Social context during moral decision-making impacts males more than females.

Moral judgments are often viewed as the outcome of affective and deliberative processes that could be impacted by social factors and individual characteristics. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between gender and social context on moral judgment. Participants included 315 undergraduate students (67.

The effect of compression on repetitive behaviors and task participation in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Compression clothes are marketed to relieve anxiety and decrease hyperactivity in children with autism. However, few studies have examined the impact of compression for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, nine children with autism were observed during Applied Behavioral Analysis therapy sessions while wearing compression clothing.

Time-of-day effects on speed and accuracy performance during simulated shiftwork.

Performance on tasks involving speed and accuracy fluctuate throughout the 24-h day negatively affecting shift workers and organizations. Two simulated work shifts common in occupational settings were used to assess performance on a vigilance and math task. In study 1, 33 sleep-deprived participants completed a nightshift.

Activity Workstations in High Schools: Decreasing Sedentary Behavior Without Negatively Impacting Schoolwork.

High school students are at risk for increased sedentary behavior due in part to a decrease in physical activity throughout adolescence and to required sedentary behavior during much of the school day. The purpose of the current study is to examine the impact of using activity workstations in a high school English class for struggling readers. Twenty high school students participated in the study.

Self-Control Measurement Methodologies: An Integrative Approach.

The study of self-control occurs in many different types of experimental settings using a wide range of methodologies. In addition, measures of self-control vary in their procedures and operational definitions from simple questionnaires to complex scenarios where individuals must choose to act or not. The present summary draws on trends within the literature using widely accepted measures of self-control.

Social Isolation and Sleep: Manifestation During COVID-19 Quarantines.

Although researchers have investigated the impact of social isolation on well-being, the recent quarantines due to COVID-19 resulted in a social isolation environment that was unique to any examined in the past. Because sleep is one of the endogenous drives that impacts short and long-term health and well-being, it is important to consider how social isolation during the COVID-19 government-mandated quarantines affected sleep and sleep habits. A number of researchers have addressed this question during the last 2 years by examining several concepts related to possible changes in sleep during the quarantines.

Fighting the Freshman Fifteen: Sleep, Exercise, and BMI in College Students.

Purpose: To examine how sleep and physical activity predict body mass index (BMI) in college students.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Medium-sized public university in the Southeastern United States.

The effect of using activity workstations on heart rate variability during complex cognitive tasks.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of using an activity workstation on the physiological stress response as measured by heart rate variability while completing cognitively demanding tasks. Eleven college students (6 females; age: 19.4 ± 0.

Sleep and Organizational Behavior: Implications for Workplace Productivity and Safety.

The interaction between sleep and work-related behaviors influence many aspects of employee performance, safety, and health as well as organizational-level success. Although it is well established that quantity and quality of sleep can affect different types of task performance and personal health, the interactions between sleep habits and organizational behaviors have received much less attention. It is important to examine how sleep habits and workplace behaviors relate and the role of the underlying circadian rhythm on the potential impact of sleep and sleepiness in the workplace.

Psychometric properties of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale: A factor analysis and item-response theory approach.

The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in two languages, German and English. Students from a university in Austria (N = 292; 55 males; mean age = 18.71 ± 1.

Task-dependent cold stress during expeditions in Antarctic environments.

This study seeks to understand the degree of body cooling, cold perception and physical discomfort during Antarctic tour excursions. Eight experienced expedition leaders across three Antarctic cruise voyages were monitored during occupational tasks: kayaking, snorkelling and zodiac outings. Subjective cold perception and discomfort were recorded using a thermal comfort assessment and skin temperature was recorded using a portable data logger.

Decreasing Sedentary Behavior: Effects on Academic Performance, Meta-Cognition, and Sleep.

There is growing interest in using activity workstations as a method of increasing light physical activity in normally sedentary environments. The current study ( = 117) compared the effects of studying in college students while slowly pedaling a stationary bike with a desktop with studying at traditional desks across 10 weeks in an academic semester. The students were assigned to study either on the stationary bike or at a traditional desk located in the campus library for a minimum of 2 h a week.

Performance awareness: Predicting cognitive performance during simulated shiftwork using chronobiological measures.

Physiological tracers of circadian rhythms and a performance awareness index were examined as predictors of cognitive performance during two sleep deprivation conditions common to occupational shiftwork. Study 1: Thirty-three sleep-deprived participants completed a simulated nightshift. Study 2: Thirty-two partially sleep-deprived participants completed a simulated dayshift.

Implications of Social Support as a Self-Control Resource.

Self-control is an intricate component of decision making and effectively managing day-to-day life. Failing to maintain adequate self-control can have negative effects on many desired goals and social experiences. As such, understanding how different facets of the human experience may affect self-control is an important undertaking.

