New Materials and Structures: Anti-Escape Trap Net for Trapping (Harold, 1880) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

The weevil (Harold, 1880), a wood-boring pest of (Mill.) Swingle, has caused significant ecological damage and economic loss in China. Physical control was effective against the related species (Motschulsky).

Does bumblebee preference of continuous over interrupted strings in string-pulling tasks indicate means-end comprehension?

Bumblebees () have been shown to engage in string-pulling behavior to access rewards. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether bumblebees display means-end comprehension in a string-pulling task. We presented bumblebees with two options: one where a string was connected to an artificial flower containing a reward and the other presenting an interrupted string.

Multiple factors influenced the aggregation behavior of adult Eucryptorrhynchus scrobicuatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a notorious pest of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae). E.

Bumblebees attend to both the properties of the string and the target in string-pulling tasks, but prioritize the features of the string.

Previous studies have demonstrated that associative learning and experience play important roles in the string-pulling of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris). However, the features of the target (artificial flower with sugar reward) and the string that bees learn in such tasks remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the specific aspects of the string-flower arrangement that bumblebees learn and how they prioritize these features.

Object use in insects.

Insects are the most diverse group of organisms in the animal kingdom, and some species exhibit complex social behaviors. Although research on insect object use is still in its early stages, insects have already been shown to display rich object-use behaviors. This review focuses on patterns and behavioral flexibility in insect object-use behavior, and the role of cultural evolution in the development of object-use behaviors.

Observations on neurophysiological pattern and behavioural traits as death-feigning mechanism in Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

In adaptation to surrounding environmental stimuli, most insects exhibit defense behaviour (death feigning) to improve survival rates in the wild. However, the underlying mechanism of death feigning remains largely unknown. Here, we tested the neurophysiological pattern and behavioural traits of the death-feigning mechanism in the forestry pest Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus.

Comparison of Fine Structure of the Compound Eyes in and Adults.

and are the main borers of , causing serious economic and ecological losses. The external morphology and internal ultrastructure of the compound eyes of two related weevils were investigated with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. and possess a pair of reniform apposition compound eyes and contain about 550 ommatidia per eye.

Effects of supplemental nutrients on ovarian development and oviposition in Conogethes punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

Conogethes punctiferalis is a serious pest in China affecting a wide variety of field crops, fruits, and forest trees. Many insects require supplemental nutrients after emergence to compensate for insufficient nutrients at the larval stage. In this study, to better understand the determinants of C.

The Influencing Factors of Aggregation Behavior of Tree-of-Heaven Trunk Weevil, (Harold) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

The tree-of-heaven trunk weevil, (Harold) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most harmful pests that damage the tree of heaven, Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae). Aggregation behavior tests of adults were conducted in laboratory conditions. The effects of temperature and light on the aggregation behavior of adults were tested, and the effect of sex and host was conducted with binomial choice experiments.

Morphologic Characters of the Rostrum in Two Weevils, Motschulsky and Harold (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cryptorrhychinae).

(1) Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus and E. brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cryptorrhychinae) are both pests of Ailanthus altissima, found in China. During ovipositing, gravid females of the two weevils need to excavate a cavity in the oviposition substrate with their rostrum, while their oviposition sites are different.

Effects of feeding on different parts of on the intestinal microbiota of and (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

and (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are two monophagous weevil pests that feed on (Mill.) Swingle but differ in their diet niche. In the field, adults of prefer to feed on the trunk of , whereas adults of prefer to feed on the tender parts.

Population differentiation and intraspecific genetic admixture in two weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) across northern China.

Increasing damage of pests in agriculture and forestry can arise both as a consequence of changes in local species and through the introduction of alien species. In this study, we used population genetics approaches to examine population processes of two pests of the tree-of-heaven trunk weevil (TTW), (Harold) and the tree-of-heaven root weevil (TRW), .  (Motschulsky) on the tree-of-heaven across their native range of China.

Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Distribution of (Erschoff) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae).

Among the impacts of ongoing and projected climate change are shifts in the distribution and severity of insect pests. Projecting those impacts is necessary to ensure effective pest management in the future. (Erschoff) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is an important polyphagous forest pest in China where causes huge economic and ecological losses in 20 provinces.

A new management tactic for Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on factors influencing the weevil population density.

