Effects of Rice Husk Ash Particle Size and Luxan Value Influence on Mortar Properties and Proposal of Hydration Ratio Measurement Method.

A fundamental study has been conducted on the effective utilization of rice husk ash (RHA) in concrete. RHA is an agricultural byproduct characterized by silicon dioxide as its main component, with a content of 90% or more and a porous structure that absorbs water during mixing, thereby reducing fluidity. The quality of RHA varies depending on the calcination environment; however, the effect is not consistent.

Optimizing injection accuracy for Baxter's nerve entrapment: an ultrasonography-guided approach based on anatomical surface landmarks.

Introduction: The clinical feasibility and applicability of surface landmarks for Baxter nerve entrapment to proximal and distal sites is unclear. This study provides anatomical guidelines for optimal transducer placement using two specific landmarks, the most inferior tip of the medial malleolus (A) and the most protruding posterior tip of the calcaneus (B), to enhance the diagnostic and therapeutic injection efficacy for proximal and distal entrapment sites.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-six feet from 45 fresh cadavers (25 male and 20 female) were dissected to determine Baxter's nerve (BN) localization.

Toward automated detection of microbleeds with anatomical scale localization using deep learning.

Cerebral Microbleeds (CMBs) are chronic deposits of small blood products in the brain tissues, which have explicit relation to various cerebrovascular diseases depending on their anatomical location, including cognitive decline, intracerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral infarction. However, manual detection of CMBs is a time consuming and error-prone process because of their sparse and tiny structural properties. The detection of CMBs is commonly affected by the presence of many CMB mimics that cause a high false-positive rate (FPR), such as calcifications and pial vessels.

Ammonium capture Kinetic, Capacity, and Prospect of Rice Husk Biochar produced by different pyrolysis conditions.

This study explores the potential application of rice husk biochars, categorized by their pH (acidic, pH 5.98; neutral, pH 7.02; and alkali, pH 11.

Fabrication and Characterization of Biocompatible Multilayered Elastomer Hybrid with Enhanced Water Permeation Resistance for Packaging of Implantable Biomedical Devices.

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of hexadecyl-modified SiO (HD-SiO) nanoparticles and their application in the fabrication of a multilayered elastomer hybrid sheet to enhance water resistance in implantable biomedical devices. The surface modification of SiO nanoparticles was confirmed via FT-IR and TGA analyses, showing the successful grafting of hydrophobic hexadecyl groups. FE-SEM and DLS analyses revealed spherical HD-SiO nanoparticles with an average size of 360 nm.

Photodriven Ammonia Synthesis from Manganese Nitrides: Photophysics and Mechanistic Investigations.

Ammonia synthesis from N,N,O,O-supported manganese(V) nitrides and 9,10-dihydroacridine using proton-coupled electron transfer and visible light irradiation in the absence of precious metal photocatalysts is described. While the reactivity of the nitride correlated with increased absorption of blue light, excited-state lifetimes determined by transient absorption were on the order of picoseconds. This eliminated excited-state manganese nitrides as responsible for bimolecular N-H bond formation.

Real-world application of a 3D deep learning model for detecting and localizing cerebral microbleeds.

Background: Detection and localization of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) is crucial for disease diagnosis and treatment planning. However, CMB detection is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and challenging owing to its visual similarity to mimics. This study aimed to validate the performance of a three-dimensional (3D) deep learning model that not only detects CMBs but also identifies their anatomic location in real-world settings.

3D height-alternant island arrays for stretchable OLEDs with high active area ratio and maximum strain.

Stretchable optoelectronic devices are typically realized through a 2D integration of rigid components and elastic interconnectors to maintain device performance under stretching deformation. However, such configurations inevitably sacrifice the area ratio of active components to enhance the maximum interconnector strain. We herein propose a 3D buckled height-alternant architecture for stretchable OLEDs that enables the high active-area ratio and the enhanced maximum strain simultaneously.

Nickel-Catalyzed C-C Activation of Vinylcyclobutane with Visible Light: Scope, Mechanism, and Application to Chemically Recyclable Polyolefins.

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-supported nickel complexes were investigated for the oxidative ring-opening of vinylcyclobutane (VCB) and photocatalytic activity. Addition of VCB to in situ generated [(NHC)Ni(0)] compounds furnished (NHC)Ni(VCB) that underwent oxidative addition and conversion to the corresponding Ni(II) alkyl, allyl-metallacycles. The (NHC)Ni(CH) metallacycles were isolated, characterized, and exhibited high thermal and chemical stability.

