Predicting brain age with global-local attention network from multimodal neuroimaging data: Accuracy, generalizability, and behavioral associations.

Brain age, an emerging biomarker for brain diseases and aging, is typically predicted using single-modality T1-weighted structural MRI data. This study investigates the benefits of integrating structural MRI with diffusion MRI to enhance brain age prediction. We propose an attention-based deep learning model that fuses global-context information from structural MRI with local details from diffusion metrics.

Helmet wearing and related factors among electric personal mobility device users in Korea.

Using data from the 2022 Korea Community Health Survey (n = 13 320), this study investigated helmet use and related factors among Korean adults using personal mobility devices, without distinguishing between private and hired users. Among mobility device users, 32.1% responded that they always wore a helmet.

Predicting hematoma expansion in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: integrating clinical factors with a multitask deep learning model for non-contrast head CT.

Purpose: To predict hematoma growth in intracerebral hemorrhage patients by combining clinical findings with non-contrast CT imaging features analyzed through deep learning.

Methods: Three models were developed to predict hematoma expansion (HE) in 572 patients. We utilized multi-task learning for both hematoma segmentation and prediction of expansion: the Image-to-HE model processed hematoma slices, extracting features and computing a normalized DL score for HE prediction.

Effects of 4-week downhill treadmill walking on the vertebral angle and postural muscle activity in participants with thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture: A comparative longitudinal study.

Background: Maintaining correct posture and optimal spine function has become an important issue due to the increased use of computers and smartphones.

Objective: To investigate the effect of a 4-week downhill treadmill exercise (DTWE) program on participants with thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture (FHP).

Methods: Twenty-eight male participants were randomly assigned to the DTWE (n= 14) or standard treadmill walking exercise (STWE) (n= 14) group.

Preparation of a nanocellulose/nanochitin coating on a poly(lactic acid) film for improved hydrolysis resistance.

Growing concerns regarding plastic waste have prompted various attempts to replace plastic packaging films with biodegradable alternatives such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). However, their low hydrolysis resistance owing to the presence of aliphatic polyesters limits the shelf life of biodegradable polymers. Hydrolysis leads to the deterioration of mechanical performance, which is a key disadvantage of biodegradable plastics.

Added prognostic value of 3D deep learning-derived features from preoperative MRI for adult-type diffuse gliomas.

Background: To investigate the prognostic value of spatial features from whole-brain MRI using a three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network for adult-type diffuse gliomas.

Methods: In a retrospective, multicenter study, 1925 diffuse glioma patients were enrolled from 5 datasets: SNUH (n = 708), UPenn (n = 425), UCSF (n = 500), TCGA (n = 160), and Severance (n = 132). The SNUH and Severance datasets served as external test sets.

Performance evaluation of deep learning models for the classification and identification of dental implants.

Statement Of Problem: Dental implant systems can be identified using image classification deep learning. However, investigations on the accuracy of classifying and identifying implant design through an object detection model are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of an object detection deep learning model for classifying the implant designs of 103 types of implants.

Improvement of Dynamic On-Resistance in GaN-Based Devices with a High-Quality In Situ SiN Passivation Layer.

In this paper, we compared the characteristics of normally-on/off AlGaN/GaN MISHEMTs passivated by an in situ/ex situ SiN layer. The devices passivated by the in situ SiN layer revealed enhanced DC characteristics, such as the drain current of 595 mA/mm (normally-on) and 175 mA/mm (normally-off) with the high on/off current ratio of ~10, respectively, compared with those of the devices passivated by the ex situ SiN layer. The MISHEMTs passivated by the in situ SiN layer also exhibited a much lower increase of dynamic on-resistance (R) of 4.

Role of polymer template in crystal structure and photoactivity of Cu-TiO heterojunction nanostructures towards environmental remediation.

Exploring porous heterojunction nanomaterials as a photocatalyst for water depollution strategies towards environmental restoration is exceedingly difficult in the perspective of sustainable chemistry. Herein, we first report a porous Cu-TiO (TC40) heterojunction by using microphase separation of a novel penta-block copolymer (PLGA-PEO-PPO-PEO-PLGA) as a template through an evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) method having nanorod-like particle shape. Furthermore, two types of photocatalyst were made with or without polymer template to clarify the function of that template precursor on the surface and morphology, as well as which variables are the most critical for a photocatalyst.

Identification of 130 Dental Implant Types Using Ensemble Deep Learning.

To evaluate the accuracy and clinical usability of an identification model using ensemble deep learning for 130 dental implant types. A total of 28,112 panoramic radiographs were obtained from 30 domestic and foreign dental clinics. From these panoramic radiographs, 45,909 implant fixture images were extracted and labeled based on electronic medical records.

Magnetically Actuated Microscaffold with Controllable Magnetization and Morphology for Regeneration of Osteochondral Tissue.

