Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the immune response to pathogen invasion. The TLR response patterns in teleost are significantly different from those in mammals. In this study, we systematically identified and characterized the TLR family of crucian carp (Carassius auratus).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModerate activation of IFN-I contributes to the body's immune response, but its abnormal expression, stimulated by oxidative stress or other factors causes pathological damage. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), induced by stress stimuli in the body, exerts a central role in cellular protection. Here we showed that HO-1 could promote IFN-1 under Spring Viremia of Carp virus (SVCV) infection and concomitantly attenuate the replication of SVCV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlufosinateammonium (GLA) is one of the most widely used agricultural herbicides. It is frequently detected in surface waters near farmland and may pose a risk to non-target aquatic species. This study aimed to explore the toxicity of subacute GLA exposure in crayfish.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLignin is usually deemed as an inhibitor to enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose due to its physical barrier, non-productive adsorption, and steric hindrance. Herein, a novel supramolecular deep eutectic solvent (SUPRADES), comprising ethylene glycol and citric acid in 5:1 M ratio, and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in a concentration of 3.5% (w/w), was developed to be efficient for pretreating wheat straw.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Biotechnol
October 2023
Whitmania pigra is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, W. pigra is being threatened by an edema disease with unknown causes (WPE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Spectr
August 2023
The emergence or reemergence of viruses pose a substantial threat and challenge to the world population, livestock, and wildlife. However, the landscape of antiviral agents either for human or animal viral diseases is still underdeveloped. The far tougher actuality is the case that there are no approved antiviral drugs in the aquaculture industry, although there are diverse viral pathogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt is generally considered that stress causes decreased immune function and render fish vulnerable to infection and diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms between stress responses and susceptibility to infections, especially viral diseases, in fish remain unknown. Understanding and monitoring the biological consequences and mechanisms underlying stress responses in fish may contribute to the improvement of animal welfare and production efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCadmium (Cd), a non-biodegradable contaminant in freshwater ecosystems, can pose a serious threat to aquatic animals at high levels. In this study, the Cd toxicokinetics and the immune and antioxidant defense were explored in Procambarus clarkii exposed to different levels of Cd (0, 0.1, 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnvironmental problems such as greenhouse effect, the consumption of fossil energy, and the increase of human demand for energy are becoming more and more serious, which force researcher to turn their attention to the reduction of CO and the development of renewable energy. Unsafety, easy to lead to secondary environmental pollution, cost inefficiency, and other problems limit the development of conventional CO capture technology. In recent years, many microorganisms have attracted much attention to capture CO and synthesize valuable products directly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLignocellulose biomass (LCB) has extensive applications in many fields such as bioenergy, food, medicines, and raw materials for producing value-added products. One of the keys to efficient utilization of LCB is to obtain directly available oligo- and monomers (e. g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their mimics are rapidly gaining attention as a new class of antimicrobials due to their clinical potential. AMPs are widely distributed throughout nature and participate in the innate host defense. In this study, 18 AMPs, including 3 β-defensins, 3 hepcidins, 4 liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) compounds, 4 g-type lysozymes, 2 c-type lysozymes, and 2 NK-lysins, were identified from the genome of Carassius auratus by a homologous search and were further classified based on their fundamental structural features and molecular phylogeny.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study aimed to determine the effect of the growth stage of on their intestinal microbiota. Intestinal samples of five different growth stages of (first instar, second instar, third instar, juvenile, and adult) from laboratory culture were analyzed through the Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform to determine the intestinal microbiome of crayfish. The alpha diversity decreased along with the growth of the crayfish, with the relative abundance of the microbiota changing among stages; crayfish at closer development stages had a more comparable intestinal microbiota composition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2, species ) causes severe mortality in ornamental goldfish, crucian carp (), and gibel carp (). It has been shown that the genomic DNA of CyHV-2 could be detected in subclinical fish, which implied that CyHV-2 could establish persistent infection. In this study, the latency of CyHV-2 was investigated in the survival fish after primary infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) can cause a high mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and its main pathological processes include the inflammatory response. However, the detailed mechanism is still unclear. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play critical roles in the immune response, including inflammation, in different models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHerpesvirus infection was investigated in black bears (Ursus americanus) with neurological signs and brain lesions of nonsuppurative encephalitis of unknown cause. Visible cytopathic effects (CPE) could only be observed on days 3-5 post-infection in HrT-18G cell line inoculated with bear tissue extracts. The observed CPE in HrT-18G cells included syncytia, intranuclear inclusions, and cell detachments seen in herpesvirus infection in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play important roles in innate immunity against pathogens and lysozymes are a particularly type of AMP. Lysozymes are hydrolytic enzymes that are characterized by their ability to cleave the beta-(1,4)-glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in peptidoglycan, which is the major bacterial cell wall polymer. In this work, a lysozyme was identified from Procambarus clarkii and designated PcLys-i3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is the etiological agent of spring viremia of carp (SVC) and causes mass mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Currently, no effective treatments or commercial vaccines against SVCV are available. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme to produce carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and ferrous iron (Fe), exerts anti-oxidant, antiinflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFish Shellfish Immunol
April 2018
Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is a deadly pathogen of common carp. SVCV infection is found to be associated with excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induces oxidative stress in EPC and FHM cells, which contributes to its pathogenesis. In this study, ROS production and mitochondria function as well as antioxidant enzymes in mitochondria were investigated during SVCV infection in EPC cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmerg Infect Dis
December 2017
Multiregional outbreaks of meningitis-like disease caused by Elizabethkingia miricola were confirmed in black-spotted frog farms in China in 2016. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that this amphibian E. miricola strain is closely related to human clinical isolates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFish Shellfish Immunol
November 2016
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and failure to maintain an appropriate redox balance contribute to viral pathogenesis. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in maintaining intracellular homoeostasis and coping with invasive pathogens by coordinately activating a series of cytoprotective genes. Previous studies indicated that the transcription and expression levels of Nrf2 were up-regulated in SVCV-infected EPC cells with the unknown mechanism(s).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFL-type lectins are involved in glycoproteins secretory pathways and are associated with many immune responses. There is growing evidence that L-type lectins are also involved in viral replication. In this study, a novel L-type lectin (named as PcL-lectin) was identified from red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clakii).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpring viraemia of carp is an environmentally and economically important disease affecting cyprinids, primarily common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The causative agent of this disease is Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) - a member of the genus Vesiculovirus of the family Rhabdoviridae. The disease is presently endemic in Europe, America and several Asian countries, where it causes significant morbidity and mortality in affected fish.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is an economically important crustacean and is farmed in many countries. Since 2009, a larval mortality syndrome of M. rosenbergii has broken out and spread widely in the main breeding area, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangxi, and Guangdong Provinces in mainland China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in mediating multiple biological processes in eukaryotes and are being increasingly studied to evaluate their roles associated with cellular changes following viral infection. Snakehead fish Vesiculovirus (SHVV) has caused mass mortality in snakehead fish during the past few years. To identify specific miRNAs involved in SHVV infection, we performed microRNA deep sequencing on a snakehead fish cell line (SSN-1) with or without SHVV infection.
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