Bariatric surgery and diabetes: Current challenges and perspectives.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity have become public issues of global concern. Bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity combined with type 2 DM has been shown to be a safe and effective approach; however, there are limited studies that have systematically addressed the challenges of surgical treatment of obesity combined with DM. In this review, we summarize and answer the most pressing questions in the field of surgical treatment of obesity-associated DM.

Short-term outcomes of three- and two-field lymphadenectomy with minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a propensity score-matching analysis.

Background: Whether patients can benefit from three-field lymphadenectomy (3-FL) in minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) remains unclear. This study retrospectively compared short-term outcomes between 3-FL and two-field lymphadenectomy (2-FL) in MIE for patients with esophageal cancer (EC) and aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of 3-FL.

Methods: There were 284 patients enrolled in the study (124 patients with 3-FL and 160 patients with 2-FL).

Clinical efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large kidney stones: A retrospective comparative study.

Background: Renal stones ranging 20-40 mm are very common in China. Although no large-sample clinical studies have confirmed the clinical efficacy and safety of this method, there is also a lack of comparative data with traditional treatment.

Aim: To investigate the clinical efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) by postoperative stone clearance and changes in soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) levels in patients with large kidney stones (> 2 cm in diameter).

Breastfeeding vs. breast milk transmission during COVID-19 pandemic, which is more important?

The catastrophic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised many health questions, and whether breast milk from SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers may be a vector for SARS-CoV-2 transmission has become a hot topic of concern worldwide. Currently, there are extremely limited and conflicting data on the risk of infection in infants through breastfeeding. For this reason, we investigated almost all current clinical studies and systematically analyzed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and antibodies in the breast milk of mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2, their effects on newborns, and the mechanisms involved.

Three-Field Versus Two-Field Lymphadenectomy in Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: 3-Year Survival Outcomes of a Randomized Trial.

Background: Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) has been used widely for the treatment of esophageal cancer. However, the optimal extent of lymphadenectomy for esophagectomy in MIE remains unclear. This trial aimed to investigate the 3-year survival and recurrence outcomes in a randomized controlled trial comparing MIE with either three-field lymphadenectomy (3-FL) or two-field lymphadenectomy (2-FL).

Three-Field Lymphadenectomy in Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) has been used widely for the treatment of esophageal cancer. However, there is still a lack of consensus on the extent of lymphadenectomy in MIE. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of three-field lymphadenectomy (3-FL) in MIE, compared with the standard two-field lymphadenectomy (2-FL).

The unsynchronized changes of CT image and nucleic acid detection in COVID-19: reports the two cases from Gansu, China.

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The CT image is used to assess the disease progress, whereas the continued two times of negative results from SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection had been considered as a criterion for ending antiviral treatment. We compared the two COVID-19 cases with similar backgrounds and CT image repeated intervals under treatment.

Amino acids regulate mTOR pathway and milk protein synthesis in a mouse mammary epithelial cell line is partly mediated by T1R1/T1R3.

Purpose: The mechanism of dietary amino acids in regulating milk protein synthesis at the translational level is not well understood. Numerous studies have shown that the amino acid signal is transferred through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway; however, the extracellular amino acid-sensing mechanism that activates mTOR complex 1 is unknown. We tested the hypotheses that the T1R1/T1R3 heterodimer functions as a direct sensor of the fed state and amino acid availability preceding the mTOR pathway and affects milk protein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells.

Circular RNA of cattle casein genes are highly expressed in bovine mammary gland.

Recent studies have revealed that, in addition to hormones and other protein factors, noncoding RNA molecules play an important regulatory role in milk protein synthesis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are universally expressed noncoding RNA species that have been proposed recently to regulate the expression of their parental genes. In the present study, the deep RNA-sequencing technique known as RNA-seq was used to compare expression profiles of circRNAs from 2 pooled RNA samples from cow mammary gland on d 90 and 250 postpartum and to identify the key circRNAs involved in lactation.

Role of Bladder Hydrodistention and Intravesical Sodium Hyaluronate in the Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of bladder hydrodistention and intravesical sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one patients with IC received intravesical sodium hyaluronate therapy under nerve block or intravenous anesthesia. Bladders were perfused with 100 cmH2O perfusion pressure and expanded for 10 min and were later injected with 40 mg/50 mL sodium hyaluronate through the catheter.

Sleeping money: investigating the huge surpluses of social health insurance in China.

The spreading of social health insurance (SHI) worldwide poses challenges for fledging public administrators. Inefficiency, misuse and even corruption threaten the stewardship of those newly established health funds. This article examines a tricky situation faced by China's largest SHI program: the basic health insurance (BHI) scheme for urban employees.

Dynamics of social health insurance development: examining the determinants of Chinese basic health insurance coverage with panel data.

Social health insurance (SHI) is gaining popularity in many developing countries, but there are few systematic empirical studies on the dynamics of SHI development. This study investigates the determinants of coverage of the Basic Healthcare Insurance for Urban Employees (BHI) in China. Using a panel database ranging from 1999 to 2007, the study finds that: (1) economic development plays a valuable role in BHI development; (2) strong financial capacity and administrative capacity in the government contributes to BHI progress; (3) higher trade union density is closely related to more rapid BHI expansion; and (4) taxation agencies are better at collecting SHI premiums.

An efficient algorithm for mining closed itemsets.

This paper presents a new efficient algorithm for mining frequent closed itemsets. It enumerates the closed set of frequent itemsets by using a novel compound frequent itemset tree that facilitates fast growth and efficient pruning of search space. It also employs a hybrid approach that adapts search strategies, representations of projected transaction subsets, and projecting methods to the characteristics of the dataset.