Effect of Traditional Chinese Non-Pharmacological Therapies on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review of Clinical Application and Mechanism.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) stands as a degenerative ailment with a substantial and escalating prevalence. The practice of traditional Chinese non-pharmacological therapy has become a prevalent complementary and adjunctive approach. A mounting body of evidence suggests its efficacy in addressing KOA.

[Mercury in tree rings: Advances, problems and prospects].

As a highly biotoxic element, mercury (Hg) can be enriched by the food chain and has negative effect on ecosystems. Changes of Hg flux and reserves in forest have important effects on its biogeochemical cycle in forest ecosystem. Due to limitation of temporal and spatial monitoring, there is not comprehensive understanding on Hg distribution.

Circular RNAs in liver diseases: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are formed from the genome through diverse back splicing and feature the closed loop. circRNAs are widely available in a variety of cells and characterized by conservation, structural stability, high abundance and tissue-specific or developmental-specific expression. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs are closely related to liver diseases, such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Mercury Transport from Glacier to Runoff in Typical Inland Glacial Area in the Tibetan Plateau].

To investigate the transport of mercury from glacier to runoff in typical inland glacial area in the Tibetan Plateau, we selected Zhadang glacier and Qugaqie river Basin located in the Nyainqentanglha Range region and collected samples from snow pit, glacier melt-water and Qugaqie river water during 15th August to 9'h September 2011. Mercury speciation and concentrations were determined and their distribution and controlling factors in different environmental compartments were analyzed. The results showed that the average THg concentrations were (3.

Suppression of scinderin modulates epithelial‑mesenchymal transition markers in highly metastatic gastric cancer cell line SGC‑7901.

Scinderin is a Ca2+‑dependent filamentous actin (F‑actin) severing and capping protein, which has a key role in regulated secretion. However, little is known regarding the function and mechanism of scinderin in human carcinoma development and progression. In the present study, the biological function of scinderin was investigated using a cell proliferation assay, flow cytometric analysis and a Transwell assay in highly tumorigenic and the metastatic human gastric cancer cell line SGC‑7901 transfected with scinderin‑small hairpin RNA lentivirus.

Non-coding RNAs and gastric cancer.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play key roles in development, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Altered ncRNA expression is associated with gastric cancer occurrence, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is significantly related to gastric cancer tumor stage, size, differentiation and metastasis.

New clerodane diterpenes from Tinospora sagittata var. yunnanensis.

Four new clerodane diterpenes, namely sagittatayunnanosides A-D (1-4), were isolated from the roots of Tinospora sagittata var. yunnanensis, together with two known compounds, tinospinoside C (5) and tinospinoside E (6). The structures of the four new compounds were well elucidated by extensive analyses of the MS, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR data.

Phenolic glycosides from Ficus tikoua and their cytotoxic activities.

Four new phenolic glycosides, named 2-ethylene-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-phenol-1-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 3-methoxy-4-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosylpropiophenone (2), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one (3) and 4-hydroxy-3,5-bis(3'-methyl-2-butenyl)benzoic acid-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), were isolated from the ethanol extract of Ficus tikoua, together with six known compounds: 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), 3-methoxy-4-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosylpropiophenone (7), baihuaqianhuoside (8), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (9) and 2-methoxy-4-allylphenyl-1-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (10). The structures of the four new compounds were elucidated by chemical methods and MS and IR, as well as 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The cytotoxicities of the 10 compounds against HeLa, K562, HL60 and HepG2 cell lines were assessed.

Two new sphingolipids from the leaves of Piper betle L.

Two new sphingolipids, pipercerebrosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the leaves of Piper betle L. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical degradation. These two compounds did not show significant cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines K562 and HL-60 in a MTT assay.

Cytotoxic flavanes from Uraria clarkei.

Two new flavanes, (2R)-4'-hydroxy-2',5,7-trimethoxyflavane (1) and (2R,4R)-2',4'-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavan-4-ol (2), were isolated from Uraria clarkei, together with two known compounds 5,7-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyflavan (3) and 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavan (4). The structures of the new flavanes were characterized by analyses of the MS, IR, UV, CD, 1D, and 2D NMR data. Cytotoxicity test suggested that compounds 1-4 possessed slight activity against K-562 and Hela cell lines, with the IC50 values ranging from 26.

[Acting mechanisms and research methods of long noncoding RNAs].

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play biological roles through a variety of mechanisms, including genetic imprinting, chromatin remodeling, cell cycle control, splicing regulation, mRNA decay, and translational regulation. LncRNAs are involved in the regulation of gene expression through the above mechanisms in different levels. Establishment and application of research technologies are important in understanding of lncRNAs functions.