An evaluation of recent advancements in biological sensory organ-inspired neuromorphically tuned biomimetic devices.

In the field of neuroscience, significant progress has been made regarding how the brain processes information. Unlike computer processors, the brain comprises neurons and synapses instead of memory blocks and transistors. Despite advancements in artificial neural networks, a complete understanding concerning brain functions remains elusive.

Low-level brain somatic mutations in exonic regions are collectively implicated in autism with germline mutations in autism risk genes.

Low-level somatic mutations in the human brain are implicated in various neurological disorders. The contribution of low-level brain somatic mutations to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however, remains poorly understood. Here, we performed high-depth exome sequencing with an average read depth of 559.

Understanding of Defect Passivation Effect on Wide Band Gap p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cell.

The wide band gap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention for their great potential as top cells in high efficiency tandem cell application. However, the photovoltaic performance and stability of PSCs are constrained by nonradiative recombination, primarily stemming from defects within the bulk and at the interface of charge transport layer/perovskite and phase segregation. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of 2-thiopheneethylammonium chloride (TEACl) on a wide band gap (∼1.

Stretchable OLEDs based on a hidden active area for high fill factor and resolution compensation.

Stretchable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have emerged as promising optoelectronic devices with exceptional degree of freedom in form factors. However, stretching OLEDs often results in a reduction in the geometrical fill factor (FF), that is the ratio of an active area to the total area, thereby limiting their potential for a broad range of applications. To overcome these challenges, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) architecture adopting a hidden active area that serves a dual role as both an emitting area and an interconnector.

Brightening deep-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes: A path to Rec. 2020.

Deep-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) of high purity are highly sought after for next-generation displays complying with the Rec. 2020 standard. However, mixed-halide perovskite materials designed for deep-blue emitters are prone to halide vacancies, which readily occur because of the low formation energy of chloride vacancies.

(Phenoxyimine)nickel-Catalyzed C(sp)-C(sp) Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling: Evidence for a Recovering Radical Chain Mechanism.

Phenoxyimine (FI)-nickel(II)(2-tolyl)(DMAP) compounds were synthesized and evaluated as precatalysts for the C(sp)-C(sp) Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling of (hetero)arylboronic acids with alkyl bromides. With 5 mol % of the optimal (MeFI)Ni(Aryl)(DMAP) precatalyst, the scope of the cross-coupling reaction was established and included a variety of (hetero)arylboronic acids and alkyl bromides (>50 examples, 33-97% yield). A β-hydride elimination-reductive elimination sequence from reaction with potassium isopropoxide base, yielding a potassium (FI)nickel(0)ate, was identified as a catalyst activation pathway that is responsible for halogen atom abstraction from the alkyl bromide.

Ligand Field Sensitive Spin Acceleration in the Iron-Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Unactivated Alkenes and Dienes.

Redox-active pyridine(diimine) (PDI) iron catalysts promote the reversible [2 + 2] cycloaddition of alkenes and dienes to cyclobutane derivatives that have applications ranging from fuels to chemically recyclable polymers. Metallacycles were identified as key intermediates, and spin crossover from the singlet to the triplet surface was calculated to facilitate the reductive coupling step responsible for the formation of the four-membered ring. In this work, a series of sterically and electronically differentiated PDI ligands was studied for the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of ethylene and butadiene to vinylcyclobutane.

Keratinocyte-derived circulating microRNAs in extracellular vesicles: a novel biomarker of psoriasis severity and potential therapeutic target.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by pathogenic hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and immune dysregulation. Currently, objective evaluation tools reflecting the severity of psoriasis are insufficient. MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles (EV miRNAs) have been shown to be potential biomarkers for various inflammatory diseases.

Multicentric Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of Bones Showing Angiotropic Spread: A Case Report.

Epithelioid angiosarcoma is a rare variant of angiosarcoma characterized by an epithelioid morphology that mimics carcinoma. Therefore, multicentric epithelioid angiosarcoma is easily misdiagnosed as bone metastasis from carcinoma and has an aggressive clinical course. Here, we present a rare case of a 61-year-old male with multicentric epithelioid angiosarcoma of the bone.