Facts, Dogmas, and Unknowns About Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer.

Cancer metabolism is sustained both by enhanced aerobic glycolysis, characteristic of the Warburg phenotype, and oxidative metabolism. Cell survival and proliferation depends on a dynamic equilibrium between mitochondrial function and glycolysis, which is heterogeneous between tumors and even within the same tumor. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons from NADH and FADH originated in the tricarboxylic acid cycle flow through complexes of the electron transport chain.

Effects of ivermectin on development of Calliphora vicina, Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 (Diptera, Calliphoridae).

Ivermectin is one of the most widely used drugs for parasite control. Previous studies have shown a reduction in the abundance and diversity of "non-target" coprophilous organisms due to the presence of ivermectin (IVM) in bovine faecal matter (FM). Due to its breadth of behavioural habits, Calliphora vicina is a suitable dipteran species to evaluate the effects of IVM in FM.

Enhancing chlamydospore production in Duddingtonia flagrans on solid substrate: The impact of mannitol and varied cultivation conditions.

Duddingtonia flagrans is a nematophagous fungus which has shown promising results as a non-chemical parasitic control tool. The fungus disrupts the parasite's life cycle by trapping larvae in the environment through the networks generated from chlamydospores, thus preventing the reinfection of animals. One barrier to the development of a commercial product using this tool is the need to increase chlamydospore production in the laboratory for its administration to livestock.

Synergism of small molecules targeting VDAC with sorafenib, regorafenib or lenvatinib on hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation and survival.

Voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) in the outer mitochondrial membrane regulate the influx of metabolites that sustain mitochondrial metabolism and the efflux of ATP to the cytosol. Free tubulin and NADH close VDAC. The VDAC-binding small molecules X1 and SC18 modulate mitochondrial metabolism.

A review of the use of Duddingtonia flagrans as a biological controller of strongylid nematodes in horses.

In horses, the nematodes of the Strongylidae family are the most important due to their prevalence and pathogenicity. Sanitary plans include parasite control based on chemical anthelmintics. Among these, the benzimidazole compounds have been used since the 1960s to control the nematode Strongylus vulgaris.

Prevalence of Child Contact Sexual Abuse in the Spanish Region of Andalusia.

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of child sexual abuse (CSA) in Andalusia, Spain's most populated region. A sample of 817 adults (281 male; age = 34.7;  = 13.

Effect of macrocyclic lactones on nontarget coprophilic organisms: a review.

Macrocyclic lactones are frequently used dewormers in livestock farms around the world. Due to their wide spectrum of action against nematodes and arthropods and their practicality of application at very low doses, their use has become massive since their discovery. These compounds are eliminated in a large percentage in the feces of animals, causing adverse effects on coprophilic fauna.

Predictors of Complications After Percutaneous Image-Guided Renal Cryoablation for T1a Renal Cortical Neoplasms.

Purpose: To determine the incidence and predictors of major complications in patients undergoing percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) for small renal masses.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing PCA from 2005 to 2012. We analyzed demographic, radiographic, and complication data.

Early Life Stress Increases Metabolic Risk, HPA Axis Reactivity, and Depressive-Like Behavior When Combined with Postweaning Social Isolation in Rats.

Early-life stress is associated with depression and metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Such associations could be due to increased glucocorticoid levels. Periodic maternal separation in the neonate and rearing in social isolation are potent stressors that increase hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity.

Development and evaluation of a retroperitoneal dialysis porcine model.

Objectives: We attempted to create a surgical model to evaluate the retroperitoneal space for the ability to transfer solutes through the retroperitoneal membrane. Our dual objectives were to develop a technique to assess the feasibility of retroperitoneal dialysis (RPD) in a porcine model.

Methods: We incorporated two 35-kg Yorkshire pigs for this pilot study.

Development of a construct-based risk assessment framework for genetic engineered crops.

Experience gained in the risk assessment (RA) of genetically engineered (GE) crops since their first experimental introductions in the early nineties, has increased the level of familiarity with these breeding methodologies and has motivated several agencies and expert groups worldwide to revisit the scientific criteria underlying the RA process. Along these lines, the need to engage in a scientific discussion for the case of GE crops transformed with similar constructs was recently identified in Argentina. In response to this need, the Argentine branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI Argentina) convened a tripartite working group to discuss a science-based evaluation approach for transformation events developed with genetic constructs which are identical or similar to those used in previously evaluated or approved GE crops.

Comparison of Flow Characteristics of Novel Three-Dimensional Printed Ureteral Stents Versus Standard Ureteral Stents in a Porcine Model.

Purpose: We compared the flow characteristics of novel three-dimensional (3D) printed ureteral stents with four conventional double-pigtail stents in an ex vivo porcine model.

Materials And Methods: In six ex vivo porcine urinary systems with kidneys and ureters intact, we deployed a 5F occlusion catheter in an interpolar calix. We tested each system with antegrade irrigation with a 0.