[Temporal and spatial variations of major ions in Nam Co Lake water, Tibetan Plateau].

In order to investigate the temporal and spatial variations, sources, and major controlling factors of the major ions in Nam Co Lake water, inshore surface water samples were collected at a fixed site (30 degrees 47.27'N, 90 degrees 58.53'E, 4718 m a.

[Spatial and temporal distribution of total mercury (T-Hg) in different water bodies of Nam Co, Tibetan Plateau].

To investigate the tempo-spatial distribution of total mercury (T-Hg) concentration in water bodies in the Nam Co basin on the Tibetan Plateau, inflowing river water and surface lake water samples were collected from 2007 to 2010. The T-Hg concentration and its relationship with precipitation and river runoff were analyzed. The results showed that the average T-Hg concentration was (1.

A novel antioxidant isobenzofuranone derivative from fungus Cephalosporium sp.AL031.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of metabolites from the fungus Cephalosporium sp.AL031 isolated from Sinarundinaria nitida led to the discovery of a new isobenzofuranone derivative, 4,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-methylphthalide (1), together with three known compounds: 4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methyl-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran (2), 4,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-methyl-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran (3) and 4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methylphthalide (4). The structure of the new compound 1 was determined based on MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectral data.

A novel lignan glycoside with antioxidant activity from Tinospora sagittata var. yunnanensis.

A novel lignan glysocide, namely sagitiside A (1), together with two known ones, (+)-lyoniresinol-2α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and (+)-5'-methoxyisolariciresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), was isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of dry roots of Tinospora sagittata var. yunnanensis. The structure of the new compound (1) was determined based on MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectral data.

[Indoor air pollution in the Nam Co and Ando Regions in the Tibetan Plateau].

Concentrations and variations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) within tents from the Nam Co and Ando regions were observed at summer 2009, in order to understand the concentrations and variations of PM2.5 and CO in these tents (or in rooms) and their main affect factors, as well as the exposure of different residents.

piRNA, the new non-coding RNA, is aberrantly expressed in human cancer cells.

Background: Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding single strand RNAs. They are involved in germline development, in silencing of selfish DNA elements, and in maintaining germline DNA integrity. The relationship between piRNAs and carcinogenesis has not been shown yet.

[Studies on the chemical constituents from the roots of Tinospora sagittata var. yunnanensis (II)].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Tinospora sagittata var. yunnanensis.

Methods: Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents.

A novel 18-norclerodane diterpenoid from the roots of Tinospora sagittata var. yunnanensis.

A novel 18-nor-clerodane diterpenoid named sagitone (1) was isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of dry roots of Tinospora sagittata var. yunnanensis together with the five known diterpenoids columbin (2), palmatoside C (3), fibleucin (4), tinophylloloside (5) and epitinophylloloside (6). The structure of the new compound 1 was determined based on MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectral data.

[Determination of seven metal elements in Yunnan wild Schizophyllum commune Fr by atomic absorption spectrometry].

The seven metal elements in Yunnan wild schizophyllum commune Fr, including Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr and Mg, were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry for providing a scientific basis of the development. The results show that Zn, Co, Ni, Fe, Cr and Mg are relatively rich in schizophyllum commune Fr and the content of Cu is lower. The ratio of the content of Zn to that of Cu is 7.

[Effect of microRNA on proliferation of human tongue carcinoma Tca8113 cells].

Objective: To investigate the effects of microRNA (miRNA) on proliferation of cultured human squamous cell carcinoma of tongue Tca8113 cells.

Methods: The mimics or inhibitors of miRNA-31 or miRNA-139 were transfected into Tca8113 cells using liposome. Tca8113 cell proliferation was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Suppression of CDK2 expression by siRNA induces cell cycle arrest and cell proliferation inhibition in human cancer cells.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a member of serine/ threonine protein kinases, which initiates the principal transitions of the eukaryotic cell cycle and is a promising target for cancer therapy. The present study was designed to inhibit cdk2 gene expression to induce cell cycle arrest and cell proliferation suppression. Here, we constructed a series of RNA interference (RNAi) plasmids which can successfully express small interference RNA (siRNA) in the transfected human cells.

Detection of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood from patients with gastric cancer using microRNA as a marker.

Recently, the detection of occult cancer cells in peripheral blood has received a great deal of attention regarding the prediction of postoperative cancer recurrence and for novel strategies of adjuvant therapy. The aim of this study was to establish a new molecular diagnostic method of detecting circulating tumor cells. Gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells in 2 ml blood from healthy volunteers were serially diluted.