Deep-Sea-Derived Isobisvertinol Targets TLR4 to Exhibit Neuroprotective Activity via Anti-Inflammatory and Ferroptosis-Inhibitory Effects.

Neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death are leading causes of death in the elderly and underlie various neurodegenerative diseases. These diseases involve complex pathophysiological mechanisms, including inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis. Compounds derived from deep-sea fungi exhibit low toxicity and potent neuroprotective effects, offering a promising source for drug development.

Total cucurbitacins from pericarp do better than Hu-lu-su-pian (HLSP) in its safety and hepatoprotective efficacy.

The pericarp of (HPP) has traditionally been used for treating jaundice and hepatitis. However, the specific hepatoprotective components and their safety/efficacy profiles remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the total cucurbitacins (TCs) extracted from HPP and evaluate their hepatoprotective potential.

Study on the acute toxicity of trichlorfon and its breakdown product dichlorvos to goldfish (Carassius auratus) based on H NMR metabonomics.

Trichlorfon, one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides, is commonly employed in aquaculture and agriculture to combat parasitic infestations. However, its inherent instability leads to rapid decomposition into dichlorvos (DDVP), increasing its toxicity by eightfold. Therefore, the environmental effects of trichlorfon in real-world scenarios involve the combined effects of trichlorfon and its degradation product, DDVP.

Torachrysone-8-O-β-d-glucoside mediates anti-inflammatory effects by blocking aldose reductase-catalyzed metabolism of lipid peroxidation products.

Aldose reductase (AR) is an important enzyme involved in the reduction of various aldehyde and carbonyl compounds, including the highly reactive and toxic 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which has been linked to the progression of various pathologies such as atherosclerosis, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and tumors. AR inhibitors have potential therapeutic benefits for these diseases by reducing lipid peroxidation and mitigating the harmful effects of reactive aldehydes. In this study, we found that torachrysone-8-O-β-d-glucoside (TG), a natural product isolated from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

Chemical Constituents of the Deep-Sea-Derived MCCC 3A00169 and Their Antiproliferative Effects.

Six new citreoviridins (citreoviridins J-O, -) and twenty-two known compounds (-) were isolated from the deep-sea-derived MCCC 3A00169. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including the HRESIMS, NMR, ECD calculations, and dimolybdenum tetraacetate-induced CD (ICD) experiments. Citreoviridins J-O (-) are diastereomers of 6,7-epoxycitreoviridin with different chiral centers at C-2-C-7.

Bidirectionally Regulating Gamma Oscillations in Wilson-Cowan Model by Self-Feedback Loops: A Computational Study.

The Wilson-Cowan model can emulate gamma oscillations, and thus is extensively used to research the generation of gamma oscillations closely related to cognitive functions. Previous studies have revealed that excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the model can modulate its gamma oscillations. Inhibitory and excitatory self-feedback loops are important structural features of the model, however, its functional role in the regulation of gamma oscillations in the model is still unclear.

Metabolic response of earthworms (Pheretima guillemi) to silver nanoparticles in sludge-amended soil.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can enter soils via the application of sludge and pose risks to soil invertebrates. However, current knowledge regarding the toxicity of AgNPs at environmentally relevant concentration is insufficient, especially at the molecular level. Therefore, we examined the effects of low-level AgNPs (7.

Fe-MOGs-based enzyme mimetic and its mediated electrochemiluminescence for in situ detection of HO released from Hela cells.

Enzyme mimetics have attracted wide interest due to their inherent enzyme-like activity and unique physicochemical properties, as well as promising applications in disease diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Inspired by the attributes of nonheme iron enzymes, synthetic models were designed to mimic their capability and investigate the catalytic mechanisms. Herein, metal-organic gels (Fe-MOGs) with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) like Fe-N structure were successfully synthesized though the coordination between iron and 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid (PDA) and exhibited excellent peroxidase-like activity.

NMR-based metabolomics approach to study the effects of Wu-Zi-Yan-Zong-Wan on triptolide-induced oligospermia in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Wu-Zi-Yan-Zong-Wan (WZYZW) is a commonly used Chinese medicinal recipe for oligozoospermia. Oligozoospermia is a common disease that harms human fertility, there is no effective therapeutic medicine at present. However, the underlying pharmacological mechanism remains unclear.

Growth inhibition and metabolomic analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae treated with resveratrol.

Background: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) can cause destructive bacterial blight in rice. As an antibacterial, resveratrol may inhibit Xoo growth.

Therapeutic assessment of fractions of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on chronic atrophic gastritis by H NMR-based metabolomics.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR), a well-known and commonly-used TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) for treating headache, dizziness, tetanus, epilepsy, and etc., has been proven to relieve chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Due to its complex ingredients, the active fractions responsible for the treatment of CAG remain largely unknown.

Alkaloids from the Branches and Leaves of .

Nine new alkaloids, (+)-, (-)-, , (+)-, (-)-, and -, along with five known compounds (-), were obtained from the branches and leaves of . The alkaloids were structurally characterized by NMR and MS data. The absolute configurations of (+)-, (-)-, (+)-, and (-)- were determined by comparing their experimental and computed electronic circular dichroism spectra.

4-Octyl itaconate inhibits aerobic glycolysis by targeting GAPDH to exert anti-inflammatory effects.

Activated macrophages switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, similar to the Warburg effect, presenting a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory disease. The endogenous metabolite itaconate has been reported to regulate macrophage function, but its precise mechanism is not clear. Here, we show that 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI, a cell-permeable itaconate derivative) directly alkylates cysteine residue 22 on the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH and decreases its enzyme activity.

Synergistic combination of DT-13 and Topotecan inhibits aerobic glycolysis in human gastric carcinoma BGC-823 cells via NM IIA/EGFR/HK II axis.

DT-13 combined with topotecan (TPT) showed stronger antitumour effects in mice subcutaneous xenograft model compared with their individual effects in our previous research. Here, we further observed the synergistically effect in mice orthotopic xenograft model. Metabolomics analysis showed DT-13 combined with TPT alleviated metabolic disorders induced by tumour and synergistically inhibited the activity of the aerobic glycolysis-related enzymes in vivo and in vitro.

Metabolomic analysis of quorum sensing inhibitor hordenine on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Proton magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analysis was performed to determine the global metabolite changes in pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 following exposure to quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor hordenine. Pyocyanin inhibition assay confirmed that hordenine exhibited potent QS inhibitory activity. A total of 40 metabolites were assigned by PMR spectra.

Inhibition of Quorum Sensing and Virulence in Serratia marcescens by Hordenine.

Serratia marcescens NJ01 is a pathogenic bacterium isolated from diseased tomato leaves. Here, we report on the development of a tomato- S. marcescens host-pathogen system as a model to evaluate the effects of hordenine on quorum sensing (QS)-mediated pathogenicity under native conditions.

Hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotection of Polygonum multiflorum Thund. as two sides of the same biological coin.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Polygonum multiflorum Thund., a well-known and commonly-used TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) for treating hypertension, hyperlipidemia, premature graying of hair, and etc., has aroused wide concern for its reported potential liver toxicity.

Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics approach to evaluate preventive and therapeutic effects of Gastrodia elata Blume on chronic atrophic gastritis.

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is one of the most common digestive system diseases worldwide which defined by WHO as initial step of cancer. Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) is a traditional herbal with multiple pharmacological activities which was widely used in Asian countries. This study aims to explore the preventive and therapeutical effects of Gastrodia elata Blume on auto-immune induced CAG in rats.