Evaluation of Ignition and Burn Risk Associated with Contemporary Fiberoptic and Distal Sensor Endoscopic Technology.

Purpose: To evaluate the ignition and burn risk associated with contemporary fiberoptic and distal sensor endoscopic technologies.

Materials And Methods: We used new and used SCB Xenon 300 light sources to illuminate a 4.8 mm fiberoptic cable, 10 mm laparoscope, 5 mm laparoscope, rigid cystoscope, semirigid ureteroscope, flexible cystoscope, flexible fiberoptic ureteroscope, distal sensor cystoscope, and a distal sensor ureteroscope (Karl Storz, Inc.

Comparison of optics and performance of single channel and a novel dual-channel fiberoptic ureteroscope.

Objective: To evaluate performance characteristics and optics of a novel dual-working channel fiberoptic ureteroscope (Wolf Cobra) with 2 single-channel fiberoptic ureteroscopes and to a single-channel distal sensor standard definition digital ureteroscope URF-V (SD-DS).

Methods: Four new ureteroscopes (Cobra, Viper, X(2), and SD-DS) were compared for active deflection, irrigation flow, and optical characteristics. We performed a porcine ureteroscopy and measured the time for cleaning the middle calyx after injection of 10 cc of a standardized bloody solution.

Comparison of outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous renal cryoablation with sedation vs general anesthesia.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of local anesthesia with conscious sedation (LACS) with general anesthesia (GA) in patients undergoing percutaneous renal cryoablation (PRC) for renal cortical neoplasms.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing PRC between 2003 and 2013. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and perioperative and postoperative follow-up data were recorded and analyzed.

Sp6 and Sp8 transcription factors control AER formation and dorsal-ventral patterning in limb development.

The formation and maintenance of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is critical for the outgrowth and patterning of the vertebrate limb. The induction of the AER is a complex process that relies on integrated interactions among the Fgf, Wnt, and Bmp signaling pathways that operate within the ectoderm and between the ectoderm and the mesoderm of the early limb bud. The transcription factors Sp6 and Sp8 are expressed in the limb ectoderm and AER during limb development.

Comparison of radiation dose from conventional and triple-bolus computed tomography urography protocols in the diagnosis and management of patients with renal cortical neoplasms.

Objective: To retrospectively compare the radiation dose of triple-bolus computed tomography (TBCT) and conventional CT (CCT) urography protocols, analyze the effects of body mass index (BMI) on radiation dose in each group, and assess image quality.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the images of patients who underwent CCT or TBCT imaging in the management of renal cortical neoplasms. We used standard volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) to estimate radiation exposure.

Evaluation and comparison of urolithiasis scoring systems used in percutaneous kidney stone surgery.

Purpose: Contemporary predictive tools for percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes include the Guy stone score, S.T.O.

Development of a novel iPad-based laparoscopic trainer and comparison with a standard laparoscopic trainer for basic laparoscopic skills testing.

Introduction: We developed the iTrainer (iT) as a portable laparoscopic trainer, which incorporates the iPad tablet. We then compared the iT with a standard pelvic trainer (SPT) to assess surgical skills as well as its image quality, resolution, brightness, comfort, and overall performance.

Materials And Methods: We designed and constructed the iT to be compatible with the Apple iPad 3 and standard laparoscopic instruments.

Development and initial porcine and cadaver experience with three-dimensional printing of endoscopic and laparoscopic equipment.

Introduction: Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology have made it possible to print surgical devices. We report our initial experience with the printing and deployment of endoscopic and laparoscopic equipment.

Materials And Methods: We created computer-aided designs for ureteral stents and laparoscopic trocars using SolidWorks.

In vitro evaluation of LithAssist: a novel combined holmium laser and suction device.

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare a novel intracorporeal lithotripter, LithAssist (LA; Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN), with the Swiss LithoClast Ultra (SLU; Boston Scientific, Boston, MA) for the fragmentation and removal of artificial stones made of gypsum-based cement.

Materials And Methods: Ten soft and 20 hard ultracal-30 (U-30) stones were fragmented using two lithotripters. We recorded the stone weight (grams) prior to placing them into a 60-mL syringe for fragmentation.

Evaluation of a novel trocar-site closure and comparison with a standard Carter-Thomason closure device.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare a novel trocars-site closure device, the WECK EFx™ Endo Fascial Closure System (EFx) with the Carter-Thomason CloseSure System® (CT) for the closure of laparoscopic trocar site defects created by a 12-mm dilating trocar.

Methods: We created standardized laparoscopic trocars-site abdominal wall defects in cadaver models using a standard 12-mm laparoscopic dilating trocar. Trocar defects were closed in a randomized fashion using one of the two closure systems.

Thyroid nodules in acromegaly.

Objective: We made a prospective study evaluating the prevalence of thyroid nodular disease in acromegalic patients.

Subjects And Methods: Thyroid ultrasound and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy were performed when nodules were detected. Nodules were characterized by cytology and histopathology.