[Small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis diagnosed after fever and liver disorder: a case report].

A woman in her 10s presented to our hospital with persistent fever and liver disorder and was admitted. It was considered that her fever was due to infectious, hematological, and collagen diseases; however, these diseases were excluded. Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed gastritis and indicated inflammatory bowel disease involvement.

Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Indistinguishable from Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Case Report.

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection is a rare disease, mainly affecting children, typically characterized by persistent infectious mononucleosis (IM)-like symptoms. We describe an adult case of CAEBV without IM-like symptoms, which was indistinguishable from autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). A 60-year-old woman with liver damage was diagnosed with AIH (International Diagnostic Score: 16 points).

Newly Invented Micellized Vitamin K2 Recovered Prolonged Prothrombin Time under Obstructive Jaundice in Rats with Bile Duct Ligation.

In cholestatic liver diseases, coagulopathy is induced by malabsorption of vitamin K. Supplementation of vitamin K has previously been shown to prevent coagulopathy. In this study, we tested the efficacy of a newly invented micellized vitamin K2 (m-vitK2) in treating coagulopathy, using a rat bile duct ligation (BDL) model.

A vein-viewing application enabled detecting abdominal wall varices related to the presence of non-treated gastroesophageal varices: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Gastroesophageal varices (GOV) are a life-threatening complication in chronic liver disease. A method for non-invasively predicting GOV is crucial for management. This study aimed to determine whether a vein-viewing application can detect abdominal wall varices (AWV) and elucidate the relationship between AWV and GOV.

Erratum for Ikeda et al., "Pemafibrate Dramatically Ameliorated the Values of Liver Function Tests and Fibrosis Marker in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.33160/yam.2020.

Preablation three-dimensional ultrasonography can predict therapeutic effect and local tumor progression after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: To assess the agreement between ablative margin (AM) predicted by preablation three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D-US) and AM measured on postablation computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance (MR) images.

Methods: Sixty patients with 73 hepatocellular carcinoma nodules were enrolled. 3D-US data were collected immediately after puncture by the electrode before ablation.

Pemafibrate Dramatically Ameliorated the Values of Liver Function Tests and Fibrosis Marker in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease related to metabolic syndrome, which can progress to liver cirrhosis. Standard medication has not been established. Pemafibrate is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α modulator.

Gene Expression Analysis of the Activating Factor 3/Nuclear Protein 1 Axis in a Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Mouse Model.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) is a chronic liver disease related to metabolic syndrome that can progress to liver cirrhosis. The involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in NAFLD progression and the roles played by activating factor 3 (ATF3) and the downstream nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the gene expression profiles around the ATF3/NUPR1 axis in relation to the development of NAFLD using novel mouse models.

Protective Effects of Ipragliflozin, a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, on a Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Mouse Model.

Background: The options for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are limited. We examined the effects of ipragliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, on the fatty liver Shionogi (FLS)- mice, a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model.

Methods: FLS- male mice were treated with vehicle ( = 10) and ipragliflozin ( = 8).

Correction: Effects of resource-dependent cannibalism on population size distribution and individual life history in a case-bearing caddisfly.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Effects of resource-dependent cannibalism on population size distribution and individual life history in a case-bearing caddisfly.

Resource availability often determines the intensity of cannibalism, which has a considerable effect on population size distribution and individual life history. Larvae of the caddisfly Psilotreta kisoensis build portable cases from sedimentary sands and often display cannibalism. For this species, the availability of preferable case material is a critical factor that affects larval fitness, and material is locally variable depending on the underlying geology.

Differential Responses of Two Ecologically Similar Case-Bearing Caddisfly Species to a Fish Chemical Cue: Implications for a Coexistence Mechanism.

The mechanisms for the coexistence of multiple species occupying the same ecological niche are often puzzling. Predator effects on competitively superior species is one possible mechanism. In this study, we tested whether the presence of size-selective predators (fishes) acts as a mechanism for the coexistence of two species of case-bearing caddisfly larvae, Perissoneura paradoxa and Psilotreta kisoensis (Odontoceridae, Trichoptera).

[Compliance and problems with the surveillance program for HCC diagnosis].

We conducted a multicenter retrospective study for evaluating the background of and diagnostic opportunity for 651 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The etiologies were hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 20.0% of patients, hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 36.

Integrated trophic position decreases in more diverse communities of stream food webs.

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is an important theme in environmental sciences. We propose a new index for configuration of the biomass pyramid in an ecosystem, named integrated trophic position (iTP). The iTP is defined as a sum of trophic positions (i.

