Visual training system 4: a promising adjuvant therapy for ocular accommodative function and visual acuity improvement in refractive amblyopia patients.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Visual Training System 4 (VTS4) as an adjunctive therapy for patients with refractive amblyopia.

Method: A total of 82 patients with refractive amblyopia (142 eyes) treated at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University, were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the treatment protocol. The control group included 40 patients (68 eyes) who received conventional comprehensive treatment, while the observation group was comprised of 42 patients (74 eyes) treated with VTS4 in addition to conventional therapy.

Form-deprivation myopia promotes sclera M2-type macrophages polarization in mice.

Purpose: To explore the phenotype of sclera macrophages in form-deprivation (FD) myopia mice and the effects of M2 macrophage in FD myopia development.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were under 2 weeks of unilateral FD treatment. and they were separated into two groups, including an intraperitoneally injected(IP) vehicle group and Panobinostat (LBH589) (10 mg/kg per body weight) treatment group.

Construction of glaucoma model and comparing eyeball enlargement with myopia in Guinea pig.

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a guinea pig model for glaucoma, comparing resultant eyeball enlargement with an existing myopia model. Thirty guinea pigs underwent intracameral injection of magnetic microspheres to induce chronic ocular hypertension (COH). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was systematically monitored, revealing a successful induction of COH in 73.

Choriocapillaris flow features in children with myopic anisometropia.

Aims: To examine differences between the eyes in choriocapillaris perfusion and choroidal thickness in children with myopic anisometropia.

Methods: In this observational and prospective study, 46 children with myopic anisometropia were enrolled. Choriocapillaris perfusion parameters, including the percentage of flow voids, the total number of flow voids and the average flow void area were obtained by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Long-Term Axial Length Shortening in Myopic Orthokeratology: Incident Probability, Time Course, and Influencing Factors.

Purpose: Long-term axial length (AL) shortening in myopia is uncommon but noteworthy. Current understanding on the condition is limited due to difficulties in case collection. The study reported percentage, probability, and time course of long-term AL shortening in myopic orthokeratology based on a large database.

Temporal bright light at low frequency retards lens-induced myopia in guinea pigs.

Purpose: Bright light conditions are supposed to curb eye growth in animals with experimental myopia. Here we investigated the effects of temporal bright light at very low frequencies exposures on lens-induced myopia (LIM) progression.

Methods: Myopia was induced by application of -6.

Changes in Stress-Strain Index in School-Aged Children: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study.

Purpose: To determine three-year change of the corneal biomechanical parameter stress-strain index (SSI) in schoolchildren aged 7- 9 years and their correlation with refractive error and axial length (AL).

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. Data of the AL, refractive error, and corneal biomechanical parameter SSI were collected at baseline and a 3-year follow-up for 217 schoolchildren.

Using three-dimensional modelling of the anterior sclera to investigate the scleral profile in myopic eyes.

Purpose: This study used three-dimensional (3D) modelling to investigate scleral profiles in myopic eyes and compare them with emmetropic eyes.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, the eyes of 151 participants were analysed using the corneoscleral profile module (CSP) of the Pentacam HR. Non-rotationally symmetrical ellipsoids were fitted to the anterior scleral sagittal height.

Longitudinal Changes in Choroidal Structure Following Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy for Myopia Control: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy has been confirmed as a novel intervention for myopia control in children. This study aims to investigate longitudinal changes in choroidal structure in myopic children following 12-month RLRL treatment.

Materials And Methods: The current study is a secondary analysis from a multicenter, randomized controlled trial (NCT04073238).

Effect of red-light therapy on retinal and choroidal blood perfusion in myopic children.

Objective: To investigate the effect of repeated low-level red-light therapy (RLRLT) on retinal and choroidal blood perfusion in myopic children.

Methods: Forty-seven myopic children (mean spherical equivalent refractive error [SE]: -2.31 ± 1.

Repeatability and Reproducibility of Corneoscleral Topography Measured With Scheimpflug Imaging in Keratoconus and Control Eyes.

Objectives: To determine and compare the repeatability and reproducibility of anterior scleral parameters measured by the corneoscleral profile (CSP) module of Pentacam in keratoconus (KC) and control eyes.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study. Thirty KC participants (30 eyes) and 24 control participants (24 eyes) were examined three times using the CSP.

Axial Shortening in Myopic Children after Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial.

Introduction: Axial length (AL) elongation in myopia is considered irreversible. We aimed to systemically report unexpected AL shortening observed in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) after repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy.

Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of a multicenter, single-masked RCT.

One-year Efficacy of the Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segment Lens in Chinese Myopic Children.

