Collaborative approach to the integration of radiology teaching into clinical clerkships.

In this pilot study, a multidisciplinary group of educators describes their collaborative efforts to achieve successful integration of radiologist-led standardized interactive radiology teaching sessions into established Internal Medicine and Surgery clerkship curricula, with an overall improvement of student knowledge of radiology concepts, as well as a perceived improvement in understanding of the role of radiology in clinical care.

Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening and Prostate Cancer Mortality: An Emulation of Target Trials in US Medicare.

Purpose: No consensus about the effectiveness of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening exists among clinical guidelines, especially for the elderly. Randomized trials of PSA screening have yielded different results, partly because of variations in adherence, and it is unlikely that new trials will be conducted. Our objective was to estimate the effect of annual PSA screening on prostate cancer (PC) mortality in Medicare beneficiaries age 67-84 years.

Cancer misinformation on social media.

Social media is widely used globally by patients, families of patients, health professionals, scientists, and other stakeholders who seek and share information related to cancer. Despite many benefits of social media for cancer care and research, there is also a substantial risk of exposure to misinformation, or inaccurate information about cancer. Types of misinformation vary from inaccurate information about cancer risk factors or unproven treatment options to conspiracy theories and public relations articles or advertisements appearing as reliable medical content.

Plant-Based Diets and Disease Progression in Men With Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Plant-based diets are associated with many health and environmental benefits, including primary prevention of fatal prostate cancer, but less is known about postdiagnostic plant-based diet patterns in individuals with prostate cancer.

Objective: To examine whether postdiagnostic plant-based dietary patterns are associated with risk of prostate cancer progression and prostate cancer-specific mortality.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This longitudinal observational cohort study included men with biopsy-proven nonmetastatic prostate cancer (stage ≤T3a) from the diet and lifestyle substudy within the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) enrolled at 43 urology practices across the US from 1999 to 2018.

A pre-post study of pharmacist-led medication reviews within a hospital-based residential aged care support service.

Background: Hospital-based residential aged-care support service teams typically consist of doctors and nurses who provide hospital substitutive care to aged-care residents. There is limited literature evaluating the pharmacist's role in such aged-care support teams.

Objective: To analyse the effect of residential aged-care support service pharmacist-led medication reviews on polypharmacy, drug burden index, potentially inappropriate medications, and potential prescribing omissions for aged-care residents.

Polymerase chain reaction negative cryptococcal meningitis.

A 61-year-old male with subacute headache was found to have cryptococcal meningitis despite a negative BioFire FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis panel. This case underscores the importance of liberal cryptococcal antigen testing, and that a negative FilmArray panel is inadequate in excluding cryptococcal meningitis, particularly in a HIV-negative host.

Plant-based diet associated with better quality of life in prostate cancer survivors.

Background: Plant-based diets have many health benefits, including a lower risk of fatal prostate cancer, and greater environmental sustainability. However, less is known regarding the impact of plant-based diets on quality of life among individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer. The authors' objective was to examine the relationship between plant-based diet indices postdiagnosis with quality of life.

The impact of genomic biomarkers on a clinical risk prediction model for upgrading/upstaging among men with favorable-risk prostate cancer.

Background: The challenge of distinguishing indolent from aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) complicates decision-making for men considering active surveillance (AS). Genomic classifiers (GCs) may improve risk stratification by predicting end points such as upgrading or upstaging (UG/US). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of GCs on UG/US risk prediction in a clinicopathologic model.

Engaging communities to inform the development of a diverse cohort of cancer survivors: formative research for the eat move sleep study (EMOVES).

Background: There are more than 18 million cancer survivors in the United States. Yet, survivors of color remain under-represented in cancer survivorship research (Saltzman et al. in Contemp Clin Trials Commun 29:100986, 2022; Pang et al.

Case Report: Disseminated infection in an immunocompromised patient.

Human infection caused by bacteria of the genus is rare and most often presents with gastroenteritis that rarely requires antibiotics. Our case report describes a medically complex patient with chronic steroid use contributing to an immunocompromised state, who presented with fever and abdominal pain. The patient was later found to have bacteremia and underwent paracentesis confirming bacterial peritonitis requiring a prolonged antibiotic course.

Effect of a Home-based Walking Intervention on Cardiopulmonary Fitness and Quality of Life Among Men with Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance: The Active Surveillance Exercise Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Active surveillance (AS) is standard care for most men with low-risk prostate cancer (PC); yet, many men on AS eventually undergo curative therapy. Interventions to lower the risk of cancer progression and fear of recurrence among men on AS for PC are needed.

Objective: To determine the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, body size, and quality of life (QOL) among men on AS for PC.

