A Calcitonin-Negative Neuroendocrine Tumor Derived from Follicular Lesions of the Thyroid.

Neuroendocrine lesions of the thyroid are rare. The most common types are medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) and C-cell hyperplasia. MTCs originate from thyroid parafollicular cells that secrete calcitonin which serves as a serum marker of MTCs.

BRAFV600E mutation does not serve as a prognostic factor in Korean patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Objectives: In recent years, BRAF(V600E) mutation has emerged as a promising prognostic marker for risk stratification of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, routine use of this marker has been questioned. In some parts of the world, particularly in Korea, the incidence of BRAF(V600E) mutation is too high to have true prognostic value.

Solvation dynamics by coherence period resolved transient grating.

We report a third-order nonlinear time-domain method, coherence period (τ) resolved transient grating (TRTG), that gives accurate solvation dynamics free from population relaxation in a short data acquisition time. The validity of TRTG is established by theory and experiment. The TRTG signal is shown to follow the transition frequency correlation function by an analytic expression based on the response function theory for delta function pulses and by model numerical calculations including finite pulse durations.

Factors influencing intraoral removal of submandibular calculi.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of intraoral removal of submandibular calculi based on several factors that may influence the results of surgery.

Study Design And Setting: We retrospectively reviewed 172 patients who underwent intraoral removal of submandibular sialolithiasis. Results of surgery were divided into complete removal, partial removal, and failure.

Coherent interactions in femtosecond transient grating.

Transient grating of a dye in liquid has been measured as a function of the electronic coherence period. A diffractive beam splitter and a pair of wedge prisms are implemented to achieve precise spatial phase overlap and interferometrically accurate control of the time delay between the pump pulses. As the electronic coherence period is varied, coherent interactions lead to an enhancement or loss of the sharp feature in the transient grating signal near time zero, which is usually called coherent spike.