Significance: These data demonstrate that defocus incorporated multiple segment (DIMS) lens reduces myopia progression in children during the first year of use.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of DIMS myopia control spectacle lens in Chinese myopic children aged 6 to 15 years.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 1-year longitudinal data.

Clinically Significant Axial Shortening in Myopic Children After Repeated Low-Level Red Light Therapy: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis.

Introduction: Myopia is recognized as a progressive eye disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and associated factors of clinically significant axial length (AL) shortening among myopic children following repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy.

Methods: The clinical data that were collected for the myopic children aged 3-17 years who received an RLRL therapy delivered by home-use desktop light device that emitted light at 650 nm for at least 1 year, were reviewed.

Longitudinal Changes and Predictive Value of Choroidal Thickness for Myopia Control after Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy.

Purpose: To evaluate longitudinal changes in macular choroidal thickness (mCT) in myopic children treated for 1 year with repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy and their predictive value for treatment efficacy on myopia control.

Design: A secondary analysis of data from a multicenter, randomized controlled trial (RCT; NCT04073238).

Participants: Myopic children aged 8-13 years who participated in the RCT at 2 of 5 sites where mCT measurements were available.

Is Ocular Accommodation Influenced by Dynamic Ambient Illumination and Pupil Size?

Purpose: We investigated ocular accommodative responses and pupil diameters under different light intensities in order to explore whether changes in light intensity aid effective accommodation function training.

Methods: A total of 29 emmetropic and myopic subjects (age range: 12-18 years) viewed a target in dynamic ambient light (luminance: 5, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 lux) and static ambient light (luminance: 1000 lux) at a 40 cm distance with refractive correction. Accommodation and pupil diameter were recorded using an open-field infrared autorefractor and an ultrasound biological microscope, respectively.

Sustained and rebound effect of repeated low-level red-light therapy on myopia control: A 2-year post-trial follow-up study.

Background: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of continued repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy on myopia control over 2 years, and the potential rebound effect after treatment cessation.

Methods: The Chinese myopic children who originally completed the one-year randomised controlled trial were enrolled. Children continued RLRL-therapy were defined as RLRL-RLRL group, while those who stopped and switched to single-vision spectacle (SVS) in the second year were RLRL-SVS group.

Variability of Accommodative Microfluctuations in Myopic and Emmetropic Juveniles during Sustained near Work.

Near work has been considered to be a potential risk factor for the onset of myopia, but with inadequate evidence. Chinese adolescents use digital devices for near work, such as study and entertainment purposes, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we investigated the influence of prolonged periods of near work on accommodative response, accommodative microfluctuations (AMFs), and pupil diameter between juvenile subjects of myopia and emmetropia.

Gene expression profile analyses to identify potential biomarkers for myopia.

Purpose: Increasing evidence suggests myopia is not a simple refractive error, many other factors might also be involved. Here, we assessed myopic and normal corneas' gene expression profiles to identify possible diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for myopia.

Materials And Methods: We obtained the expression profile of ten patients and seven normal control samples from the GSE112155 and GSE151631 datasets based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.

Effect of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy for Myopia Control in Children: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy in myopia control in children.

Design: Multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, single-blind clinical trial.

Participants: Two hundred sixty-four eligible children 8 to 13 years of age with myopia of cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of -1.

gene polymorphisms regulate human retinal vascular endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis through ASF/SF2-associated alternative splicing.

This study investigated the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the （vascular endothelial growth factor） gene, which are associated with susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), on the expression of VEGF proteins (VEGF and VEGF) and their role in cell proliferation and apoptosis in human retinal vascular endothelial cells (hRVECs). Cell viability and VEGF and VEGF expressions were evaluated in hRVECs transfected with genes containing different SNPs (rs3025039, rs3025033, and rs10434). The Cell Counting Kit 8 assay, quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, TUNEL assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to examine the effects of gene SNPs on cell viability, VEGF and VEGF expressions, and cell apoptosis in hRVECs.

Protective effects of NAC and salubrinal on apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid.

Purpose: Accumulation of endogenous all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays a role in the degeneration of photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, contributing to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study attempted to investigate the influence of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and selective endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitor salubrinal on apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells induced by ATRA.

Methods: The RPE cell line (ARPE-19) was treated with ATRA, ATRA+NAC, ATRA+salubrinal or ATRA+NAC+salubrinal and the control was untreated.

Development and validation of a prediction model for axial length elongation in myopic children treated with overnight orthokeratology.

Purpose: To develop and validate a standardized prediction model aiming at 1-year axial length elongation and to guide the orthokeratology lens practice.

Methods: This retrospective study was based on medical records of myopic children treated with orthokeratology. Individuals aged 8-15 years (n = 1261) were included and divided into the primary cohort (n = 757) and validation cohort (n = 504).