Development of a Rapid and High-Throughput Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma Species.

Bacterial commensals of the human genitourinary tract, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species (parvum and urealyticum) can be sexually transmitted, and may cause nongonococcal urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility. Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species may also cause severe invasive infections in immunocompromised patients. Current culture-based methods for Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma identification are costly and laborious, with a turnaround time between 1 and 2 weeks.

Platelet factors attenuate inflammation and rescue cognition in ageing.

Identifying therapeutics to delay, and potentially reverse, age-related cognitive decline is critical in light of the increased incidence of dementia-related disorders forecasted in the growing older population. Here we show that platelet factors transfer the benefits of young blood to the ageing brain. Systemic exposure of aged male mice to a fraction of blood plasma from young mice containing platelets decreased neuroinflammation in the hippocampus at the transcriptional and cellular level and ameliorated hippocampal-dependent cognitive impairments.

Baseline Intraoperative Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Is Associated with Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery.

Background: Detailed understanding of the association between intraoperative left atrial and left ventricular diastolic function and postoperative atrial fibrillation is lacking. In this post hoc analysis of the Posterior Left Pericardiotomy for the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery (PALACS) trial, we aimed to evaluate the association of intraoperative left atrial and left ventricular diastolic function as assessed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with postoperative atrial fibrillation.

Methods: PALACS patients with available intraoperative TEE data (n = 402 of 420; 95.

Diabetes and incidence of breast cancer and its molecular subtypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been proposed to be positively associated with breast cancer (BCa) risk due to shared risk factors, metabolic dysfunction, and the use of antidiabetic medications. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between DM and BCa risk. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort and case-control studies assessing the association between DM and BCa published before 10 December 2021.

Variety of Fruit and Vegetables and Alcohol Intake are Associated with Gut Microbial Species and Gene Abundance in Colorectal Cancer Survivors.

Background: Adherence to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines of avoiding obesity, maintaining physical activity, and consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is associated with longer survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Dietary components of the ACS guidelines may act in part by changing the microbiome, which is implicated in CRC outcomes.

Objectives: We conducted a pilot cross-sectional study to explore associations between ACS guidelines and the gut microbiome.

Barriers and confidence among colorectal and prostate cancer survivors participating in two behavioral intervention studies.

Purpose: Exercise and healthy diet are key components of cancer survivorship. We sought to explore perceived barriers to engaging in healthy diet and exercise, and whether these barriers change throughout remote-based behavioral interventions.

Methods: Smart Pace (SP) and Prostate 8 (P8) were two 12-week pilot randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among 42 colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors and 76 prostate cancer (PC) survivors, respectively, that encouraged participants to implement exercise (both) and healthy diet (P8 only) through text messaging and wearable fitness monitors; P8 also included web materials.

Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a large-scale, prospective, population-based study.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate associations of diabetes overall, type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with breast cancer (BCa) risk.

Methods: We included 250,312 women aged 40-69 years between 2006 and 2010 from the UK Biobank cohort. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for associations of diabetes and its two major types with the time from enrollment to incident BCa.

Clinical next-generation sequencing assay combining full-length gene amplification and shotgun sequencing for the detection of CMV drug resistance mutations.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes severe systemic and tissue-invasive disease in immunocompromised patients, particularly solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. While antiviral drugs offer promising efficacy, clinical management is complicated by the high frequency of drug resistance-associated mutations. The most commonly encountered mutations occur in the genes encoding for the drug targets: UL54 (DNA polymerase), UL56 (terminase complex), and UL97 (phosphotransferase), conferring resistance to ganciclovir/cidofovir/foscarnet, letermovir, and ganciclovir/maribavir, respectively.

Feasibility of Virtually Delivering Functional Fitness Assessments and a Fitness Training Program in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

The COVID-19 pandemic limited older adults' access to preventative and diagnostic services and negatively affected accessibility to age-appropriate exercise programs. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of conducting guided virtual functional fitness assessments before and after participation in an 8-week virtual, live fitness program (Vivo) designed for older adults. It was hypothesized there would be no significant difference between in-person and virtual functional fitness assessments and function would improve following the program.

Engaging Men of Diverse Racial and Ethnic Groups With Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Design of an mHealth Diet and Exercise Intervention: Focus Group Study.

Background: Healthy diet and exercise can improve quality of life and prognosis among men with prostate cancer. Understanding the perceived barriers to lifestyle change and patient preferences in a diverse cohort of men with prostate cancer is necessary to inform mobile health (mHealth) lifestyle interventions and increase health equity.

Objective: We conducted a multisite study to understand the preferences, attitudes, and health behaviors related to diet and lifestyle in this patient population.