The cold driver: Cold stress while driving results in dangerous behavior.

Cool vehicle cabin temperatures can induce short-term non-hypothermic cold stress. The current study created a cold condition to examine the impact of cold stress on driving behavior. Forty-four participants drove a high-fidelity driving simulator during a thermal neutral or local torso cooled condition.

Task Performance and Meta-Cognitive Outcomes When Using Activity Workstations and Traditional Desks.

The purpose of the current study is to compare the effects of light physical activity to sedentary behavior on cognitive task performance and meta-cognitive responses. Thirty-eight undergraduate students participated in the study. The participants used a stationary bicycle with a desk top and a traditional desk while completing two complex cognitive tasks and measures of affect, motivation, morale, and engagement.

Auditory Attention and Comprehension During a Simulated Night Shift: Effects of Task Characteristics.

Objective: The current study investigated performance on a dual auditory task during a simulated night shift.

Background: Night shifts and sleep deprivation negatively affect performance on vigilance-based tasks, but less is known about the effects on complex tasks. Because language processing is necessary for successful work performance, it is important to understand how it is affected by night work and sleep deprivation.

Interactions between sleep habits and self-control.

Good sleep habits and effective self-control are important components of successful functioning. Unfortunately chronic sleep loss and impaired self-control are common occurrences for many individuals which can lead to difficulty with daily self-control issues such as resisting impulses and maintaining attentive behavior. Understanding how self-control is depleted and how good sleep habits may help replenish and maintain the capacity for self-control is an important issue.

Sleep deprivation affects reactivity to positive but not negative stimuli.

Objective: The current study examined the effects of partial and total sleep deprivation on emotional reactivity.

Methods: Twenty-eight partially sleep-deprived participants and 31 totally sleep-deprived participants rated their valence and arousal responses to positive and negative pictures across four testing sessions during the day following partial sleep deprivation or during the night under total sleep deprivation.

Results: The results suggest that valence and arousal ratings decreased under both sleep deprivation conditions.

Lane heading difference: An innovative model for drowsy driving detection using retrospective analysis around curves.

Driving while sleepy is a serious contributor to automobile accidents. Previous research has shown that drowsy drivers produce systematic errors (variability) in vehicle behavior which are detectable using vehicle monitoring technology. The current study developed a new methodological approach using a vehicle heading difference metric to detect drowsy driving more effectively than other more commonly used methods.

Decreased Cognitive/CNS Function in Young Adults at Risk for Hypertension: Effects of Sleep Deprivation.

Hypertension has been linked to impaired cognitive/CNS function, and some of these changes may precede development of frank essential hypertension. The stress and fatigue of sleep deprivation may exacerbate these cognitive changes in young adults at risk. We hypothesize that individuals at risk for hypertension will show significant declines in cognitive function during a night of sleep deprivation.

The effects of extended work under sleep deprivation conditions on team-based performance.

Teamwork is becoming increasingly common in today's workplaces; however, little research has examined how well teams perform under sleep deprivation conditions. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of extended work under sleep deprivation conditions on team performance. A total of 24 participants were sleep deprived for 30 h and completed 16 h of sustained operations during the last portion of the sleep deprivation period.

Blood pressure increases during a simulated night shift in persons at risk for hypertension.

Background: Shift work with sleep disruption is a systemic stressor that may possibly be associated with blood pressure dysregulation and hypertension.

Purpose: We hypothesize that rotation to a simulated night shift with sleep deprivation will produce blood pressure elevations in persons at risk for development of hypertension.

Method: We examined the effects of a simulated night shift on resting blood pressure in 51 diurnal young adults without current hypertension.

Oculomotor measures as predictors of performance during sleep deprivation.

Introduction: Studies have indicated that working under sleep deprivation conditions results in deficits in performance on various tasks. Few studies, however, have attempted to find a measure for predicting performance changes under sleep deprivation conditions. The current study examined whether oculomotor measures could predict changes in performance under non-sleep deprivation and acute short-term sleep deprivation conditions.

Subjective perceptions of the effects of sustained performance under sleep-deprivation conditions.

In today's society, numerous situations arise in which sleep deprivation is a common occurrence. Subjective perceptions are a vital component to understanding the effects of sustained performance during sleep deprivation, as they may be the first indication of the effects of sustained performance or sleep deprivation on the individual. Using the theoretical framework of the Controlled Attention Model, this study examined the effects of 16 h of sustained performance under 28 h of acute sleep deprivation on perceived effort, motivation, and stress of 24 participants while completing a complex cognitive and a simple vigilance task.