Reprint of: M1 macrophage-targeted curcumin nanocrystals with l-arginine-modified for acute lung injury by inhalation.

Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ALI/ARDS) with clinical manifestations of respiratory distress and hypoxemia remains a significant cause of respiratory failure, boasting a persistently high incidence and mortality rate. Given the central role of M1 macrophages in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI), this study utilized the anti-inflammatory agent curcumin as a model drug. l-arginine (L-Arg) was employed as a targeting ligand, and chitosan was initially modified with l-arginine.

M1 Macrophage-Targeted Curcumin Nanocrystals with l-Arginine-Modified for Acute Lung Injury by Inhalation.

Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ALI/ARDS) with clinical manifestations of respiratory distress and hypoxemia remains a significant cause of respiratory failure, boasting a persistently high incidence and mortality rate. Given the central role of M1 macrophages in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI), this study utilized the anti-inflammatory agent curcumin as a model drug. l-arginine (L-Arg) was employed as a targeting ligand, and chitosan was initially modified with l-arginine.

Inhalation of L-arginine-modified liposomes targeting M1 macrophages to enhance curcumin therapeutic efficacy in ALI.

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), characterized by uncontrolled lung inflammation, is one of the most devastating diseases with high morbidity and mortality. As the first line of defense system, macrophages play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Therefore, it has great potential to selectively target M1 macrophages to improve the therapeutic effect of anti-inflammatory drugs.

[Improving comprehensive retention rate of peppermint oil in freeze-dried preparation based on cyclodextrin inclusion technology].

The freeze-drying technique, characterized by low-temperature processing, is especially suitable for sensitive volatile oils with thermal instability. However, there are few studies focusing on the retention of volatile oils in the processing of freeze-dried preparations. This study evaluated the effects of different addition methods(adsorption, emulsification, solid dispersion, and inclusion) on the retention rate of the main components in peppermint oil, aiming to explore the application feasibility of freeze-dried preparations of volatile oils.

A dry powder inhalable formulation of salvianolic acids for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: safety, lung deposition, and pharmacokinetic study.

Salvianolic acids (SAL), the main bioactive component extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, is a natural product with a reported anti-pulmonary fibrosis (PF) effect. SAL is commonly administrated orally; however, it has a low oral bioavailability (less than 5%). The objective of this work was to develop a new dry powder inhalable formulation intended to facilitate the access of SAL to the target place.

Salvianolic acid B and sodium tanshinone II A sulfonate prevent pulmonary fibrosis through anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic process.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Salvianolic acid B (SAB) and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) are representative components in Salvia miltiorrhiza, which have been reported using in the treatment of PF. The aim of the study was to explain the role of inflammation in the process of PF and to investigate the effect of SAB and STS on inflammation and fibrosis in vitro.

Codelivery of Adriamycin and P-gp Inhibitor Quercetin Using PEGylated Liposomes to Overcome Cancer Drug Resistance.

Transmembrane protein P-gp's overexpression at the drug-resistant cell membrane is the most important characteristic of multidrug resistance (MDR). Quercetin (QUE) can effectively suppress the function of P-gp to reverse MDR. This study uses QUE as the P-gp inhibitor andfilm-ultrasound technique with ammonium sulfate transmembrane gradient method to prepare long-circulating liposomes simultaneously encapsulating QUE and Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (AMD/DOX).

[Standardization system of industry decoction pieces based on whole process quality control concept].

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction pieces refer to prescription drugs that can be used in clinical or preparation production after processing medicinal herbs. TCM decoction pieces industries are inherited from the culture of TCM and are important because of their independent intellectual property rights. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Ch.

[Standardization of preparation of rice fried Codonopsis Radix based on correlation analysis of functional component and shape index].

The quality standard of Chinese herbal medicine is the key in quality control, and the establishment of rice processing technology standard of rice fried Codonopsis Radix has important significance for the overall quality control. In this study, the color brightness (L*), red-green chromaticity coordinate (a*), yellow-blue chromaticity coordinate (b*) and total color value（E*ab）were determined by colorimeter and used as the shape indexes. Ethanol extractives, polysaccharide, lobetyolin and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural contents were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet (UV), and used as chemical indexes in the analysis by normalization distance method.

Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Salvianolic Acids and Tanshinones Dry Powder Inhalation.

Salvianolic acids and tanshinones both exhibit efficacy in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but their formulation limits their clinical use. This study aimed to prepare the salvianolic acids and tanshinones dry powder for inhalation (SPI) to achieve pulmonary delivery for the treatment of IPF. The variable quantities of salvianolic acids and tanshinones composite powder were optimized using the central composite design-response surface method.

[Development of whole process quality control and management system of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces based on traditional Chinese medicine quality tree].

The whole process quality control and management of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction pieces is a system engineering, involving the base environment, seeds and seedlings, harvesting, processing and other multiple steps, so the accurate identification of factors in TCM production process that may induce the quality risk, as well as reasonable quality control measures are very important. At present, the concept of quality risk is mainly concentrated in the aspects of management and regulations, etc. There is no comprehensive analysis on possible risks in the quality control process of TCM decoction pieces, or analysis summary of effective quality control schemes.

[Discussion on research thinking of traditional Chinese medicine standardization system based on whole process quality control].

The concept of "Quality by design" indicates that good design for the whole life cycle of pharmaceutical production enables the drug to meet the expected quality requirements. Aiming at the existing problems of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry, the TCM standardization system was put forward in this paper from the national strategic level, under the guidance by the idea of quality control in international manufacturing industry and with considerations of TCM industry's own characteristics and development status. The connotation of this strategy was to establish five interrelated systems: multi-indicators system based on tri-indicators system, quality standard and specification system of TCM herbal materials and decoction pieces, quality traceability system, data monitoring system based on whole-process quality control, and whole-process quality management system of TCM, and achieve the whole process systematic and scientific study in TCM industry through "top-level design-implement in steps-system integration" workflow.

[Preparation and characterization of salvianolic acids-tanshinones composite powder for inhalation via co-micronized method].

Salvianolic acids and tanshinones are main hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts from Salvia Miltiorrhiza with significant anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects. The aim of this study was to prepare a co-micronized salvianolic acids-tanshinones composite powder for inhalation using a planetary ball mill. The micronization process parameters were optimized by central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM).

Curcumin-piperine mixtures in self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for ulcerative colitis therapy.

Curcumin (CUR) is a poorly water-soluble drug and its absorption is very low. In this study, CUR and piperine (PIP) were co-encapsulated into the nanoformulation called self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to improve the stability and water-solubility of CUR and enhance its anti-colitis activity. The formulation of CUR-PIP-SMEDDS was prepared to encapsulate two hydrophobic components CUR and PIP, and then was characterized by assessing appearance, morphology, particle size, zeta potential and drug encapsulation efficiency.

[Optimization and characterization of curcumin-piperine dual drug loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system by simplex lattice design].

The objective of the study was to prepare and evaluate the quality of curcumin-piperinedual drug loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(Cur-PIP-SMEDDS). Simplex lattice design was constructed using optimal oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactant concentration as independent variables, and the curcumin and piperine were used as model drugs to optimize Cur-PIP-SMEDDS formulation. In the present study, the drug loadings of curcumin and piperine, mean particle size of Cur-PIP-SMEDDS were made as indicators, and the experiment design, model building and response surface analysis were established using Design Expert 8.

[Advance in studies on long-circulating tumor targeted compound preparations].

Tumor has long been a hard-nut problem in the world medical field. The effect of the conventional drugs is very limited because of the intervention of multiple micro-environmental factors during the occurrence and progression of tumors. With the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity and multi-targets synergistic effect, the long-circulating tumor targeted compound preparations show its unique advantages in improving tumor microenvironment and enhancing the therapeutic effect of treatment, thus it has gradually become a hotspot of studies both at home and abroad.

Development of Salvianolic acid B-Tanshinone II A-Glycyrrhetinic acid compound liposomes: formulation optimization and its effects on proliferation of hepatic stellate cells.

The aim of this study was to systematically optimize and characterize the co-encapsulation process of Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), Tanshinone II A (TSN) and Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) into liposomes. The liposomes (GTS-lip) were prepared using film hydration method combined with probe sonication to encapsulate two hydrophobic components (TSN and GA), and using pH gradient method to load hydrophilic component Sal B. The concentration of encapsulated drugs was measured by a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method.