Background: The tree of heaven root weevil, Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (TRW), is one of the most damaging pests of Ailanthus altissima in China. A limited number of studies have examined the effects of different variables on the population density of TRW adults. We investigated the relative impacts of the diameter at breast height of host trees (DBH), number of tree species in plots (NTS), weed coverage rate of the host tree base (WCR), plot area (PA), distance from plots to the nearest farmland (DNF), nearest human community (DNHC), nearest irrigation canal (DNIC), and nearest road (DNR) on TRW population density.

Reproductive Dormancy in Overwintering Adult Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Dormancy is important for overwintering insects to resist and adapt to adverse conditions. Dormancy generally contains quiescence and diapause. Eucryptorrhynchus brandti Harold (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), tree-of-heaven trunk weevil (TTW), is a destructive pest and highly host-specific to Ailanthus altissima in China.

Functional relationship between woody plants and insect communities in response to infestation in the Three Gorges Reservoir region.

To study the effect of the invasion of on the functional relationship between woody plants and insect communities, the populations of tree species and insect communities were investigative in the Masson pine forests with different infestation durations of . In this study, the number of began to decrease sharply, whereas the total number of other tree species in the arboreal layer increased gradually with the infestation duration of . The principal component analysis ordination biplot shows that there was a significant change in the spatial distribution of woody plant species in different Masson pine forest stands.

Structural comparison of the rostra of two species of weevils coexisting on Ailanthus altissima: the response to ecological demands of egg deposition.

Background: Elongated rostra play an important role in the egg-laying of weevils, and its emergence plays a key role in the adaptive radiation of weevils. Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus Motschulsky and E. brandti Harold co-occur on the same only host Ailanthus altissima, while their oviposition sites are different.

Comparison and Functional Analysis of Chemosensory Protein Genes From Motschulsky and Harold.

The tree-of-heaven root weevil () and the tree-of-heaven trunk weevil () are closely related species that monophagously feed on the same host plant, the (Mill) Swingle, at different locations. However, the mechanisms of how they select different parts of the host tree are unclear. As chemosensory systems play important roles in host location and oviposition, we screened candidate chemosensory protein genes from the transcriptomes of the two weevils at different developmental stages.

Opportunities to improve China's biodiversity protection laws.

Since 1989, China has established a system of powerful laws and regulations aimed to preserve its rich natural flora and fauna. However, this legislative framework still has shortcomings, in terms of sentencing standards across related crimes and the extent of scientific basis for sentences. Here, we review Chinese biodiversity protection laws and some example cases with the goal of suggesting ways to increase law compliance and thus better protect biodiversity.

Developing traps for the overwintering tree-of-heaven weevils Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus and E. brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Background: The tree-of-heaven root and trunk weevils, Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (TRW) and E. brandti (TTW) are important boring pests of Ailanthus altissima in China. Overwintering TRW and TTW adults can continue to damage A.

Contrasting Behavioral and Electrophysiological Responses of and (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Volatiles Emitted from the Tree of Heaven, .

and (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are host-specific pests of (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), causing extensive damage to the host. There are no effective attractants available for pest management.

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to an essential balm and its components.

Background: An over-the-counter medicine product of China known as essential balm effectively repelled red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren. However, it was not clear which chemical component(s) accounted for the repellency, and whether they would effectively repel S. invicta in the field.

Red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) cover inaccessible surfaces with particles to facilitate food search and transportation.

Eusocial insects have evolved diverse particle-use behaviors. A previous study reported that red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, deposited soil particles on substances treated with essential balm, a fire ant repellent. We hypothesized that S.

Expression Profiling of Plant Cell Wall-Degrading Enzyme Genes in Midgut.

In China, the wood-boring weevil damages and eventually kills the tree of heaven . To feed and digest the cell wall of , requires plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs). In the present study, we used next-generation sequencing to analyze the midgut transcriptome of Using three midgut transcriptomes, we assembled 21,491 unigenes from 167,714,100 clean reads.

Species Attract and Antagonize Termite Pathogen .

Although subterranean termites live within soil, little attention has been paid on the potential interaction among subterranean termites and soil microbes. Herein, we conducted different choice tests to investigate aggregation and tunneling behaviors of Shiraki responding to soil/sand treated with conidia of seven soil fungi, Rifai, Oud., (Bon.