Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Damage and the Expression and Function of Mitochondrial Thioredoxin in .

is a unique aquatic invertebrate native to China, whose habitat is highly susceptible to environmental pollution, making it an ideal model for studying aquatic toxicology. Mitochondrial thioredoxin (Trx2), a key component of the Trx system, plays an essential role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), regulating mitochondrial membrane potential, and preventing ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study investigated the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) on and the role of Trx2 (Trx2) in Cd detoxification.

The Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway regulates redox balance and apoptosis in the small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) under hypoxic stress.

Hypoxic stress can result in redox imbalance and apoptosis in teleostean fishes; however, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this process, including its regulation by the key signaling pathway Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE), remain elusive. Therefore, in this study, we chose the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway as the entry point and a combination of in vivo (target organ liver) and in vitro (small yellow croaker fry [SYCF] cell line) experiments to investigate the molecular mechanism by which Larimichthys polyactis (L. polyactis) adapts to hypoxic stress by regulating redox balance and apoptosis.

Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO-NP) exposure in a novel Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii hepatocyte cell line.

In vitro cell culture is crucial for predicting the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO-NP). However, assessing the toxicity of TiO-NPs in sturgeon remains difficult given the lack of sufficient cell lines. We established and characterized the first hepatocyte cell line from Acipenser schrenckii liver tissue (ASL).

Identification of the effects of hypoxia on the liver tissues of Nile tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus.

Background: Hypoxia stress resulted in mortality during the fish aquaculture program, affecting the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. The Egyptian strain of O. niloticus showed a strong ability to hypoxia.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes macrophage functional activities in protecting hypoxia-tolerant large yellow croaker () against infection.

The immune system requires a high energy expenditure to resist pathogen invasion. Macrophages undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet these energy requirements and immunologic activity and polarize to M1-type macrophages. Understanding the metabolic pathway switching in large yellow croaker () macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and whether this switching affects immunity is helpful in explaining the stronger immunity of hypoxia-tolerant .

The application potential of iMSCs and iMSC-EVs in diseases.

The immune system, functioning as the body's "defense army", plays a role in surveillance, defense. Any disruptions in immune system can lead to the development of immune-related diseases. Extensive researches have demonstrated the crucial immunoregulatory role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in these diseases.

Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate lupus nephritis by regulating T and B cell responses.

Background: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (hUCMSC-EVs) have potent immunomodulatory properties similar to parent cells. This study investigated the therapeutic effects and immunomodulatory mechanisms of hUCMSC-EVs in an experimental lupus nephritis model.

Methods: The hUCMSC-EVs were isolated by using differential ultracentrifugation.

Expression and Functional Analysis of the Metallothionein and Metal-Responsive Transcription Factor 1 in under Zn Stress.

Metallothioneins (MTs) are non-enzymatic metal-binding proteins widely found in animals, plants, and microorganisms and are regulated by metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF1). MT and MTF1 play crucial roles in detoxification, antioxidation, and anti-apoptosis. Therefore, they are key factors allowing organisms to endure the toxicity of heavy metal pollution.

The function of the cytoplasmic dynein light chain PTKM23 in the transport of PTSMAD2 during spermatogenesis in Portunus trituberculatus†.

Cytoplasmic dynein participates in transport functions and is essential in spermatogenesis. KM23 belongs to the dynein light chain family. The TGFβ signaling pathway is indispensable in spermatogenesis, and Smad2 is an important member of this pathway.

Tunable Surface Wettability via Terahertz Electrowave Controlled Vicinal Subnanoscale Water Layer.

Achieving timely, reversible, and long-range remote tunability over surface wettability is highly demanded across diverse fields, including nanofluidic systems, drug delivery, and heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, using molecular dynamic simulations, we show, for the first time, a theoretical design of electrowetting to achieve remotely controllable surface wettability via using a terahertz wave. The key idea driving the design is the unique terahertz collective vibration identified in the vicinal subnanoscale water layer, which is absent in bulk water, enabling efficient energy transfer from the terahertz wave to the rotational motion of the vicinal subnanoscale water layer.

The relationship between kidney disease and mitochondria: a bibliometric study.

Background: Due to its highly reabsorptive function, the kidney is a mitochondria-dependent organ. Research on the association between mitochondria and kidney disease has always been a serious focus of researchers, with many publications. Bibliometrics is a secondary analysis of published literature that extracts relevant information to gain insights into hotspots and trends in the field.

Expression Dynamics Indicate Potential Roles of KIF17 for Nuclear Reshaping and Tail Formation during Spermiogenesis in .

Kinesin family member17 (KIF17), a homologous dimer of the kinesin-2 protein family, has important microtubule-dependent and -independent roles in spermiogenesis. Little is known about KIF17 in the mollusk, , a newly developed mariculture species in China. Here, we cloned the open reading frame of and its related gene, , and performed bioinformatics analysis on both.

The Functions of Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B in Spermatogenesis of .

Cytoplasmic Dynein is a multiple-subunit macromolecular motor protein involved in the transport process of cells. The Dynein intermediate chain (DIC) is one of the subunits of Dynein-1. In our previous studies, we showed that Pt-DIC may play an important role in the nuclear deformation of spermiogenesis in .

Risk prediction and treatment assessment in glioma patients using SEER database: a prospective observational study.

Objectives: To use a nomogram to predict the risk of mortality and estimate the impact of current treatment on the prognosis of glioma patients.

Methods: A total of 3798 cases were obtained from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database according to the selection criteria. A nomogram was built on the independent clinical factors screened by the variance inflation factor, univariate analyses and a multivariate Cox regression model.

Expression dynamics indicate the involvement of SPG7 in the reproduction and spermiogenesis of Phascolosoma esculenta.

Spastic paraplegia 7 (SPG7) is an m-AAA protease subunit involved in mitochondrial morphology and physiology. However, its function in animal reproduction is yet to be evaluated. In this study, its molecular features, subcellular localization, and expression dynamics were investigated to analyze its potential function in the reproduction of male Phascolosoma esculenta, an economically important marine species in China.

Application of Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis Techniques.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid containers that are actively released by cells and contain complex molecular cargoes. These cargoes include abundant material such as genomes and proteins from cells of origin. They are involved in intercellular communication and various pathological processes, showing excellent potential for diagnosing and treating diseases.

The Effect of Prohibitins on Mitochondrial Function during Spermiogenesis.

Mitochondria are essential for spermiogenesis. Prohibitins (PHBs; prohibitin 1, PHB1 or PHB, and prohibitin 2, PHB2) are evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial proteins that act as scaffolds in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In this study, we analyzed the molecular structure and dynamic expression characteristics of -PHBs, observed the colocalization of -PHB1 with mitochondria and polyubiquitin, and studied the effect of knockdown on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and apoptosis-related gene expression in spermatids.

Knowledge mapping of immune thrombocytopenia: a bibliometric study.

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. Recently, the pathophysiology and novel drugs of ITP have been the focus of researchers with plenty of publications emerging. Bibliometrics is the process of extracting measurable data through statistical analysis of published research studies to provide an insight into the trends and hotspots.

Transcriptome profiling and differential expression analysis of altered immune-related genes in goldfish (Carassius auratus) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) have been employed as a model organism to investigate the innate immune system and host-pathogen interactions. A Gram-negative bacterium called Aeromonas hydrophila has been found to cause mass mortality due to infection in a wide variety of fish species in the aquatic system. In this study, damages in Bowman's capsule, inflammatory tubular (proximal and distilled convoluted) structure, and glomerular necrosis were observed in A.

Optimization of Sperm Cryopreservation Formulation in .

is a very important marine economic species, and its aquaculture industry has been developing rapidly. However, the phenomenon of marine wild capture of and germplasm degradation has become increasingly serious. It is necessary to develop the artificial farming industry and carry out germplasm resource protection, for which sperm cryopreservation technology is an effective method.

Mitochondrial Features and Expressions of MFN2 and DRP1 during Spermiogenesis in .

Mitochondria can fuse or divide, a phenomenon known as mitochondrial dynamics, and their distribution within a cell changes according to the physiological status of the cell. However, the functions of mitochondrial dynamics during spermatogenesis in animals other than mammals and fruit flies are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed mitochondrial distribution and morphology during spermiogenesis in Sipuncula () and investigated the expression dynamics of mitochondrial fusion-related protein MFN2 and fission-related protein DRP1 during spermiogenesis.