Energy-Efficient Integrated Electro-Optic Memristors.

Neuromorphic photonic processors are redefining the boundaries of classical computing by enabling high-speed multidimensional information processing within the memory. Memristors, the backbone of neuromorphic processors, retain their state after programming without static power consumption. Among them, electro-optic memristors are of great interest, as they enable dual electrical-optical functionality that bridges the efficiency of electronics and the bandwidth of photonics.

Spatio-spectral control of coherent nanophotonics.

Fast modulation of optical signals that carry multidimensional information in the form of wavelength, phase or polarization has fueled an explosion of interest in integrated photonics. This interest however masks a significant challenge which is that independent modulation of multi-wavelength carrier signals in a single waveguide is not trivial. Such challenge is attributed to the longitudinal direction of guided-mode propagation, limiting the spatial separation and modulation of electric-field.

Partial coherence enhances parallelized photonic computing.

Advancements in optical coherence control have unlocked many cutting-edge applications, including long-haul communication, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and optical coherence tomography. Prevailing wisdom suggests that using more coherent light sources leads to enhanced system performance and device functionalities. Our study introduces a photonic convolutional processing system that takes advantage of partially coherent light to boost computing parallelism without substantially sacrificing accuracy, potentially enabling larger-size photonic tensor cores.

Scalable High-Precision Trimming of Photonic Resonances by Polymer Exposure to Energetic Beams.

Integrated photonic circuits (PICs) have seen an explosion in interest, through to commercialization in the past decade. Most PICs rely on sharp resonances to modulate, steer, and multiplex signals. However, the spectral characteristics of high-quality resonances are highly sensitive to small variations in fabrication and material constants, which limits their applicability.

Varifocal Metalens Using Tunable and Ultralow-loss Dielectrics.

The field of flat optics that uses nanostructured, so-called metasurfaces, has seen remarkable progress over the last decade. Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a promising platform for realizing reconfigurable metasurfaces, as their optical properties can be reversibly tuned. Yet, demonstrations of phase-change metalenses to date have employed material compositions such as Ge Sb Te , which show high absorption in the visible to near-IR wavelengths particularly in their crystalline state, limiting the applicability.

Polarization-selective reconfigurability in hybridized-active-dielectric nanowires.

Wavelength and polarization are two fundamental properties of light within which information can be encoded and (de)multiplexed. While wavelength-selective systems have widely proliferated, polarization-addressable active photonics has not seen notable progress, primarily because tunable and polarization-selective nanostructures have been elusive. Here, we introduce hybridized-active-dielectric (HAD) nanowires to achieve polarization-selective tunability.

Electronically Reconfigurable Photonic Switches Incorporating Plasmonic Structures and Phase Change Materials.

The ever-increasing demands for data processing and storage will require seamless monolithic co-integration of electronics and photonics. Phase-change materials are uniquely suited to fulfill this function due to their dual electro-optical sensitivity, nonvolatile retention properties, and fast switching dynamics. The extreme size disparity however between CMOS electronics and dielectric photonics inhibits the realization of efficient and compact electrically driven photonic switches, logic and routing elements.

Electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation enabled by surface plasmon polariton-induced hot carriers in Kretschmann configuration.

Plasmonic hot carrier generation has attracted increasing attention due to its ability to convert light to electrical energy. The generation of plasmon-induced hot carriers can be achieved via Landau damping in the non-radiative decay process of the plasmonic excitation energy. Localized surface plasmons (LSPs) undergo both radiative and non-radiative decays, while surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) dissipate only via the non-radiative decay.

Ultrahigh resolution and color gamut with scattering-reducing transmissive pixels.

While plasmonic designs have dominated recent trends in structural color, schemes using localized surface plasmon resonances and surface plasmon polaritons that simultaneously achieve high color vibrancy at ultrahigh resolution have been elusive because of tradeoffs between size and performance. Herein we demonstrate vibrant and size-invariant transmissive type multicolor pixels composed of hybrid TiO-Ag core-shell nanowires based on reduced scattering at their electric dipolar Mie resonances. This principle permits the hybrid nanoresonator to achieve the widest color gamut (~74% sRGB area coverage), linear color mixing, and the highest reported single color dots-per-inch (58,000~141,000) in transmission mode.

Functional conductive nanomaterials polymerisation in nano-channels: PEDOT in a MOF.

Reactions inside the pores of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer potential for controlling polymer structures with regularity to sub-nanometre scales. We report a wet-chemistry route to poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT)-MOF composites. After a two-step removal of the MOF template we obtain unique and stable macroscale structures of this conductive polymer with some nanoscale regularity.

Diagnosis and treatment of metachronous gastric cancers after surgical treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background/aims: With the improvement of the outcome after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, patients with metachronous gastric cancer (MGC) in the reconstructed thoracic stomach have been observed in clinical practice. This study is a report of experiences with MGC with an emphasis on clinical pictures and treatment results.

Methodology: Medical records were reviewed of 728 patients who underwent surgery for esophageal cancer at Samsung Medical Center between 1994 and 2004.

[An evaluation of web-based informations about gastroesophageal reflux diseases in Korea].

Background/aims: Internet has become an important source of medical information not only for medical personnels but also for patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of internet based medical information about 'gastroesophageal reflux' or 'reflux esophagitis' in Korea.

Methods: The first 15 internet sites using the key words 'gastroesophageal reflux' or 'reflux esophagitis' were retrieved from the 7 most frequently used internet search engines.

[Comparative usefulness of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in assessing the severity of ulcerative colitis].

Background/aims: Although erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is included as a laboratory parameter in Truelove and Witts' classification, C-reactive protein (CRP) is also used for severity assessment in ulcerative colitis (UC). Frequently, the discordance between ESR and CRP is observed in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine which parameter is more related with clinical activity in UC patients.