Dispersive biofilm from membrane bioreactor strains: effects of diffusible signal factor addition and characterization by dispersion index.

Introduction: Biofilm occurs ubiquitously in water system. Excessive biofilm formation deteriorates severely system performance in several water and wastewater treatment processes. Quorum sensing systems were controlled in this study with a signal compound -2-Decenoic acid (CDA) to regulate various functions of microbial communities, including motility, enzyme production, and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production in biofilm.

Humic acid removal and microbial community function in membrane bioreactor.

A membrane bioreactor with humic acid substrate (MBR-H) was operated to investigate organic removal and membrane performance. Approximately, 60% of chemical oxygen demand removal was observed in MBR-H. The biosorption capacity reached to the maximum value of 29.

Characteristics of organic fouling, reversibility by physical cleaning and concentrates in forward osmosis membrane processes for wastewater reclamation.

Numerous advantages of forward osmosis (FO) include operation at low or no hydraulic pressure, high rejection of a wide range of contaminants, and low irreversible fouling. The FO has been investigated to reduce effluent discharge in wastewater reclamation. The application of wastewater effluent as a feed stream to FO yields fouling on the active layer of the FO membrane.

Monitoring biofouling based on aerobic respiration in reverse osmosis system.

A monitoring method of biofouling in reverse osmosis (RO) system was proposed based on the fluorescent signal of resorufin, which is reduced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide released from viable cells during aerobic respiration. The fluorescent signal of resorufin reduced by planktonic cells and microorganisms of biofilm showed linearity, indicating its feasibility to monitor biofouling in a RO system. For the application of the method to the lab-scale RO system, the injection concentration of resazurin and the injection flow rate were optimized.

Design and QoS of a wireless system for real-time remote electrocardiography.

Quality of service (QoS) and, in particular, reliability and a bounded low latency are essential attributes of safety-critical wireless systems for medical applications. However, wireless links are typically prone to bursts of errors, with characteristics which vary over time.We propose a wireless system suitable for real-time remote patient monitoring in which the necessary reliability and guaranteed latency are both achieved by an efficient error control scheme.