[Comparative study on the protein maps of different parts of Cervus nippon antler by two-dimensional electrophoresis].

Objective: To optimize the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) method for the proteome analysis of the Cervus nippon antler, and compare the protein maps of different parts of Cervus nippon antler.

Methods: The total proteins of Cervus nippon antler were extracted by protein lysate containing 7 mol/L Urea, 4% CHAPS, 2 mol/L Thiourea, 65 mmol/L DTT, 1 mmol/L PMSF and 0.2% Bio-Lyte.

Simultaneous determination of gastrodin and puerarin in rat plasma by HPLC and the application to their interaction on pharmacokinetics.

Gastrodin (Gas) and puerarin (Pur) are bioactive substances derived from traditional Chinese medicine Gastrodia elata and Radix Puerariae, respectively, which were often used together in Chinese clinical prescriptions. Their injections were used in combined way for treatment of some cardiocerebrovascular diseases in clinic, especially for vertigo due to vertebrobasilar ischemia. In this paper, interaction of gastrodin and puerarin in rat plasma pharmacokinetics via intragastic (i.

Competitive molecular interaction among paeonol-loaded liposomes: differential scanning calorimetry and synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies.

Thermotropic phase behavior of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) liposomes containing 5 mol% cholesterol, or 5 mol% stigmasterol, or 5 mol% paeonol have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, to investigate the competitive molecular interaction among paeonol-loaded liposomes. The results show that both sterol and paeonol can incorporate into hydrophobic region and interact with acyl chains of DPPC. Both 5 mol% sterols and 5 mol% paeonol can promote the formation of rippled gel phase of DPPC liposomes at room temperature.

Absorption mechanism of cyclosporine A loaded pH-sensitive nanoparticles in rats.

CyA was prepared into CyA Eudragit S100 nanoparticles (CyA-S100 NP) and the mechanisms of CyA-S100 NP improving the CyA absorption in gastrointestinal tract (GI) were studied systematically in rats. In the GI distribution study, the emptying rates of CyA-S100 NP in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were all lower than these of Neoral, while in stomach, it was larger than that of Neoral. In in situ recirculating intestine perfusion experiment, the largest absorption in CyA-S100 NP group occurred in ileum while that in Neoral group arised in duodenum.

Long-term studies on the stability and oral bioavailability of cyclosporine A nanoparticle colloid.

The present study was geared at the long-term stability and the changes in oral bioavailability of CyA Eudragit S100 nanoparticles stabilized by suspending agents. CyA Eudragit S100 nanoparticle colloids were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique and they were mixed with Xanthan gum to obtain suspended nanoparticle colloids. The suspended nanoparticle colloids were preserved at different temperatures for different period of time, as long as 18 months.

[Preparation of cyclosporine A pH sensitive nanoparticles and oral pharmacokinetics in rats].

Aim: To study the preparation conditions and its oral pharmacokinetic characteristics of cyclosporine A (CyA) pH sensitive nanoparticles.

Methods: The CyA pH sensitive nanoparticles were prepared by the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique (QESD). Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing (250 +/- 20) g were selected and randomly divided into five groups.

[Relative bioavailability of cyclosporine A-loaded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate nanoparticles for oral administration in rats].

Aim: To study the preparation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) nanoparticles and compare its pharmacokinetic characteristics with Neoral.

Methods: HPMCP nanoparticles loaded cyclosporine A were prepared by solvent-nonsolvent method. CyA-HP50 nanoparticles, CyA-HP55 nanoparticles and Neoral were orally administered at the dosage of 15 mg x kg(-1) to rats.

pH-sensitive nanoparticles for improving the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine A.

The purpose of this work was to improve the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine A (CyA) by preparation the CyA-pH sensitive nanoparticles. The CyA-pH sensitive nanoparticles were prepared by using poly(methacrylic acid and methacrylate) copolymer. The characterization and the dispersion state of CyA at the surface or inside the polymeric matrices of the nanoparticles were investigated.