Spray drying the Pickering emulsions stabilized by chitosan/ovalbumin polyelectrolyte complexes for the production of oxidation stable tuna oil microcapsules.

The microencapsulation of polysaturated fatty acids by spray drying remains a challenge due to their susceptibility to oxidation. In this work, antioxidant Pickering emulsions were attempted as feeds to produce oxidation stable tuna oil microcapsules. The results indicated that the association between chitosan (CS) and ovalbumin (OVA) was a feasible way to fabricate antioxidant and wettable complexes and a high CS percentage favored these properties.

Antibacterial activity of lysozyme after association with carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan.

The unique high isoelectric point of lysozyme (LYZ) restricts its application in composite antibacterial coating due to the unfavorable liability to electrostatic interaction with other components. In this work, the antibacterial activity of a dispersible LYZ-carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) polyelectrolyte complex was evaluated. Kinetic analysis revealed that, compared with free LYZ, the complexed enzyme exhibited decreased affinity (K) but markedly increased V against Micrococcus lysodeikticus, and QCM and dynamic light scattering analysis confirmed that the complex could bind with the substrate but in a much lower ratio.

Interfacial adsorption behavior of the Aspergillus oryzae lipase-chitosan complex and stability evaluation of the resultant Pickering emulsion.

To prompt the application of the chitosan (CS)-Aspergillus oryzae lipase (AOL) complex in the construction of novel biphasic catalysis medium, its Pickering emulsion stabilization ability as well as adsorption behavior in the oil-water interface were investigated and the stability of resultant emulsion was evaluated. The results indicated that the CS-AOL complex assembled in mass ratio 1:5 was an effective Pickering stabilizer and up to 90 % AOL could be retained in the emulsion interface. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring suggested that the CS-AOL complex spontaneously absorbed to oil-water interface; absorption dynamics analysis revealed that the adsorption was driven by diffusion accompanied by rapid structural rearrangement; while interfacial dilatational rheology demonstrated the formation of an elastic film in the oil-water interface.

Addition of Chelators Increased the Stability of Black Rice Anthocyanins against the Metallic Ions in Tap Water and Improved the Coloration of Steamed Cold Noodles.

The anthocyanins in black rice extract (BRA) are sensitive to metallic ions, which restrict its application in the coloration of steamed cold noodles in China that uses tap water as the solvent. Food-grade chelators were added to check if they could increase the stability of BRA. The results indicated that the color decay of BRA in tap water was mainly caused by Fe, Cu, and Fe, and the addition of chelators could effectively antagonize this effect.

Preparation of powdered oil by spray drying the Pickering emulsion stabilized by ovalbumin - Gum Arabic polyelectrolyte complex.

The suitability of the perilla seed oil Pickering emulsion stabilized by the ovalbumin (OVA) - gum Arabic (GA) polyelectrolyte complex for spray drying was investigated and the resultant powder was characterized. The OVA - GA complex conferred enhanced stability to the emulsion than OVA, GA, and their mixture. The viscosity of the Pickering emulsion was highly sensitive to stabilizer concentration and that fabricated by 2% OVA - GA complex showed acceptable viscosity and powder yield.

Fabrication of lipase-loaded particles by coacervation with chitosan.

Coacervation of the lipase from Aspergillus oryzae (AOL) with chitosan was a feasible way to fabricate lipase-loaded particles and the optimum conditions were phase separation pH 5.5, chitosan to AOL mass ratio 1:5, and temperature 25 °C in the absence of NaCl, which conferred an AOL loading efficiency of up to 95.48% and activity recovery of 69.

Release of Leu-Pro-Pro from corn gluten meal by fermentation with a Lactobacillus helveticus strain.

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides are potential alternatives to the synthetic ACE inhibitory drugs, but the in vivo antihypertensive effects of most of them have not been confirmed. The tripeptide Leu-Pro-Pro (LPP) is one of the few peptides that have been proved clinically effective in reducing the blood pressure of hypertensive patients and casein is currently its major source. LPP is contained in multiple fractions of zein, and corn gluten meal (CGM) is hence a potential new source of LPP.

Carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan coating on multilayered emulsions for improved bioavailability and targeted delivery of curcumin.

Curcumin was entrapped in multilayered emulsions to increase its stability and bioavailability. Curcumin emulsion stabilized by whey protein isolate (WPI) was coated with chitosan (CHI) or carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) alone to form secondary emulsions and their combination in sequence to form the tertiary emulsion, in which, the polyelectrolyte concentrations were 1.0% WPI for the primary emulsion, 0.

Research on the mechanism of microwave-toughened starch on glucolipid metabolism in mice.

Potato resistant starch (RS) was prepared by microwave-toughening treatment (MTT). This study investigated the beneficial effects of RS on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6J mice by evaluating changes in the gut microbiota. The mice were fed low-fat diet with corn starch, HFD with corn starch, HFD with potato starch (HFP), or HFD with RS (HFR) for 6 weeks.

Maillard reaction in protein - polysaccharide coacervated microcapsules and its effects on microcapsule properties.

The occurrence of Maillard reaction in protein - polysaccharide coacervated microcapsules and its effects on microcapsule properties were investigated. Vitamin E microcapsules were prepared by soybean protein isolate - chitosan coacervation at 50 °C, 70 °C, or 90 °C for 12 h in the presence of maltose. Chromatic and furosine measurements revealed that Maillard reaction occurred in the microcapsules and was favored by high incubation temperatures.

Intestine-targeted delivery potency of O-carboxymethyl chitosan-coated layer-by-layer microcapsules: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

The intestine-targeted delivery performance of the gum Arabic (GA) - O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMC) microcapsules prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly and genipin crosslinking was evaluated by using an acid-susceptible compound omeprazole as the model. Confocal laser scanning microscope observation revealed that spherical microcapsules with the core-shell structure were successful fabricated. Genipin crosslinking did not affect the microencapsulation yield or drug load, but significantly decreased the particle size and positive charge of the microcapsules, and increased their stability against disintegration in the simulated gastric fluid.

Comparative study on the Maillard reaction of chitosan oligosaccharide and glucose with soybean protein isolate.

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) has multiple biological properties and is hence promising in the modification of proteins through Mallard reaction. Its susceptibility to the reaction with soybean protein isolate (SPI) was evaluated by comparing with glucose (Glu). Conjugation with COS led to milder color change, less furosine and hydroxymethyl furfural formation, and fewer lysine/arginine consumption than with Glu, implying that COS was less susceptible to the Maillard reaction with SPI than Glu.

Complex coacervation of carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan and chitosan and coacervate characterization.

Carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) shows potential in the construction of colon-targeted delivery systems through electrostatic interaction-based techniques. Its coacervation with chitosan (CHI) was investigated as a function of degree of substitution (DS). CMKGMs displayed the same optimum coacervation conditions of pH 6.

pH-Dependent intestine-targeted delivery potency of the O-carboxymethyl chitosan - gum Arabic coacervates.

Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-loaded microcapsules were prepared at pH 3.0, 4.5, and 6.

Efficacy of potato resistant starch prepared by microwave-toughening treatment.

Potato starch was treated by microwaving, toughening, and low-temperature aging to prepare resistant starch (RS). The functional properties of the resultant RS were evaluated and the effects of this microwave-toughening treatment (MTT) on the amylose content, RS content, digestive properties, pasting properties, morphological observation, crystal structure, and thermal performance of potato starch were determined. The optimal MTT parameters were microwaving at 300 W for 100 s, toughening at 55 °C for 16 h, and low-temperature aging at 4 °C for 18 h.

Intestine-targeted delivery potency of the O-carboxymethyl chitosan-gum Arabic coacervate: Effects of coacervation acidity and possible mechanism.

The potential of the glutaraldehyde-crosslinked O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC)-gum Arabic (GA) coacervate as an intestine-targeted delivery system for hydrophobic compounds was concerned. OCMC-GA coacervates and emulsified bovine serum albumin (BSA)-loaded microcapsules were prepared in pH3.0, 4.

