Identification and characterization of soybean phytochrome-interacting factors and their potential roles in abiotic stress.

Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) belong to a subfamily of the bHLH transcription factor family and play a pivotal role in plant light signal transduction, hormone signal pathways, and the modulation of plant responses to various abiotic stresses. The soybean (Glycine max) is a significant food crop, providing essential oil and nutrients. Additionally, it is a vital industrial raw material and a lucrative cash crop.

Reduction of infection on through host-induced gene silencing of two secreted genes.

Clubroot disease caused by the biotrophic pathogen , is one of the most serious threats to cruciferous crops production worldwide. is known for rapid adaptive evolution to overcome resistance in varieties. It is urgent to establish alternative management to control .

Melatonin Priming Promotes Crop Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment Under Flooding Stress by Mediating ABA, GA, and ROS Cascades.

Both seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment are key checkpoints during the life cycle of seed plants, yet flooding stress markedly inhibits both processes, leading to economic losses from agricultural production. Here, we report that melatonin (MT) seed priming treatment enhances the performance of seeds from several crops, including soybean, wheat, maize, and alfalfa, under flooding stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that MT priming promotes seed germination and seedling establishment associated with changes in abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) biosynthesis and signaling pathways.

PIF4 interacts with ABI4 to serve as a transcriptional activator complex to promote seed dormancy by enhancing ABA biosynthesis and signaling.

Transcriptional regulation plays a key role in the control of seed dormancy, and many transcription factors (TFs) have been documented. However, the mechanisms underlying the interactions between different TFs within a transcriptional complex regulating seed dormancy remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that TF PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) physically interacted with the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling responsive TF ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) to act as a transcriptional complex to promote ABA biosynthesis and signaling, finally deepening primary seed dormancy.

Nitrogen allocation for CO fixation promotes nitrogen use in the photosynthetic compensation of soybean under heterogeneous light after a pre-shading.

Unlabelled: The spatial and temporal distribution of sunlight around plants is constantly changing in natural and farmland environments. Previous studies showed that the photosynthesis of crops responds significantly to heterogeneous light conditions in fields. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Red and Blue Light Induce Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus Infection through the Coordination of Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Defense Pathways.

(SMV) seriously harms soybean quality and yield. In order to understand the effect of a heterogeneous light environment on the disease resistance of intercropped soybeans, we simulated three kinds of light environments to learn the effects of white light, blue light, and far-red light on the SMV resistance of soybeans. The results showed that compared with the control, SMV-infected soybeans showed dwarfing and enhanced defense.

Singlet oxygen induces cell wall thickening and stomatal density reducing by transcriptome reprogramming.

Singlet oxygen (O) has a very short half-life of 10 s; however, it is a strong oxidant that causes growth arrest and necrotic lesions on plants. Its signaling pathway remains largely unknown. The Arabidopsis flu (fluorescent) mutant accumulates a high level of O and shows drastic changes in nuclear gene expression.

Assessment of molybdenum application on soybean physiological characteristics in maize-soybean intercropping.

Soybean is a leguminous crop known for its efficient nitrogen utilization and ease of cultivation. However, its intercropping with maize may lead to severe reduction in its growth and yield due to shading effect of maize. This issue can be resolved by the appropriate application of essential plant nutrient such as molybdenum (Mo).

Improved photosynthetic performance under unilateral weak light conditions in a wide-narrow-row intercropping system is associated with altered sugar transport.

Intercropping improves resource utilization. Under wide-narrow-row maize (Zea mays) intercropping, maize plants are subjected to weak unilateral illumination and exhibit high photosynthetic performance. However, the mechanism regulating photosynthesis under unilateral weak light remains unknown.

Soybean balanced the growth and defense in response to SMV infection under different light intensities.

Light is essential for the growth and defense of soybean. It is not clear how soybeans adjust their defenses to different light environments with different cropping patterns. The mechanism of soybean response to (SMV) infection under different light intensities was analyzed by RNA-seq sequencing method.

Biochar-Mediated Control of Metabolites and Other Physiological Responses in Water-Stressed .

We investigated biochar-induced drought tolerance in (Kallar grass) by exploring the plant defense system at physiological level. plants were exposed to drought stress (100%, 70%, and 30% field capacity), and biochar (BC), as an organic soil amendment was applied in two concentrations (15 and 30 mg kg soil) to induce drought tolerance. Our results demonstrated that drought restricted the growth of by inhibiting shoot and root (fresh and dry) weight, total chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate.

Comparing the infection biology and gene expression differences of primary and secondary zoospores.

(Wor.) is an obligate plant pathogen affecting Brassicae worldwide. To date, there is very little information available on the biology and molecular basis of primary and secondary zoospore infections.

Comparative analysis of farmer practices and high yield experiments: Farmers could get more maize yield from maize-soybean relay intercropping through high density cultivation of maize.