Magnetic microscaffolds capable of targeted cell delivery have been developed for tissue regeneration. However, the microscaffolds developed so far with similar morphologies have limitations for applications to osteochondral disease, which requires simultaneous treatment of the cartilage and subchondral bone. This study proposes magnetically actuated microscaffolds tailored to the cartilage and subchondral bone for osteochondral tissue regeneration, named magnetically actuated microscaffolds for cartilage regeneration (MAM-CR) and for subchondral bone regeneration (MAM-SBR).

Wearable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensor with Highly Sensitive and Direct Detection of Cortisol in Human Sweat.

Wearable biosensors have the potential for developing individualized health evaluation and detection systems owing to their ability to provide continuous real-time physiological data. Among various wearable biosensors, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based wearable sensors can be versatile in various practical applications owing to their sensitive interactions with specific analytes. Understanding and analyzing endocrine responses to stress is particularly crucial for evaluating human performance, diagnosing stress-related diseases, and monitoring mental health, as stress takes a serious toll on physiological health and psychological well-being.

Green and Sustainable Hot Melt Adhesive (HMA) Based on Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and Silanized Cellulose Nanofibers (SCNFs).

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), with a long chain length and high poly(4-hydroxybutyric acid) (P4HB) ratio, can be used as a base polymer for eco-friendly and biodegradable adhesives owing to its high elasticity, elongation at break, flexibility, and processability; however, its molecular structures must be adjusted for adhesive applications. In this study, surface-modified cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were used as a hydrophobic additive for the PHA-based adhesive. For the surface modification of CNFs, double silanization using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) was performed, and the thermal and structural properties were evaluated.

Brain Age Prediction: A Comparison between Machine Learning Models Using Brain Morphometric Data.

Brain structural morphology varies over the aging trajectory, and the prediction of a person's age using brain morphological features can help the detection of an abnormal aging process. Neuroimaging-based brain age is widely used to quantify an individual's brain health as deviation from a normative brain aging trajectory. Machine learning approaches are expanding the potential for accurate brain age prediction but are challenging due to the great variety of machine learning algorithms.

Multi-Domain Neumann Network with Sensitivity Maps for Parallel MRI Reconstruction.

MRI is an imaging technology that non-invasively obtains high-quality medical images for diagnosis. However, MRI has the major disadvantage of long scan times which cause patient discomfort and image artifacts. As one of the methods for reducing the long scan time of MRI, the parallel MRI method for reconstructing a high-fidelity MR image from under-sampled multi-coil k-space data is widely used.

Improved Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes Seen after Superior Capsule Reconstruction using Long Head Biceps Tendon Autograft.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiologic outcomes after superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) with biceps tendon (BT) for irreparable rotator cuff tears.

Methods: The retrospective study period was May 2015 through February 2018. The average follow-up was 32 months (24-48 months) after surgery.

Imaging Assessment of Visceral Pleural Surface Invasion by Lung Cancer: Comparison of CT and Contrast-Enhanced Radial T1-Weighted Gradient Echo 3-Tesla MRI.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced radial T1-weighted gradient-echo 3-tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) for the detection of visceral pleural surface invasion (VPSI). Visceral pleural invasion by non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be classified into two types: PL1 (without VPSI), invasion of the elastic layer of the visceral pleura without reaching the visceral pleural surface, and PL2 (with VPSI), full invasion of the visceral pleura.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three patients with pathologically confirmed VPSI by NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed.

Far-infrared rays enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and expression under low glucose conditions in rat skeletal muscle cells.

Far-infrared rays (FIR) are known to have various effects on atoms and molecular structures within cells owing to their radiation and vibration frequencies. The present study examined the effects of FIR on gene expression related to glucose transport through microarray analysis in rat skeletal muscle cells, as well as on mitochondrial biogenesis, at high and low glucose conditions. FIR were emitted from a bio-active material coated fabric (BMCF).

Recent Trends in Morphology-Controlled Synthesis and Application of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles.

The outstanding journey towards the investigation of mesoporous materials commences with the discovery of high surface area porous silica materials, named MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter-41) according to the inventors' name Mobile scientists in the United States. Based on a self-assembled supramolecular templating mechanism, the synthesis of mesoporous silica has extended to wide varieties of silica categories along with versatile applications of all these types in many fields. These silica families have some extraordinary structural features, like highly tunable nanoscale sized pore diameter, good Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas, good flexibility to accommodate different organic and inorganic functional groups, metals etc.

rt269I Type of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Leads to HBV e Antigen Negative Infections and Liver Disease Progression via Mitochondrial Stress Mediated Type I Interferon Production in Chronic Patients With Genotype C Infections.

Hepatitis B virus infection is a serious global health problem and causes life-threatening liver disease. In particular, genotype C shows high prevalence and severe liver disease compared with other genotypes. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding virological traits still remain unclear.

High Sensitive pH Sensor Based on AlInN/GaN Heterostructure Transistor.

The AlInN/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistor (HEMT) indicates better performances compared with the traditional AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The present work investigated the pH sensor functionality of an analogous HEMT AlInN/GaN device with an open gate. It was shown that the AlInN/GaN device demonstrates excellent pH sense functionality in aqueous solutions, exhibiting higher sensitivity (−30.