Greater Improvement in Obesity Among Children With Prediabetes in a Clinical Weight Management Program.

There is a range of responses among individuals seen for medical management of their obesity. This retrospective analysis of longitudinal data considers the relationship between identified prediabetes and subsequent weight change among children (8-17 years) in a weight management clinic. Analysis included 733 patients (2687 visits in 2008-2016) with overweight and obesity (but not diabetes) whose referral laboratories included a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) within 90 days.

Food Insecurity Influences Weight Trajectory in Children with Obesity.

Social disadvantage is associated with children's risk of being overweight or obese, but little is known about how it impacts weight trajectory. This longitudinal analysis examines food insecurity and weight change over time among low-income children in a multidisciplinary weight management clinic. Food insecurity was assessed between 2008 and 2016 among 794 low-income patients (household income <$60k/year) who attended 3234 visits.

Fiber-rich foods delivered to Low-Income Households: A feasibility study of children with prediabetes and spillover effect on their caregivers.

Introduction: The incidence of pediatric prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing, with those from low socioeconomic status (SES) households at increased risk. Dietary fiber (e.g.

Perceptions of SNAP and Stocking Standards: A Qualitative Study of California Small Food Store Owners and Managers.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is critical to alleviating food insecurity, but low diet quality among program participants is a concern. Nutrition-related interventions have focused on SNAP-authorized food retailers, but the perspectives of small food store owners and managers have not been represented in national policy discussions. This study aimed to explore the opinions of store owners/managers of SNAP-authorized small food stores about their overall perceptions of the program and the stricter stocking standards previously proposed in 2016.

Whole Grain Intake and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Adolescents, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2014.

Introduction: Large prospective cohort studies show a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes among adults with higher whole grain consumption. Less is known about the relationship between whole grain consumption and precursors for diabetes risk in adolescents. We examined whether intake of whole grains was associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in adolescents.

Food Insecurity and Pediatric Obesity: a Double Whammy in the Era of COVID-19.

Purpose Of Review: This review examines the current evidence about the ways in which food insecurity relates to obesity in children and adolescents, examining diet and diet-related behaviors, and taking into consideration the role of stress.

Recent Findings: While living with food insecurity impacts stress and diet-related behaviors in children and adolescents, it is not clear whether food insecurity is associated with obesity above and beyond the influence of poverty. However, strategies to mitigate food insecurity and obesity are inherently connected, and recent examples from clinical practice (e.

The Association between Food Insecurity and Diet Quality Varies by Race/Ethnicity: An Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014 Results.

Background: Food insecurity is believed to influence the quality and quantity of foods consumed; however, studies examining food insecurity and diet quality have been inconclusive and few studies have explored variability in these associations by sex and race/ethnicity.

Objective: This study examined associations between food insecurity and diet quality, and variations by sex and race/ethnicity.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

Characteristics of Children 2 to 5 Years of Age With Severe Obesity.

Background And Objectives: As a distinct group, 2- to 5-year-olds with severe obesity (SO) have not been extensively described. As a part of the Expert Exchange Workgroup on Childhood Obesity, nationally-representative data were examined to better characterize children with SO.

Methods: Children ages 2 to 5 ( = 7028) from NHANES (1999-2014) were classified as having normal weight, overweight, obesity, or SO (BMI ≥120% of 95th percentile).

Recent Uptrend in Whole-Grain Intake Is Absent for Low-Income Adolescents, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2012.

Introduction: Whole-grain consumption reduces risk of chronic disease, yet adolescents consume suboptimal amounts. It is unclear whether trends in consumption of whole grains have been positive among adolescents, and research assessing disparities by socioeconomic status is limited. The objective of our study was to evaluate recent trends in whole-grain consumption by US adolescents.

SNAP Participation and Diet-Sensitive Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents.

Introduction: Previous research suggests participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is associated with poorer adult cardiometabolic health; the extent to which these associations extend to adolescents is unknown. Differences in diet quality, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk factors were examined among SNAP participants, income-eligible nonparticipants, and higher-income adolescents.