Intercropping is a high-yield, resource-efficient planting method. There is a large gap between actual yield and potential yield at farmer's field. Their actual yield of intercropped maize remains unclear under low solar radiation-area, whether this yield can be improved, and if so, what are the underlying mechanism for increasing yield? In the present study, we collected the field management and yield data of intercropping maize by conducting a survey comprising 300 farmer households in 2016-2017.

Occurrence and Molecular Variability of the Main Kiwifruit Viruses in the Sichuan Province of China.

Viruses cause important yield losses in kiwifruit. Here, we studied the occurrence and population structure of the major kiwifruit viruses in the Sichuan province of China. RT-PCR results showed the presence of Actinidia virus A (AcVA), Actinidia virus B (AcVB), Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated virus (AcCRaV), and the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV).

Genome-wide characterization of soybean genes and their expression responses to .

RALFs (RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTORs) are small peptides required for plant growth, development and immunity. RALF has recently been discovered to regulate plant resistance to fungal infection. However, little is known in crops, particularly in soybean.

Photosynthetic compensation of maize in heterogeneous light is impaired by restricted photosynthate export.

When a plant is exposed to heterogeneous light, the photosynthesis of unshaded leaves is often stimulated to compensate for the decline in photosynthesis of shaded leaves, i.e., photosynthetic compensation.

Multifaceted roles of the ERECTA family in plant organ morphogenesis.

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) can participate in multiple signalling pathways and are considered one of the most critical components of the early events of intercellular signalling. As an RLK, the ERECTA family (ERf), which comprises ERECTA (ER), ERECTA-Like1 (ERL1), and ERECTA-Like2 (ERL2) in Arabidopsis, regulates multiple signalling pathways in plant growth and development. Despite its indispensability, detailed information on ERf-manipulated signalling pathways remains elusive.

Abscisic acid inhibits primary root growth by impairing ABI4-mediated cell cycle and auxin biosynthesis.

Cell cycle progression and the phytohormones auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) play key roles in primary root growth, but how ABA mediates the transcription of cell cycle-related genes and the mechanism of crosstalk between ABA and auxin requires further research. Here, we report that ABA inhibits primary root growth by regulating the ABA INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4)-CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE B2;2 (CDKB2;2)/CYCLIN B1;1 (CYCB1;1) module-mediated cell cycle as well as auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ABA induced ABI4 transcription in the primary root tip, and the abi4 mutant showed an ABA-insensitive phenotype in primary root growth.

Gravity Reduced Nitrogen Uptake the Regulation of Brace Unilateral Root Growth in Maize Intercropping.

Water, nutrient, light, and interspecific facilitation regulation of soil physicochemical properties and root morphology modulate nitrogen (N) uptake in cereal and legume intercropping systems. However, maize root morphological plasticity and N uptake capability response to gravity in the intercropping system remains to be determined. In this study, maize was grown under 20 cm (I), 40 cm (I), and 60 cm (I) of narrow row spacing in an intercropping system (maize-soybean strip relay intercropping) and equal row spacing of monoculture (M) in a 2-year field experiment.

Development of a multiplex RT-PCR assay for the detection of soybean mosaic virus, bean common mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus in field samples of soybean.

Soybean is susceptible to viral diseases which are often present as mixed infections. The individual simplex RT-PCR methods used for the identification of multiple viruses are more tedious and time-consuming than the corresponding multiplex RT-PCR. This study used soybean mosaic virus (SMV), bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected leaf samples from southern China as the test materials to evaluate a multiplex RT-PCR assay developed for the simultaneous detection of these viruses.

Changing light promotes isoflavone biosynthesis in soybean pods and enhances their resistance to mildew infection.

Mildew severely reduces soybean yield and quality, and pods are the first line of defence against pathogens. Maize-soybean intercropping (MSI) reduces mildew incidence on soybean pods; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Changing light (CL) from maize shading is the most important environmental feature in MSI.

Potential importance of malate diffusion in the response of maize photosynthesis to heterogeneous light.

It is well known that the photosynthetic performance of a leaf is highly dependent on the systemic regulation from distal parts within a plant under light heterogeneity. However, there are few studies focusing on C-specific processes. In the present study, two cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase MAPKKK7 from Regulates Low-Light-Dependent Immunity.

MAPKKK is the largest family of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades and is known to play important roles in plant pathogen interaction by regulating fungal cell proliferation, growth, and pathogenicity. Thus far, only a few have been characterized because of the functional redundancy of MAPKKKs. In this study, it is interesting that () was clustered into the A3 subgroup of plant MAPKKKs by a phylogenetic analysis and also with the BCK1 and STE groups of fungal MAPKKKs.

Comparative study on the different responses of maize photosynthesis to systemic regulation under light heterogeneity.

Photosynthetic performance of a leaf is widely recognized to be systemically regulated by distal parts within the same plant. However, the effects of systemic regulation on different plant materials cannot be generalized. In this work, two cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.