regardless of MHC types but currently the barrier generated by MHC specificity hampers the development of human cancer vaccines, requesting to identify strong immunogenic molecules that can induce anti-cancer immune responses without being affected by MHC polymorphism. Tumor-derived exosomes are small membrane vesicles containing tumor antigens as well as other immunologically important molecules such as MHC molecules and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Because of their potential immunogenicity, the plausible utility of tumor-derived exosomes as an MHC independent cancer vaccine was proposed.

Resveratrol induces the suppression of tumor-derived CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are negative regulator of the immune system and main obstacles to cancer immunotherapy in tumor-bearing hosts. Resveratrol is a natural product found in grapes with both immunomodulatory and anticancer effects, which can be controlled by Treg cells. Therefore, to determine whether resveratrol performs these actions via Treg cells, we investigated changes in Treg cell population and immunomodulatory cytokines in EG7 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice.