Molybdenum-Catalyzed Asymmetric Amination of α-Hydroxy Esters: Synthesis of α-Amino Acids.

Unnatural α-amino acids are found in a wide variety of bioactive compounds ranging from proteins to pharmaceutical agents to materials science. As a result, the investigation of efficient and simple methods for their synthesis is a major purpose in reaction development. In this study, it is found that a catalyst based on molybdenum, an earth-abundant transition metal, can facilitate the amination of readily accessible α-hydroxy esters to afford N-protected unnatural α-amino acid esters in high yield.

Advanced pathological subtype classification of thyroid cancer using efficientNetB0.

Background: Thyroid cancer is a prevalent malignancy requiring accurate subtype identification for effective treatment planning and prognosis evaluation. Deep learning has emerged as a valuable tool for analyzing tumor microenvironment features and distinguishing between pathological subtypes, yet the interplay between microenvironment characteristics and clinical outcomes remains unclear.

Methods: Pathological tissue slices, gene expression data, and protein expression data were collected from 118 thyroid cancer patients with various subtypes.

Interplay Between Pollution and Avian Influenza Virus in Shorebirds and Waterfowl.

Anthropogenic pollution may disrupt wildlife immune function and increase susceptibility to, and ability to withstand, infection. Of particular concern is avian influenza virus (AIV), which in its low-pathogenic form is endemic in many wild bird populations, notably waterfowl and shorebirds, and in its high-pathogenic form poses a threat to wildlife, livestock and people. Many pollutants have immunomodulative properties, yet little is known about how these pollutants affect AIV infection risk specifically.

Ginseng in delaying brain aging: Progress and Perspectives.

Background: The Shennong Bencao Jing (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica) records that Panax ginseng C. A. Mey (ginseng) 'lightens the body and prolongs life'.

Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Amino α-Tertiary Alcohol through Borrowing Hydrogen Amination.

The first enantioconvergent transition-metal-catalyzed amination of racemic α-tertiary 1,2-diols providing access to vicinal β-amino α-tertiary alcohols is disclosed. The iridium-catalyzed amination reaction proceeds through a chiral phosphoric acid-mediated borrowing hydrogen pathway with excellent yields and enantioselectivities for a range of amine nucleophiles and α-tertiary 1,2-diols. An array of β-amino α-tertiary alcohols were obtained with high yields and enantioselectivities (50 examples with up to 91% yield and up to 99% ee).

PpSPL1 and PpSPL15 inhibit peach branching by increasing strigolactone synthesis.

PpSPL1 and PpSPL15 inhibit peach branching by directly binding to and upregulating the expression of strigolactone (SL) synthesis gene PpLBO1. Branch number is a crucial agronomic trait that influences tree architecture, directly affecting fruit yield and quality. It remains unknown whether SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL), an important transcription factor in determining plant architecture, is involved in the peach branching process.

The Association of Peripheral Refraction and Relative Peripheral Refraction with Astigmatism in Shanghai Schoolchildren's Myopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Currently, no relevant studies have reported a relationship between astigmatism and peripheral refraction (PR). We aimed to describe the association between PR and relative peripheral refraction (RPR) with astigmatism in Chinese children with mild to moderate myopia, and to provide new insights into the influence of astigmatism.

Methods: Three-hundred-and-seven children (6-14 years old) from Shanghai were included in this study.

Repurposing alcohol-abuse drug disulfiram for the treatment of KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma by activating antiviral innate immunity.

Cancer remains a leading cause of global mortality, characterized by high treatment costs, and generally poor prognoses. Developing new anti-cancer drugs requires substantial investment, extended development timelines, and a high failure rate. Therefore, repurposing existing US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for other diseases as potential anti-cancer therapies offers a faster and more cost-effective approach.

Confined Mechanical Microenvironment Regulated Antibiotic Resistance in 3D Biofilm Aggregates Probed by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.

Antibiotic resistance is a significant global concern. Clinical trials have highlighted discrepancies in antibiotic doses between three-dimensional (3D) biofilms and two-dimensional biofilm models. A critical factor often overlooked is the confined mechanical microenvironment (e.

Structural Coloration on Titanium Films by Direct Femtosecond Laser Patterning Empowered by Neural Networks.

Pulsed laser radiation enables high-performing modification of material interfaces, yielding the formation of diverse nanostructures. In particular cases, the imprinted nanostructures permanently modify the optics of the patterned surface through interference, scattering, absorption, or diffraction effects, resulting in its structural coloration with nonfading, stable, and vivid hues. Despite substantial progress achieved in the field of laser-assisted structural coloration of surfaces, there is still a huge need for methods combining facile realization, high resolution unachievable with the best inkjet printers, as well as different coloration schemes realized within a single sample.

Partial protective efficacy of the current licensed Japanese encephalitis live vaccine against the emerging genotype I Japanese encephalitis virus isolated from sheep.

Introduction: Vaccination remains the most effective strategy for preventing and controlling Japanese encephalitis (JE). The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) seroconversion has been documented in sheep and goats across various countries, with occasional fatal cases occurring among sheep on farms in China. Despite the widespread use of attenuated live vaccines, the efficacy of these vaccines in protecting sheep against JE remains uncertain.

Associations of ischemic heart disease with brain glymphatic MRI indices and risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: The impact of ischemic heart disease (IHD) on the brain glymphatic MRI indices and risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations between IHD, brain glymphatic MRI indices and risk of AD.

Methods: A total of 1385 non-dementia subjects (55.

Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Role of a Bacteriocin-Producing Strain of DH9003 in Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice.

To investigate the regulatory effect of a bacteriocin-producing strain of DH9003 on the gut microbiota of mice, 15 healthy C57 male mice were randomly administered an equal volume of sterile normal saline (HD, control group, = 7) and DH9003 (YD, treatment group, = 8) via gavage. Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to determine the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota in mice. The results showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes continuously increased over time in YD compared to HD.

Novel Insight of N6-Methyladenosine in Cardiovascular System.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common and abundant internal co-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs. This modification is catalyzed by m6A methyltransferases, known as "writers", including and , and removed by demethylases, or "erasers", such as and . It is recognized by m6A-binding proteins, or "readers", such as , , , and .

Induces Strong Defense and Increases Resistance in Tomato to .

Pre-stimulation of plants can change their resistance mechanisms, thereby enhancing their defense responses. , a broad-spectrum entomogenous fungi, can also induce plant defenses, but it received little attention. Here, we show that can act as a stimulus to prime tomato defense responses, improving resistance in the plant to herbivore stress.

Identification of splenic IRF7 as a nanotherapy target for tele-conditioning myocardial reperfusion injury.

The sequestration of nanoparticles by mononuclear phagocyte system is a challenge for the use of nanotherapy for treating cardiovascular diseases due to the conventionally perceived loss of therapeutic potency. Here, we revitalize cardiovascular nanotherapy by unlocking an alternative route in which nanomedicines are redirected to the spleen, leveraging its potential as a highly efficient and targeted site for remote conditioning, or tele-conditioning myocardial reperfusion injury. The theoretical foundation underpinning is the splenogenic nature of recruited monocytes upon myocardial reperfusion in the acute stage, which is confirmed through murine heterotopic spleen transplantation.

Advanced Nanoprobe Strategies for Imaging Macrophage Polarization in Cancer Immunology.

Macrophages are ubiquitous within the human body and serve pivotal roles in immune surveillance, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. Phenotypic plasticity is a hallmark of macrophages, allowing their polarization into distinct phenotypes M1 (pro-inflammatory, anti-tumor) and M2 (anti-inflammatory, pro-tumor) in response to local microenvironmental cues. In tumor tissues, the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages profoundly shapes the tumor microenvironment, influencing tumor progression, immune evasion, and metastasis.

JTCD attenuates HF by inhibiting activation of HSCs through PPARα-TFEB axis-mediated lipophagy.

Background: Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is an intermediate stage in the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis and has been shown to be a reversible pathological process. Known evidence suggests that activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and degradation of their lipid droplets (LDs) play an indispensable role in the process of HF. Jiawei Taohe Chengqi Decoction (JTCD) can inhibit the activation of HSCs in the process of HF, but the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated.

Memristor-based circuit design of interweaving mechanism of emotional memory in a hippocamp-brain emotion learning model.

Endowing robots with human-like emotional and cognitive abilities has garnered widespread attention, driving deep investigations into the complexities of these processes. However, few studies have examined the intricate circuits that govern the interplay between emotion and memory. This work presents a memristive circuit design that generates emotional memory, mimicking human emotional responses and memories while enabling interaction between emotions and cognition.

De-escalating Dual Antiplatelet Therapy to Ticagrelor Monotherapy in Acute Coronary Syndrome : A Systemic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Background: The role of transitioning from short dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to potent P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation remains inconclusive.

Purpose: To compare the effects of de-escalating DAPT to ticagrelor monotherapy versus standard DAPT from randomized clinical trials in patients with ACS.

Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.

Deciphering the microbiome, lipopolysaccharides, and metabolome interplay: Unveiling putrescine's mechanism for enhancing sperm quality in heat-stressed boars.

Global warming has added to concerns regarding declining male fertility due to high temperatures. As a metabolite of arginine, putrescine improves gut health and promotes testicular development in boar; however, its action in improving semen quality under heat stress is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effect of putrescine on the semen quality of boars in a heat stress model.

Assessing perfluoroalkyl substance pollution in Central Mediterranean breeding shearwaters.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic organofluorine compounds used in various products, which are highly durable in the environment and may pose risks to wildlife health. We investigated the blood cell concentrations of PFAS in breeding Scopoli's shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea) from three different colonies in the central and southern Mediterranean (Linosa, Malta, and La Maddalena). Shearwaters are flexible, high trophic level foragers, and foraging areas may differ according to sex and breeding stage.

Intravascular imaging-guided versus angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes mellitus: Rationale and design of an international, multicenter, randomized IVI-DIABETES trial.

Background: Intravascular imaging (IVI)- guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can improve clinical outcomes compared with angiography guidance in patients with complex lesions or acute coronary syndrome. However, the impact of this approach among diabetic patients remains unknown.

Trial Design: IVI-DIABETES trial is an investigator-initiated, prospective, international, multicenter, randomized trial, involving at least 30 sites, aiming to enroll 1,332 diabetic patients with obstructive coronary artery disease undergoing PCI.

Pyrochlore NaYbO: A Potential Quantum Spin Liquid Candidate.

The search for quantum spin liquids (QSL) and chemical doping in such materials to explore superconductivity have continuously attracted intense interest. Here, we report the discovery of a potential QSL candidate, pyrochlore-lattice β-NaYbO. Colorless and transparent NaYbO single crystals, layered α-NaYbO (∼250 μm on edge) and octahedral β-NaYbO (∼50 μm on edge), were grown for the first time.