Effect of coacervation conditions on the viscoelastic properties of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan - gum Arabic coacervates.

The effects of coacervation acidity, phase separation temperature, ionic strength, and biopolymer ratio on the viscoelasticity of the N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) - gum Arabic (GA) coacervate were investigated by using coacervate yield as the indicator of electrostatic interaction strength. The strongest interaction between NOCC and GA occurred at pH 3.0, whereas the highest modulus values were found in the coacervate separated at pH 6.

Genipin-crosslinked O-carboxymethyl chitosan-gum Arabic coacervate as a pH-sensitive delivery system and microstructure characterization.

The possibility of genipin-crosslinked O-carboxymethyl chitosan-gum Arabic coacervate as a pH-sensitive delivery vehicle was investigated. O-carboxymethyl chitosan-gum Arabic coacervates separated in pH 3.0, 4.

Hydrostable and Nitryl/Methyl-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework for Drug Delivery and Highly Selective CO2 Adsorption.

By using a strategy of introducing hydrophobic groups to the linkers, a hydrostable MOF was constructed based on 5-nitroisophthalate and 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine coligands, revealing a 3D dia topology structure with a 1D channel parallel to the c axis. TGA, PXRD, and water vapor sorption results show high thermal and water stability for the framework. The framework is very porous and possesses not only high busulfan payloads with an encapsulation efficiency up to 21.

Complex coacervation of soybean protein isolate and chitosan.

The formation of coacervates between soybean protein isolate (SPI) and chitosan was investigated by turbidimetric analysis and coacervate yield determination as a function of pH, temperature, time, ionic strength, total biopolymer concentration (TB(conc)) and protein to polysaccharide ratio (R(SPI/Chitosan)). The interaction between SPI and chitosan yielded a sponge-like coacervate phase and the optimum conditions for their coacervation were pH 6.0-6.

catena-Poly[[[aqua-[(2-hydroxy-phen-yl)acetato-κO,O']lead(II)]-μ(3)-[(2-hydroxy-phen-yl)acetato-κO:O,O':O']] monohydrate].

In the title complex, {[Pb(C(8)H(7)O(3))(2)(H(2)O)]·H(2)O}(n), the Pb(II) atom is seven-coordinated by six carboxyl-ate O atoms from four different 2-hydroxy-phenyl-acetate (2-dph) ligands and one water mol-ecule, displaying a hemidirected irregular geometry, with the empty side of the metal ion capped by a benzene ring forming a Pb⋯π contact [Pb⋯centroid distance = 3.342 (2) Å]. One 2-dph ligand functions in a bridging mode and connects Pb ions into a linear chain.

catena-Poly[[(nitrato-κO,O')silver(I)]-μ(3)-4-pyridone-κO:O:O].

In the title complex, [Ag(NO(3))(C(5)H(5)NO)](n), the Ag(I) atom is coordinated by two O atoms from two different 4-pyridone ligands and two O atoms from one nitrate anion, displaying a nearly planar coordination geometry. The O atoms of two 4-pyridone ligands bridge two symmetrically related AgNO(3) units, forming a dimer, with an Ag⋯Ag separation of 3.680 (2) Å.

[Adsorption process of organic contaminant in untreated coking wastewater by powdered activated carbon].

The article investigated the removal of organic contaminant from coking wastewater in adsorption process using powdered activated carbon as adsorbent. The dose of activated carbon, temperature, pH and reaction time were studied, and UV-Vis and GC/MS were used to carry out the qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of organic compositions in wastewater. The results showed that the optimum conditions for pretreatment of coking wastewater were 6 g activated carbon per liter, 30 degrees C, pH = 9 and reaction for 20 min, under which the removal efficiency of organic pollutants are more than 70%.

Soyasaponins inhibit the proliferation of Hela cells by inducing apoptosis.

This research aimed at investigating the effect of soyasaponins on the proliferation of Hela cells. SS-II, the second fraction of soyasaponins, was separated by column chromatographic method with D101A macroporous resin from soybeans. SS-II could inhibit the proliferation of Hela cells by changing cell cycle distribution and inducing apoptosis.