Effects of Cooling Media on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir Welded SA516 Gr.70 Cryogenic Steel Joints.

SA516 Gr.70 steels were welded by friction stir welding (FSW) under various media of air, water, and water + CO cooling, and the effect of the cooling media on the microstructure and mechanical properties of joints was systematically analyzed. The nugget zone (NZ) under the air-cooling condition contained coarse bainite + martensite.

Synergistic regulation of Li deposition on F-doped hollow carbon spheres toward dendrite-free lithium metal anodes.

The notorious issues of lithium (Li) dendrite growth and volume change hinder the practical applications of Li metal anodes. LiF as a key component of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) governs Li transport and deposition, yet the formation of LiF consumes the anions (PF/TFSI) in the electrolyte, preventing the stable cycling of Li anodes. Herein, fluorine (F)-doped hollow carbon (FHC) was synthesized and used to construct a composite current collector with FHC as an F-rich buffer layer for modifying the Cu foil.

Enhanced Toughness and Ductility of Friction Stir Welded SA516 Gr.70 Steel Joint via Post-Welding Annealing.

The SA516 Gr.70 steel possessing excellent toughness and plasticity has been widely used in the cryogenic field. However, the appearance of coarse bainite in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the fusion welded joint deteriorates the toughness and ductility.

Locally regulating Li distribution on an electrode surface with Li-Sn alloying nanoparticles for stable lithium metal anodes.

Despite the fact that lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have the advantage of higher energy density than traditional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the development of Li anodes is hindered by the issues of dendritic Li growth and parasitic reactions during cycling, which can cause a coulombic efficiency decrease and capacity decay. Herein, a Li-Sn composite anode is developed by a facile rolling method. The generated LiSn nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the Li-Sn anode after the rolling process.

Effects of Compression and Porosity Gradients on Two-Phase Behavior in Gas Diffusion Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

Water management within the gas diffusion layer (GDL) plays an important role in the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and its reliability. The compression of the gas diffusion layer during fabrication and assembly has a significant impact on the mass transport, and the porosity gradient design of the gas diffusion layer is an essential way to improve water management. In this paper, the two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is applied to investigate the two-phase behavior in gas diffusion layers with different porosity gradients under compression.

Holistic processing and visual characteristics of regulated and spontaneous expressions.

The rapid and efficient recognition of facial expressions is crucial for adaptive behaviors, and holistic processing is one of the critical processing methods to achieve this adaptation. Therefore, this study integrated the effects and attentional characteristics of the authenticity of facial expressions on holistic processing. The results show that both regulated and spontaneous expressions were processed holistically.

Constructing Biomass-Based Ultrahigh-Rate Performance SnO @C/SiO Anode for LIBs via Disproportionation Effect.

To break the stereotype that silica can only be reduced via a magnesiothermic and aluminothermic method at low-temperature condition, the novel strategy for converting silica to SiO using disproportionation effect of SnO generated via low-temperature pyrolysis coreduction reaction between SnO and rice husk is proposed, without any raw materials waste and environmental hazards. After the low-temperature pyrolysis reaction, SnO @C/SiO composites with unique structure (Sn/SnO dispersed on the surface and within pores of biochar as well as SiO residing in the interior) are obtained due to the exclusive biological properties of rice husk. Such unique structural features render SnO @C/SiO composites with an excellent talent for repairing the damaged structure and the highly electrochemical storage ability (530.

A stable liquid-solid interface of a lithium metal anode enabled by micro-region meshing.

Although lithium metal is regarded as the most promising anode for high energy density lithium ion batteries, the unstable solid-liquid interface during cycling severely shortens the battery lifetime. The Li deposition behavior is greatly influenced by the current density distribution on the surface of the electrode, which is significantly associated with the electrode structure. A well-designed electrode structure plays a key role in stabilizing the solid-liquid interface of the Li metal anode.

An amorphous hierarchical MnO/acetylene black composite with boosted rate performance as an anode for lithium-ion batteries.

Amorphization is considered to be an effective way to enhance the electrochemical performances of electrode materials due to the existence of isotropy and numerous defects. Herein, an amorphous hierarchically structured MnO/acetylene black (a-MnO/AB) composite is successfully fabricated via a redox method and subsequent mechanical ball milling. The a-MnO/AB composite is composed of approximately 300 nm flower-like amorphous MnO submicron spheres and acetylene black particles with a diameter of about 50 nm.

TiO quantum dots confined in 3D carbon framework for outstanding surface lithium storage with improved kinetics.

Pseudocapacitive lithium storage is an effective way to promote the improvement of electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries. However, the intrinsically sluggish lithium ionic diffusion and the low electronic conductivity of TiO limit its capability of pseudocapacitive behavior with fast surface redox reaction. In this work, TiO quantum dots confined in 3-dimensional carbon framework have been synthesized by a facile process of reverse microemulsion method combined with heat treatment.

Highly compacted TiO/C micospheres via in-situ surface-confined intergrowth with ultra-long life for reversible Na-ion storage.

TiO as the promising anode material candidate of sodium-ion battery suffers from poor conductivity and slow ion diffusion rate, which severely hampers its development. Highly compacted TiO/C microspheres without inner pores/tunnels are synthesized by a very facile one-pot rapid processing method based on novel in-situ surface-confined inter-growth mechanism. This highly compacted TiO/C microspheres exhibit an excellent electrochemical performance of reversible Na storage despite with relatively large particle/aggregation size from submicrometer to micrometer.

Vanadium Pentoxide Nanosheets in-Situ Spaced with Acetylene Black as Cathodes for High-Performance Zinc-Ion Batteries.

The 2D materials of ultrathin nanosheets possess plentiful active sites, effectively enhancing the electrochemical kinetics of various electrode materials. However, 2D materials usually suffer from the aggregation issue due to the strong van der Waals force of the individual nanosheets, leading to irreversible stacking and decreasing capacity. In this work, we develop a universal method to in-situ space the nanosheet cathodes for the electrodes of ZIBs.

Microsized Porous SiO@C Composites Synthesized through Aluminothermic Reduction from Rice Husks and Used as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Microsized porous SiO@C composites used as anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are synthesized from rice husks (RHs) through low-temperature (700 °C) aluminothermic reduction. The resulting SiO@C composite shows mesoporous irregular particle morphology with a high specific surface area of 597.06 m/g under the optimized reduction time.