Optimization of Fermentation Conditions in Ergothioneine Biosynthesis from Ganoderma resinaceum (Agaricomycetes) and an Evaluation of Their Inhibitory Activity on Xanthine Oxidase.

Ganoderma resinaceum is a traditional mushroom that contains natural products, including ergothioneine (EGT), which has powerful antioxidant properties in the human body. To increase EGT yield from G. resinaceum, the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources in the culture medium were determined as 20 g/L sucrose and 4 g/L NH4Cl, respectively.

The fermentation of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide influenced gut bacterial LPS structure formation and changed its antigenicity.

Gut bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be released into the circulatory system via the gut-liver axis and cause inflammatory immune response, while Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide (CMP40) has been reported to be effective in alleviating this inflammatory response. In this study, the effects of CMP40 gut fermentation on internal LPS structure formation and the subsequent immune response were explored. Results showed that CMP40 could change antigenicity of LPS of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella enterica, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, indicated by a reduced level of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.

Computer-Guided Engineered Endo- and Exocleaving Glycosidase for Significantly Improving Production of Ginsenoside F1.

Ginsenoside F1, a particularly rare and valuable compound known for its health benefits, requires precise deglycosylation due to the extensive glycosylation of ginsenosides in . Here, we identified that the β-d-glucosidase BglSK exhibits both endo- and exocleaving glycosidase activities with glycosides, thereby facilitating the specific production of Ginsenoside F1. The variant BglSK, obtained through protein engineering, displayed / values for the reactions of ginsenoside Rg1 and notoginsenoside R1 that were increased by 13.

Structure and functionality of Pleurotus geesteranus protein isolate as a function of pH.

Edible mushroom proteins hold great potential for food applications, but those extracted using the alkaline extraction-acid precipitation method typically exhibit poor solubility in neutral water, with the structural changes during acid precipitation remaining unclear. In this study, Pleurotus geesteranus protein isolate (PGPI) with high water solubility was prepared with alkaline extraction, followed by dialysis and freeze-drying, and the effects of pH on the structural and functional properties of PGPI were systematically investigated. PGPI was enriched in essential and aromatic amino acids, and the molecular weight of bands in the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile was mainly distributed below 45 kDa.

Sintilimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) combined with high-dose methotrexate, temozolomide, and rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a phase 2 study.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and frequently fatal lymphoma subtype. The programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway has emerged as a potential therapeutic target, but the effectiveness of PD-1 antibody sintilimab in combination with immunochemotherapy as a frontline treatment for PCNSL remains to be determined. In this phase 2 trial (ChiCTR1900027433) with a safety run-in, we included patients aged 18-70 with newly diagnosed PCNSL.

NCX1/Ca promotes autophagy and decreases bortezomib activity in multiple myeloma through non-canonical NFκB signaling pathway.

Although bortezomib (BTZ) is the cornerstone of anti-multiple myeloma (MM) therapy, the inevitable primary and secondary drug resistance still seriously affects the prognosis of patients. New treatment strategies are in need. Sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1) is a calcium-permeable ion transporter on the membrane, and our previous studies showed that low NCX1 confers inferior viability in MM cells and suppressed osteoclast differentiation.

Submerged Culture of Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Mycelia and Their Applications in Food Products: A Review.

Edible mushrooms have rich nutrition (e.g., proteins, dietary fibers, polysaccharides) and they can be potential sources of important ingredients in food processing.

Proteomics analysis of enzyme systems and pathway changes during the moromi fermentation of soy sauce mash.

Background: During the brewing of soy sauce, the conversion of multiple substances is driven by various microorganisms and their secreted enzyme systems. Soy sauce mash is an important source of enzyme systems during moromi fermentation, but the changes of enzyme systems in soy sauce mash during moromi fermentation are poorly understood. In order to explore the predominant enzyme systems existing during moromi fermentation and to explain the characteristics of the enzyme system changes, an enzymatic activities assay and 4D-label-free proteomics analysis were conducted on soy sauce mash at different stages of fermentation.

[Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT for staging and prognostic assessment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: comparison to [F]FDG PET/CT.

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic performance of [Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT at baseline for staging of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) and to compare it with [F]FDG PET/CT and the Revised-International Staging System (R-ISS).

Methods: Patients who underwent [Ga]Pentixafor and [F]FDG PET/CT imaging were retrospectively included. Patient staging was performed according to the Durie-Salmon PLUS staging system based on [Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT and [F]FDG PET/CT images, and the R-ISS.

Fusions with High Yield of Ergothioneine and Comparative Analysis of Its Genomics.

Ergothioneine (EGT), an exceptional antioxidant found ubiquitously across diverse living organisms, plays a pivotal role in various vital physiological regulatory functions. Its principal natural sources are mushrooms and animal liver tissues. spp.

The beneficial potential of protein hydrolysates as prebiotic for probiotics and its biological activity: a review.

Probiotics are not only a food supplement, but they have shown great potential in their nutritional, health and therapeutic effects. To maximize the beneficial effects of probiotics, it is commonly achieved by adding prebiotics. Prebiotics primarily comprise indigestible carbohydrates, specific peptides, proteins, and lipids, with oligosaccharides being the most extensively studied prebiotics.

Revised spectral optimization approach to remove surface-reflected radiance for the estimation of remote-sensing reflectance from the above-water method.

The effective sea-surface skylight reflectance (ρ) is an important parameter for removing the contribution of surface-reflected radiance when measuring water-leaving radiance (Lw) using the above-water approach (AWA). Radiative simulations and field measurements show that ρ varies spectrally. To improve the determination of Lw (and then remote sensing reflectance, Rrs) from the AWA, we further developed a wavelength-dependent model for ρ to remove surface-reflected radiance, which is applied with a spectral optimization approach for the determination of Rrs.

Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides modulate gut microbiota and improve metabolic disorders in mice with diet-induced obesity.

Background: Cordyceps militaris is an edible and medicinal fungus, and its polysaccharides are among its main pharmacological components. They can display immunomodulation, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-hypolipidemic, and other functions. The anti-obesity effect of C.

Rheological and microstructural properties of polysaccharide obtained from the gelatinous Tremella fuciformis fungus.

The gelatinous feature of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TFP) has attracted growing interest in its application as a thickening agent in the food industry. This study aims to reveal the microstructure and rheological properties of TFP. Results showed that TFP randomly distributed in aqueous solutions in an irregular worm-like morphology and formed a more extensive entangled network and stiffer chains at higher concentration solutions.

Derivation of uncertainty budgets for continuous above-water radiometric measurements along an Atlantic Meridional Transect.

Fiducial reference measurements are in-situ data traceable to metrology standards, with associated uncertainties. This paper presents the methodology used to derive the uncertainty budget for underway, above-water measurements from the Seabird Hyperspectral Surface Acquisition System deployed on an Atlantic Meridional Transect in 2018. The average uncertainty of remote sensing reflectance for clear sky days was ∼ 6% at wavelengths < 490 nm and ∼ 12% at wavelengths > 550 nm.

Physicochemical and functional properties of Pleurotus geesteranus proteins.

Edible mushroom protein has been regarded as a promising protein source due to its nutritional value and sustainability. In the present study, Pleurotus geesteranus proteins were extracted with alkaline solution and then precipitated with salting out (PPS) and isoelectric point precipitation (PPI), respectively. The influences of precipitation method on the physicochemical and functional properties of these two kinds of proteins were studied.

Amelioration effect of water extract from FQ23 solid-state fermentation fungal substance with high-yield ergothioneine on anxiety-like insomnia mice.

Herein, a solid-state fermentation (SSF) system of FQ23 with high-yield ergothioneine (EGT) was established, and the amelioration effect of the water extract from its fungal substance on anxiety-like insomnia mice was studied. The content of EGT in the FQ23 SSF fungal substance increased to 1.146 ± 0.

The in Vitro Fermentation of Polysaccharides Changed the Simulated Gut Condition and Influenced Gut Bacterial Motility and Translocation.

The motility ability of intestinal lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing bacteria determines their translocation to the enterohepatic circulation and works as an infectious complication. In this study, the health effects of polysaccharides (CMPs) were re-evaluated based on whether these polysaccharides could affect the motility of gut commensal LPS-producing bacteria and impede their translocation. The results showed that CMP-m fermentation in the gut could change the chemical environment, leading to a decrease in velocity and a shift in the motility pattern.

Multiplex gene precise editing and large DNA fragment deletion by the CRISPR-Cas9-TRAMA system in edible mushroom Cordyceps militaris.

The medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris contains abundant valuable bioactive ingredients that have attracted a great deal of attention in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, the development of this valuable mushroom faces the obstacle of lacking powerful genomic engineering tools. Here, by excavating the endogenous tRNA-processed element, introducing the extrachromosomal plasmid and alongside with homologous template, we develop a marker-free CRISPR-Cas9-TRAMA genomic editing system to achieve the multiplex gene precise editing and large synthetic cluster deletion in C.

Enhancement of ergothioneine production by discovering and regulating its metabolic pathway in Cordyceps militaris.

Background: Cordyceps militaris is a traditional medicinal fungus contains a variety of functional ingredients and has been developed as an important mushroom food recently. Ergothioneine, one of the antioxidative compounds in C. militaris, is benefits on aging-related diseases and therefore became a novel functional food nutritive fortifier.

Fabrication of gel-like emulsions with γ-zein particles using microfluidization: Structure formation and rheological properties.

In this work, γ-zein, which is a type of cysteine rich prolamine in corn, was prepared into particles for fabricating stable gel-like emulsions. The effects of homogenization pressure (0.1-120 MPa) on structure formation and rheological properties of emulsions were systematically studied.

Overlapping promoter library designed for rational heterogenous expression in Cordyceps militaris.

Background: Cordyceps militaris, a kind of edible and medicinal fungus widely accepted in East Asia, has attracted much attention as a potential cell factory for producing adenosine analogs. Despite the rapid development in gene editing techniques and genome modeling, the diversity of DNA elements in C. militaris was too short to achieve rational heterogeneous expression for metabolic engineering studies.

A review on recent advances in LED-based non-thermal technique for food safety: current applications and future trends.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is an eco-friendly light source with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Recent studies have extensively been conducted to evaluate its efficacy in microbiological safety and the potential as a preservation method to extend the shelf-life of foods. This review aims to present the latest update of recent studies on the basics (physical, biochemical and mechanical basics) and antimicrobial activity of LEDs, as well as its application in the food industry.

Progress in biological activities and biosynthesis of edible fungi terpenoids.

The edible fungi have both edible and medicinal functions, in which terpenoids are one of the most important active ingredients. Terpenoids possess a wide range of biological activities and show great potential in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. In this review, the diverse biological activities of edible fungi terpenoids were summarized with emphasis on the mechanism of anti-cancer and anti-inflammation.

Microbial Cell Factory of Baccatin III Preparation in by Increasing DBAT Thermostability and Acetyl-CoA Supply.

Given the rapid development of genome mining in this decade, the substrate channel of paclitaxel might be identified in the near future. A robust microbial cell factory with gene , encoding a key rate-limiting enzyme 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10--transferase (DBAT) in paclitaxel biosynthesis to synthesize the precursor baccatin III, will lay out a promising foundation for paclitaxel synthesis. Here, we integrated gene into the wild-type BW25113 to construct strain BWD01.