Methods: The study population comprised 4,450 adolescents ≤300% federal poverty level from the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Biobehavioral Factors That Shape Nutrition in Low-Income Populations: A Narrative Review.

Although evidence exists for an association between income level and diet quality, a causal relationship has not been established. A number of studies found that the price of nutritious food and the time cost to prepare foods are economically driven reasons for this relationship. However, in addition to economic constraints, low-income individuals and families face a number of additional challenges linked with food choice, eating behaviors, and diet-related chronic conditions that contribute to diet quality and health.

Revised WIC Food Package and Children's Diet Quality.

Background And Objectives: In October 2009, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) food package was revised to include more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lower-fat milk. We examined the impact of the WIC food package revisions on the diet quality of children in households using WIC.

Methods: A total of 1197 children aged 2 to 4 years from low-income households were studied from before and after the policy implementation (using the 2003-2008 and 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey).

Dyslipidemia and Food Security in Low-Income US Adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2010.

Introduction: Low levels of food security are associated with dyslipidemia and chronic disease in adults, particularly in women. There is a gap in knowledge about the relationship between food security among youth and dyslipidemia and chronic disease. We investigated the relationship between food security status and dyslipidemia among low-income adolescents.

Disordered eating behaviours and food insecurity: A qualitative study about children with obesity in low-income households.

Background: While there is information in the literature describing the poor nutritional intake of food-insecure youth, eating behaviours among food-insecure children - particularly, obese children are less well-described. We conducted focus groups with family members of low-income children who were initiating care in a paediatric obesity clinic. Food hiding emerged as a theme, and generated the motivation for this analysis.

Using mobile fruit vendors to increase access to fresh fruit and vegetables for schoolchildren.

This study explored the extent to which schoolchildren purchased precut and bagged fruits and vegetables from a mobile fruit vendor (frutero). During 14 days in fall 2008, a frutero sold fruits and vegetables at the entrance of an elementary school; 59% of the frutero's 233 consumers of 248 items were elementary-school students. With each successive day, an average of 1 additional bag of fruits and vegetables was sold by the frutero and 1.

Healthy food availability and participation in WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) in food stores around lower- and higher-income elementary schools.

Objective: The nutritional intake of schoolchildren is affected not only by what is consumed at school but also by what is available in food outlets near schools. The present study surveys the range of food outlets around schools and examines how the availability of healthy food in the food stores encountered varies by income status of the school and by store participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food assistance programme.

Design: Network buffer zones were created to reflect a quarter-mile (400 m) walk from elementary schools with lower- and higher-income student populations in Oakland, CA, USA.

An analysis of public health policy and legal issues relevant to mobile food vending.

Mobile food vending is a component of the food environment that has received little attention in the public health literature beyond concerns about food sanitation and hygiene issues. However, several features of mobile food vending make it an intriguing venue for food access. We present key components of mobile vending regulation and provide examples from 12 US cities to illustrate the variation that can exist surrounding these regulations.

Mobile food vending and the after-school food environment.

Background: Low-income and minority children have higher rates of obesity and overweight. Greater understanding of their food access is important. Because of higher rates of walking to school in these populations, these children likely have greater exposure to the food environment immediately around their schools.

The built environment: designing communities to promote physical activity in children.

An estimated 32% of American children are overweight, and physical inactivity contributes to this high prevalence of overweight. This policy statement highlights how the built environment of a community affects children's opportunities for physical activity. Neighborhoods and communities can provide opportunities for recreational physical activity with parks and open spaces, and policies must support this capacity.

A matched case-control study evaluating the effectiveness of speed humps in reducing child pedestrian injuries.

Objectives: We evaluated the protective effectiveness of speed humps in reducing child pedestrian injuries in residential neighborhoods.

Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study over a 5-year period among children seen in a pediatric emergency department after being struck by an automobile.

Results: A multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that speed humps were associated with lower odds of children being injured within their neighborhood (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.