Serum Procalcitonin in Patients with Acute Liver Failure.

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a known diagnostic marker of bacterial infection. There are no previous reports of PCT concerning acute liver failure (ALF). We evaluated the clinical value of serum PCT levels in patients with ALF.

Falsely Elevated Serum Vitamin B Levels Were Associated with the Severity and Prognosis of Chronic Viral Liver Disease.

Background: Vitamin B is stored primarily in the liver, and highly elevated serum vitamin B levels occur in acute hepatitis and severe alcoholic liver disease. We evaluated the relationship between vitamin B levels and liver disease severity and long term prognosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Methods: We enrolled 90 patients (57 men, 33 women) with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis who admitted to our hospital as a prospective cohort study.

[Corrigendum] Preventive effect of caffeine and curcumin on hepato-carcinogenesis in diethylnitrosamine-induced rats.

Following the publication of this article, an interested reader drew to our attention an anomaly associated with the presentation of Figs. 3 and 4; essentially, there was the direct duplication of a panel between Fig. 3B, upper left‑hand panel (the G1-10W data) and Fig.

Preventive Effect of Geraniol on Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats.

Background: Geraniol is a plant-derived phytochemical possessing anti-cancer action. The anti-carcinogenic effect of geraniol was investigated in the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenic rat model.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with 300 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (G1; n = 4) or DEN (100 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in PBS (G2; n = 8) every 2 weeks on experimental weeks 2, 4 and 6.

Clinical usefulness of the ablative margin assessed by magnetic resonance imaging with Gd-EOB-DTPA for radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of ablative margin (AM) grading by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with Gd-EOB-DTPA administered prior to radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and to identify factors for achieving a sufficient AM and predictors for local tumor progression.

Methods: A total of 124 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were treated by RFA after Gd-EOB-DTPA administration. MRI and enhanced CT were performed within seven hours and one month after RFA.

Null anticarcinogenic effect of silymarin on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the anticarcinogenic effects of silymarin in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenic rat models. Severe and mild models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were generated by the intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg DEN once a week for 18 weeks and 100 mg/kg DEN every 2 weeks for 6 weeks in male Wistar rats, respectively. In the severe and mild models of HCC, the rats were treated with 0.

Sequential analysis of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

In the present study, we examined the sequential changes of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats. After 14 weeks of DEN treatment, hyperplastic nodules developed as a consequence of the appearance of renewed hepatocytes, degenerated hepatocytes, oval cells and fibrotic changes. Total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in the DEN group compared to the control group throughout the experimental period.

[Evaluation of the surveillance program for hepatocellular carcinoma].

We examined the compliance with, and efficacy of, the clinical guideline for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We classified 74 patients with HCC into 3 categories;23 surveillance cases, 18 non-surveillance cases, and 33 incidental cases. Patients from affiliated hospitals included more non-surveillance and incidental cases than in university hospital-treated cases.

Preventive effect of caffeine and curcumin on hepato-carcinogenesis in diethylnitrosamine-induced rats.

Chemopreventive effects of caffeine and curcumin were evaluated in the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenic rat model. Animals injected with DEN for 10 weeks (G2-10w) and 14 weeks (G2-14w) were hepato-carcinogenic rats. Animals injected with DEN and treated with curcumin and caffeine for 10 weeks (G3-10w, G4-10w) and 14 weeks (G3-14w, G4-14w) were compared with those in G2.

Chemoprevention against hepatocellular carcinoma.

Since the majority of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises from a background of chronic liver diseases caused by infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), chemoprevention targeting patients at high risk of HCC is feasible. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge of chemoprevention against HCC mostly using phytochemicals which have less toxicity than pharmaceutical agents. We describe in vivo and in vitro evidence and proposed mechanisms of beneficial effects of several compounds on the liver, including acyclic retinoid (ACR), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), caffeine, capsaicin, cepharanthine (CEP), cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, diallyl sulfide (DAS), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), genistein, lycopene, resveratrol, silymarin, sulforaphane (SFN), and xanthohumol (XN).

Preventive effect of JTE-522, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

Background: Chemopreventive effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor JTE-522 on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis was evaluated in Wistar rats.

Methods: Animals in the control group (G1) were injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), those in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) group (G2) were injected with DEN with regular foods for 14 weeks, and those in the treatment groups were injected with DEN for 14 weeks fed with JTE-522 for 7 (G3) and 14 weeks (G4), respectively. Proliferation and precancerous lesions were evaluated by expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and glutathione S-transferase-P (GST-P), respectively by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.