The integration of sample pretreatment remains one of the hurdles towards a rapid, automated micro total analytical system (µ-TAS) for real samples. In this paper, a modular design, which was used for sample preparation, has been developed as the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) millifluidic chips with channels at a millimeter level. Multiple functional units, including extraction, filtration, mixing and solid phase extraction (SPE), for sample pretreatment were integrated in one chip.
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